(Ab)use of Social Capital: An Indelible Negative Impression on Nigerian Socio-Political and Institutional Outfits

Author(s): Samuel O. Okafor,Cordelia O. Idoko,Jennifer E. Obidiebube,Rita C. Ume / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Social capital in sociology, economics, psychology and allied disciplines had been explored mostly, in the direction of its positive utility values in the society. However, the phenomenon has more negative impacts on the public institutions of the developing nations, especially with regard to the roles of these institutions to the sustainable development agenda. While bureaucracy especially its impersonal principle has helped the developed nations to control the vulnerability of public institutions to social capital, inability of the developing nations to objectively follow bureaucratic principle has made their public institutions vulnerable to the abuse of social capital driven by ethnic/religious affiliations. Hence, this adverse social capital scenario, has generated a public service environment, where people are employed or appointed based on their proximity to powerful ethnic and religious groups. By extension, this has had far-reaching negative consequences on the development and sustainability in these nations as mediocre manpower continues to undermine efficiency and promote the culture of perpetual underdevelopment. In this paper, we expanded on the above notion using available secondary data in Nigeria and linking the dominant notions of social capital to bridge the gap in literature on social capital and public institutions in Nigeria.

(Ne)sigurnost socijalnih radnica na radnom mjestu u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Anida Dudić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2020

The role of women in the social work profession from the beginnings to today, is greatly significant and indisputable. Long since, social work studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina were enrolled more often by women than by men, which is why many authors refer to social work as a “women’s profession”. The reason why women are more interested in social work studies is in the traditional understanding of women’s roles through care and welfare, and it is therefore not surprising that women more than men settle for the assisting profession. Due to the strong representation of women in the social work profession, the aim of this paper is to analyze and interpret the specific role of women in the process of professionalizing social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The paper pays attention to the problems and challenges faced by social workers, and in particular the level of insecurity in the workplace, the threats and attacks they are exposed to on a daily basis. The semi-structured interview (N = 14) came to conclusion that social workers are often victims of verbal and physical assaults, which makes them feel unprotected in their workplace. Due to the increasing frequency of attacks on social workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they need to enable official status as soon as possible, hire security guards at all social work centers and social welfare institutions, and to sanction any form of violence to protect these professionals and not to victimize their users.

(Re)Interpretacija historije dječije zaštite u Bosni i Hercegovini između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Sanela Bašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2014

The aim of this paper is to provide empirical and analytical framework for an understanding and contextualization of politics of child welfare in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the two world wars. Research results show that in normative sense extremely progressive and substantially high quality model of child welfare was in constant contradiction with the lack of financial, administrative and professional capacities for its implementation. Nonetheless, from a historical perspective , it is important to reevaluate the state 's efforts in the area of child welfare emphasizing particularly three legacies resulting from these efforts: first concerns the adoption of legislation on which the child welfare politics was based, second refers to the creation of (public) institutions responsible for the implementation of child welfare at local level and third concerns relationship of complementary between state institutions and private initiatives in the field of child protection based on the assumption that the state could possibly be the main but not the only and exclusive mechanism responsible for the provision of social welfare of citizens.

0 MOGUĆNOSTIMA MERENJA DRUŠTVENOG RAZVOJA

Author(s): Novak Janković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1981

The author considers the conception of the indicators of social welfare and the procedure of getting to the linear scale for measuring it. The author concludes that practical and principal advantages of this method cannot be achived without same sacrifice- These sacrifice are reffered on the objectivity and universality of the analyse. Important decisions for the analyse, that are concerning the choice, evaluations and aggregations of diffemet partial indicators, depend mostly on the ubjective estimation of the investigator.

1960 sonrasi Türk sağlik personeli politikasi üzerine bir değerlendirme

Author(s): Mehmet Burhanettin Coşkun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2017

When the public administration of countries identified as a social and economic forms of organization is impossible to think outside the health sector of this form of organization. In this area, many spend the majority of national resources and the operation of the human field prevents the medical field and constrained to work. Since the establishment of the Republic was considered to be an essential task of the state health services were encouraged to take public organizations. After the 1960 reform of the health policy issues were on the agenda. Health services, policy-making / implementation in the context of redefining the evaluation in relation to the consequences of experienced conversion and also the transformation of health policy to be discussed with a critical perspective, currently ongoing is important for appropriate evaluation of the discussion. Turkish health personnel to work in the process of globalization in terms of policy, not an example of transformation of the public administration, is considered important by itself in today's public administration studies. Working labor changes in Turkish public administration system will serve to seeing through intensive service sector. The main problem of the health personnel system in Turkey is achieved with a flexible structure, starting from the 1960's.

A „jó anya” mítosza Magyarországon a reproduktív munka és a piac globális történetének szempontjából

Author(s): Gergely Csányi,Szabina Kerényi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 24/2018

Based on Foucault’s theory of the soul, as well as the methodological insights of Fernand Braudel and world-systems analysis, in our paper we demonstrate how the myths of the good and the bad mother were created by certain actors during the various cycles of the capitalist world system, and how these myths have been embedded into the logic of capitalistic accumulation. We show how these myths, on the one hand, contributed to securing the unpaid reproductive labour necessitated by accumulation, and on the other hand, supported a new market segment from the 19th century onwards. First we present an outline of the history of the myth of the good mother at the core of the world system, then we summarise the socialist myth of the good mother. Finally, we use empirical examples to illustrate the contemporary Hungarian myth of the good mother.

A crritical analysis on budgetary wadges in Romania

Author(s): Adina Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2019

This study analyzes the importance of work, on onehand, and, on the other hand, the revenues that employees from tertiary education, researchers from ‘hardcare’ research and doctors are obtaining. In the same time, we are enhancing the big wages differences that different jobs depending on the state budget are showing. In this respect we are especially looking at the employees in research domain, as compared with academics and doctors physicians. The work-place is the frame where the following domains are very important: work conditions, revenues, the interpersonal relations at all levels, promoting opportunities, work time, proximity of work place, and work content. All these are making one activity to be more attractive than other one, building also the dimensions of some elements of the social importance of work per se.

A Csíki Lapok betegségábrázolásai (1889‒1893)

Author(s): Edit Bakó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this article revolves around the narrative possibilities of the disease, researching the first years of Csíki Lapok (from 1889 to 1893). This is the period when hospital establishment has become a relevant issue in the Szeklerland.

A háziasszony és munkája a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Wally Seccombe / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 24/2018

One of the significant figures of the “domestic-labour debate” in the United States of the 1970s was Wally Seccombe, who was among the firsts to understand the centrality of housewives’ labour to capitalism through Marxist terminology. He consistently applied the value theory of labour to the reproduction of labour itself, challenging both Marxist and bourgeois economic approaches which did not consider domestic labour as a structural part of the capitalist mode of production, and therefore participated in making the labour and position of housewives ‘invisible’. For Seccombe, the fundamental and unsolved duality of domestic labour is that while it constantly creates value through the reproduction of commodified labour, it is not recognized as productive labour since it is not directly related to capital and does not produce surplus value. Therefore, domestic 258 FORDULAT 24 labour is not renumerated by any wage, which has important consequences for the social position, conscience and possibilities of the housewife. Reproductive work necessary for the sustainment of her husband, her children and herself is presented as a natural female obligation and charity, masking the fundamental deception of capitalism that wage is in fact not meant to be for labour, but for the reproduction of the labour force. Domestic labour signifies her total material dependence from her husband and her isolation from the public sphere, which together limit her possibilities to represent her own interests and to take part in collective resistance. Between the industrial and the domestic domain lies therefore the most remarkable fault line of the working class, which turns members of the same household silently against each other and excludes housewives from the sphere of collective organization and struggle.

A home is more than a roof over your head: Post-prison reintegration challenges in Austria

Author(s): Doris Schartmueller / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Life after prison can pose challenges for the formerly incarcerated, their families, and wider communities. This research studies Austria where probation services are either mandated by the court or sought voluntarily after prison. Through semi-structured interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals, reintegration experiences from their perspectives are examined. The narratives emphasized social factors that either assuage or complicate life after prison. The main factors addressed were stable housing, the maintaining and (re)building of relationships, and employment. Overall, a lack of stable housing appeared to complicate life after prison the most and also negatively affected relationships and employment. For some, life after prison was further exacerbated by immigration status and a perceived stigma related to the nature of one’s convictions. This study shows the importance of working towards a better understanding of the social context individuals are released into after prison to better meet their individual needs and to counteract recidivism.

A jövedelemegyenlőtlenség mint a gazdasági válság eredete

Author(s): András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 17/2012

Although the prevailing crisis is directly connected to subprime lending, indirectly institutional and real economic causes lie in its background. In particular, income concentration is one of its most significant reasons. Although there was also significant economic inequality in the United States prior to the Great Depression of 1929, this economic phenomenon as an explanation for the crisis has emerged only in the very recent years. Nevertheless, there has been no agreement in the literature so far about what the real causes of the prevailing turbulent processes and the growing inequality could be. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into these controversies in order to make more understandable the hints and the conflicts in the literature. These controversies are placed in a framework of the creation and the dismantling of the New Deal.

A lakhatási válságra adott közösségi válaszok

Bérlői lakásszövetkezetek Magyarországon?

Author(s): Csaba Jelinek,Zsuzsanna Pósfai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

Since the crisis of 2008, housing is yet again and increasingly becoming a form of profitable financial investment. This tends to dominate over the claim that each person has the need and the right to access affordable, good quality housing. Across the globe this tendency is intensified by state policies as well. However, bottom-up initiatives organizing themselves for collective housing solutions are also gaining ground. These self-organized, „self-help” models open the possibility for economically vulnerable social groups to support each other in finding solutions for their housing problems, and also to collectively access resources that would individually be impossible to reach. This paper presents such an alternative housing solution, notably the model of rental-based housing cooperatives. Rental housing cooperatives are institutions organized in a bottom-up manner with the aim of providing affordable, good quality and stable housing for their members. We discuss two examples from Germany and from Uruguay for successful rental housing cooperative networks, which have existed for several decades. Finally, we present the steps which have been taken in the past years in Hungary and in the Eastern European region towards the establishment of such a model.

A magyarországi mentőellátás térbeli hatékonyságjavításának modellezése – egy lehetséges térinformatikai alkalmazás segítségével

Author(s): Titusz Bugya,András Trócsányi,Gábor Pirisi,Szabolcs Ákos Fábián / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2015

Within the framework of the present paper authors introduce a GIS based model, developed in the Institute ofGeography at Pécs University. The model can support decision-makers – primarily in ambulance service – withdata analysis and mapping. The fundamental goal of the development was to provide an easy access tool for theservice, with the help of which they can improve the general response time, the number of settlements and residentswithin the standardised reach of 15 minutes. It can help not only in long- or mid-term planning activities,but as a quick tool it offers support for ad hoc decisions. Both dynamic fleet management and occasional, seasonalspatial reorganisations can be planned carefully on the basis of the GIS application. Based on open source softwareit is a costless investment for any kind of delivery, collection or intervention services.

A magyarországi munkásság a hosszú lejtmenetben

Author(s): Márton Czirfusz,Zsófia Ivanics,Cecília Kovai,Tibor Meszmann / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 26/2019

This paper analyses how workers and wage labour in Hungary are embedded into relations of global capitalism. We argue that it is the long downturn - starting with the crisis of the 1970s - that offers a critical historical perspective in understanding current Hungarian capital-labour relations. Situated in the semi-periphery of the world-capitalist system of production, a characteristic feature of the crisis in Hungary is that the state has central and instrumental active role especially in creating short-term labour policies and more generally, regulating production. The article discusses, first, the effects of the 1970s crisis on Hungarian workers, in terms of the systematic interdependences of wage labour, the ‘second economy’ and social reproduction. Second, the 1990s are framed in how workers and labour were re-embedded into global capitalist relations after the change of regime. Third, the 2008 crisis and its aftermath is conceptualized with two interrelated processes: the growing exploitation of wage labourers and the social distinction of non-wage-workers. These aspects are explored further in two empirical chapters, one on the intensification of work in the automotive sector after 2008, and another on the ethnicization of the (non-wage) worker population.

A magyarországi szociálpolitika és társadalombiztosítási rendszer vagyonvesztése és anyagi stabilizációja 1945 és 1947 között

Author(s): Zoltán Cora / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 80/2020

Comparing the development of social policy between the years before and after the Second World War is as important a historical question in Hungary as in other countries. Although researching the welfare state has progressed greatly in recent times, there are fields that remain unexplored. For example, findings have not been synthesized into any scholarly consensus – or any debate even – about a comprehensive overview of social policy in the transition period from the end of the 1930s to the beginning of the 1950s, which includes the divide between the two periods under scrutiny here. The Second World War had an immense impact on the assets that provided the basis of Hungarian social policy and social security. Extending the inquiry to the losses suffered in the Second World War, the study examines the development of the financial conditions of Hungarian social policy and social security during the years of stabilization and rebuilding the economy (1945–1947), primarily focusing on the loss of assets and building a financial basis. Food shortage, economic difficulties, unemployment, hyper-inflation, and the hindrance or discontinuation of social support due to the loss of assets as well as poor coordination all contributed to the extremely low standard of life in the post-war years – not limited to certain social groups (e.g. old-age pensioners) but the thrusting the whole society into deep deprivation. While health and accident insurance were relaunched on the back of state loans, the pension system – primarily because of the complete erosion of reserve funds – adapted the pay-as-you-go format. Extending access to family support schemes and veteran support were important measures, although they provided fertile grounds for nascent political discrimination. By the beginning of 1947, the financial stabilization allowed more opportunities for the Hungarian welfare state. The hypothesis of the study is that despite the growth of social security coverage and the extension of access to services, both the lack of financial stability and the destruction of significant assets rendered Hungarian social policy practically dysfunctional, even after some successful stabilizing – and later, reconstructive – measures. This was further aggravated by the largely unsuccessful attempts to repatriate social security funds from territories reannexed between 1938 and 1941, then permanently lost after 1945. Thus, social policy in Hungary had little room to maneuver and only the most basic services could be guaranteed. Asset reparations yielded the first results only after 1947.

A művészet eltagadott gazdaságának feminista megközelítése

Author(s): Katja Praznik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 30/2022

Autonomy has historically been a gendered notion, a defining feature of masculinity as opposed to the relational otherness and dependency that has characterized dominant representations of femininity. It therefore follows that the notion of artistic labour, which as we saw in chapter 1, is rooted in the idea of art’s autonomy, would also be a gendered concept. This convergence of labour and gender calls, I argue, for an approach that is informed both by labour theory of value and a feminist epistemology to unpack the implications of autonomy of art. In this chapter, I therefore employ a feminist epistemology about the gendered nature of (women’s) work as an element of my labour-focused analysis

A Pilot Study on the Implementation of the GENER@T Program

Author(s): Ainoa MATEOS INCHAURRONDO,Aida URREA MONCLUS,Juan LLANES ORDONEZ,Daniela Cojocaru / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2020

This study analyses the effects of the "GENER@T" Program concerning the prevention of dating violence in adolescents. The study’s main aim is to know the impact of the program on students and teachers, assessing the effectiveness and adequacy of the program, as well as the satisfaction of the agents involved. A total number of 62 adolescents have participated in the study, all from 2nd year Secondary School classes, plus five teachers. The design of the evaluative study has followed a multi-method approach with a descriptive-comprehensive purpose. It combines techniques of quantitative data collection (pre-test and post-test) and qualitative one (students: portfolio and focus group, teachers: focus groups and diary). The implementation and evaluation of such a program in a secondary school, this has meant an educational innovation. The results point to high levels of satisfaction with the program, as well as a higher awareness of the implications of dating violence among adolescents.

A Study on the Correlations among Elder Volunteers’ Participation Motivation, Happiness, and Intention of Continuous Participation

Author(s): Guiqing Zhang,Qiuqin Zheng,Jingjing WU,Qiuqin Zheng,Decong Tang / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2020

Elder retirement volunteers, as the major manpower source of various organizations, not only present rich experiences and abundant working hours, maintain traditional rules, and cherish service opportunities, but also enjoy playing altruistic roles. For this reason, understanding elder volunteers’ participation motivation and enhancing the job satisfaction to promote the intention of continuous service could avoid the loss of elder volunteers. Aiming at elder volunteers of Fujian Volunteers Association, total 300 copies of questionnaire are distributed for this study and total 226 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 75%. The research results reveal significant positive effects of participation motivation on happiness, happiness on intention of continuous participation, and participation motivation on intention of continuous participation. According to the results, suggestions are proposed in this study, expecting to encourage and maintain elder retirees’ continuous service by the participation motivation and the enhancement of volunteer happiness to further promote the service efficiency of organizations, under current manpower shortage.

A tőke és a gondoskodás ellentmondásai

Author(s): Nancy Fraser / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 24/2018

Nancy Fraser tracks the reconfiguration of the relations of social reproduction under successive regimes of accumulation – “separate spheres”, male breadwinner, dual-income household. Are the exactions of financialized capitalism now serving to undermine its lifeworld?

Abandonul copilului nou-născut în unităţi sanitare din România

Author(s): Cristina Todirașcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2020

Although child abandonment in hospitals is regulated by several laws, we still hear in the Romanian media about the cases of newborn children who remain in the hospital and are cared for by volunteers. The official data offered by the National Authority for Protection of Children’s Rights and Adoption (ANPDCA) show that every year there is a number of children who are not being discharged after birth. With that fact in mind, I conducted a targeted qualitative research on this category of niche beneficiaries in order to provide information coming from practitioners in the field, who see this phenomenon and who are managing these cases. The study presents the results of semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals from 13 counties from Romania that are working in the health field; the main objective was to identify the reasons for prolonged hospitalization of children abandoned at birth.The intention of this study is to better understand the phenomenon and to generate new information that can help to change the current procedures or to create new programs or projects focused on preventing this issue.A general conclusion of this study is that those children who are not being discharged have health related issues and they can’t get discharged until the feedback received from the physician who supervise them that they are healthy enough. Another essential finding of this study is the need to pay more attention to minor girls in situations at risk, because they were the main category of mothers who have a higher risk of abandoning their child at birth.