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This study is the attempt of the description of the symbolicviolence serving the reproduction of the social structure in the rehabilitationof autistic persons. The starting point of this analysis is thethesis that people without disabilities act and think in an „oppressive”towards people with disabilities, however, are not always awareof this. The same therapists use symbolic violence against disabledpersons, including autism. Symbolic violence is fundamentally theimposition of categories of thought and perception upon dominatedsocial agents who then take the social order to be just. It is theincorporation of unconscious structures that tend to perpetuate thestructures of action of the dominant. The dominated then take theirposition to be „right”. Symbolic violence is in some senses muchmore powerful than physical violence in that it is embedded in thevery modes of action and structures of cognition of individuals, andimposes the spectre of legitimacy of the social order.
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Vocational training may not be the only one way to integrate people with addictions to the labor market, but also as a rehabilitation tool. From here comes the question: What are the essential professional training organization features in rehabilitation centers in Šiauliai area? The object of research is vocational training organization in addictions communities. The aim of the research is - theoretically substantiate questions of vocational training and overview its possibilities in rehabilitation centers of Šiauliai area. In order to achieve the objective of the study, following methods are used: scientific literature and document analysis, comparison and generalization.Basic vocational training objectives are the following: to help a person to acquire skills and competencies in line with modern scientific, technological, economic and cultural level; to help them establish themselves and compete in the changing labor market and ensure country's economic progress, international competitiveness and sustainable development; allow to achieve different needs and skills for lifelong learning, improving and changing qualifications; ensure access to vocational training and quality. In recent years, the increasing use of psychoactive substances among the youth and working age persons is recognized as social phenomenon, a threat to the public. Persons addicted to psychoactive substance use, problems occur in all areas of life. Vocational education and training in the context of the individual person and meets certain target groups of people (eg. training organized in prisons, rehabilitation centers, etc.), and becomes one of the vocational training components known as vocational rehabilitation.Scientific literature and Lithuanian and foreign institutions of professional information and guidance governing document analysis suggests, that these legal provisions are related to the professional organization of basic functions, and four training elements can be divided: 1) the professional information, 2) guidance, 3) vocational counseling and 4) vocational training. They are oriented to the necessary information, knowledge and skills giving individuals seeking to successfully integrate into the labor market, the unemployed retrain and improve their professional skills. It is emphasized that the vocational training system should be more flexible and provides more opportunities for people with socialization and health problems.The primary goal of addiction rehabilitation community is to help the dependent person not to use psychoactive substances and to integrate into society. Consistent, focused on mutual trust and cooperation based on educational, consultative and corrective actions help shape a young person or an adult for a positive work motivation, to identify the prevailing personal interests, needs to know and assess their actual knowledge, abilities, skills and leads to professional self-determination.Rehabilitation center staff is living together with people that are receiving drug treatment, engage in individual and group relapse prevention counseling, working on adapting the person to the most appropriate treatment, forms of daily living skills, organizing training and professional preparation, helping to find housing and move, giving further assistance. These services are often based on the number of groups for mutual support. People living in such centers pass several stages of rehabilitation, they are formed by individual plans that can be implemented on the assistance of consultants, assisted in the rehabilitation and structured to receive a proper education by attending courses or other training at the scheduled time.After analyzing active addiction rehabilitation centers in Šiauliai region (charity fund Agapao and Lithuanian Christian charity and compassion fund "Samaria") activities of professional information, consulting and training aspects of it can be said that addiction rehabilitation communities are diverse activities (vocational information and counseling classes, training, projects internally and with foreign partners), allowing for addicts to overcome their problems and successfully integrate into today's labor market. For a person, who is going through rehabilitation process, it is extremely important to acquire a profession or to change it, because it will help him get back into the labor market. It should be noted that the successful development of these organizations is impossible without the project work. Such project activities were: social, psychological, general services, computer literacy courses, English language training, training evaluation, counseling and vocational information and guidance assistance; professional skills development: painter, bricklayer, tile layer, plasterer, pavement fitter, horticulture specialist, small plantation overseer professional skills. Great attention is paid to disadvantaged families, children and single elderly people (events, seminars, summer camps). After the problem of domestic violence became visible, help was provided to women who are victims of such matter.
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With the increasing interest in the economics of happiness, which questions the relation between the well-being and the level of economic development, there is a need to reconsider the impact of the increase in consumption on well-being. The article examines the relationship between consumption and well-being. The interdisciplinary analysis explored both, the economic and the psychological points of view. The study is based on the literature review and some rough empirical evidence. The analysis leads to the conclusion that, although very valuable, the findings of psychology on pathomechanisms such as highly materialistic attitudes, shopaholism or low levels of self-control, do not constitute the sufficient grounds to challenge the accuracy of the overall positive impact of consumption on the quality of life and well-being in the economic sense.
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The purpose of this article is to look for relationships between the concept of A. Sen’s capabilities, and data published by the statistical offices on the example of the European Union. In the first part of the article views on the interpretation of the capabilities are presented. The second part is a review of the literature on the practical application of this concept in modeling. The third part of this study is the relationship between the percentage of people at risk of poverty and HDI index. The analysis shows that despite the high correlation between GDP and HDI, HDI presets additional data that reflects capabilities in the sense of A. Sen.
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The aim of my article is to give an analysis of selected social factors that have influenced the implementation of the Opole Program for Social Economy Development, which was created to answer the needs and problems of the region. The resources of human and social assets of disadvantaged groups in Opole region, which are the key to social economy projects success as a regional and local development factor, have been found to be insufficient and limited (transmission of poverty, welfare dependency, negative attitudes towards work). It is for these reasons that the success of the program will be above all determined by the actions taken to raise the level of knowledge and public awareness not only among potential beneficiaries of the program, but also among regional and local authorities, and by the development of social support system, in particular the cooperation procedures between local authorities and the nonprofit organizations.
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In this article there is a transparent analysis of international documents which guarantee the rights and freedoms of all people, as well as documents that specifically regulates the rights of persons with disabilities. A special emphasis is given to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The paper also analyzed the national legislation in the field of disability. In this connection it was pointed out to the incompatibility with the international agreements, but also the obstacles of application of the existing provisions in practice.
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The article presents a concrete example of suitability of methods of community organizing in the revitalization of the degraded district of the city. The issue of revitalization is among the priorities of territorial and social cohesion policy implemented with the support of European funds in its present a financial perspective European Union. Revitalization is understood as the output of a crisis situation of degraded areas by implementation of comprehensive and integrated social, economic and space programs. It has actually gained solid legal grounds from the accepted recently by the Polish Sejm on Revitalization Law on of 23 July 2015 (Dz.U. 2015, poz. 1777). The aim of the article is to point out how in the revitalization programs to build and use the potential of the local community. The authors are not confined to general guidelines but also refer to the practical experience gathered owing to social projects implemented in Lipiny.
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The article discusses the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in terms of their economic operations and service provision in a welfare state. The concept, development and classification of NGOs are briefly reviewed because third sector organizations are integral to the development of democracy, engagement of civil society and the existence (or lack) of cohesion and solidarity. NGO participation is significant in guaranteeing social welfare since a society devoid of social welfare is an excluded and scattered one imbued with citizens’ unfulfilled expectations and closed-mindedness. Such a state could not be considered a welfare state that ensures safety to its citizens, individual freedoms and social unity. The author argues that in comparison to other Western European countries, Lithuania is still developing its third sector and its traditions. The noticeably strong engagement of community in civic activities allows the author to make an assumption that the Lithuanian NGO sector might become active in the future and it might include a larger part of the society ranging from the civic-minded youth to other age groups and social strata. The author argues that individualism should not be treated as the worst vice of modern society. On the contrary, individualism as a feature of modern community could become advantageous if properly used and channeled towards the pursuit of innovation in both the third and other sectors interested in social welfare. The results of the analysis also demonstrate that the NGO sector in Lithuania differs from the one prevalent in other Western European countries because it grows slowly and unevenly. However, its growth has been intensifying due to the strengthening of civil society and the invention of new traditions of civic activism.
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The aim of this paper is to provide empirical and analytical framework for an understanding and contextualization of politics of child welfare in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the two world wars. Research results show that in normative sense extremely progressive and substantially high quality model of child welfare was in constant contradiction with the lack of financial, administrative and professional capacities for its implementation. Nonetheless, from a historical perspective , it is important to reevaluate the state 's efforts in the area of child welfare emphasizing particularly three legacies resulting from these efforts: first concerns the adoption of legislation on which the child welfare politics was based, second refers to the creation of (public) institutions responsible for the implementation of child welfare at local level and third concerns relationship of complementary between state institutions and private initiatives in the field of child protection based on the assumption that the state could possibly be the main but not the only and exclusive mechanism responsible for the provision of social welfare of citizens.
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In recent years, by introduction of Bologna Process in higher education system and increasing number of enrolled students, problems with organization, internship realization and tasks implementation showed up. These occasions have led to certain dissatisfaction for those involved in this process. This paper presents the results obtained from the research in which the participants were undergraduate students of second and third academic year, Department of Social Work of the Faculty of Political Sciences Sarajevo, as well as internship mentors, their experiences, comments and suggestions. Given the importance of internship and the mentors/social workers’ role in the overall education of future social workers, it is necessary to examine their attitudes and experiences in order to improve the internship quality. Hence the idea to conduct research on this topic and gain the insight into important aspects of students’ internships in which there are or may occur problems affecting its quality. The study was conducted in most of the social welfare centers in entire Bosnia and Herzegovina where students do their internship. We interviewed 211 students and 78 mentors.
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The institutional architecture of public health in the Netherlands is regulated by the Public Health Act (2008), based on the principle of state responsibility for collective prevention. Increasingly, responsibilities for public health are laid down at the level of municipalities, making their Community Health Services (CHS’s) the central pillar in Dutch public health organization. From the national level municipalities and their CHS’s are supported by a National Institute of Public Health and several health promotion knowledge institutes. The implementation of interventions at the local level is orchestrated by the CHS’s and requires ample knowledge and organisational skills to collaborate with a large number of stakeholders such as schools and primary health care for positive effects on health risk factors/health determinants. In addition municipalities do influence those health risk factors/health determinants with their local health policies and CHS’s with their public health basic tasks as youth health care, infectious disease control, vaccination and health promotion. Actual policy is the alignment of public health with cure, care and social welfare for prevention, and health and social action on well- known spearheads of lifestyle such as smoking, harmful alcohol consumption and overweight.
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The article's aim is to show the stages of development of child care. Forms of assistance have evolved over the centuries. Initially, children deprived of parental care were placed at the mercy of people of good will. Society did not create organized forms of care for the child. Analysis of the various stages of development shows how much has changed in this regard for the benefit of children. The current forms of aid can be defined as specialized institutions employing professionals, funded by the state.
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High cost, ageing of the World population, increase of the chronic diseases in last decade as well as long line waiting time for the health services in their own country led people to get care abroad and this increase of the inquiries causes increasing importance of the health tourism. In this study, five scale Liqerts’ based questioners were sent 63 managers of private hospitals in Istanbul, between September and December 2015 by electronic mail. SPSS 20.0 computer program was used to evaluate the data for percentages and frequencies. According to the study results, technique capacity, location, and international design was found to be important for foreign patients while choosing the hospital. It was detected that most of the hospital managers could provide necessary precautions for the safety of the patients and could give guarantee for the provisions. However, they should give more information about the legal issues. Otherwise they could confront legal, ethical, and judicial problems. It is important to take measures for possible problems by the hospital managers, other managing staff, health workers and contact agencies.
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Education of students with disabilities is a challenge for teachers engaged in various forms of special education. Due to recognizing the limitations and problems connected with education of such a diverse group of students, new solutions are sought.This article compares the higher education systems between China and Ukraine.
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The poverty percentage in today’s Romania is large related to the EU context and compared to other former communist countries. Large differences can be observed in the cases of certain groups which are vulnerable to poverty and social exclusion. For these groups, the most important thing is the intervention of supportive social policies. Besides the higher incidence of poverty and vulnerability, the efficiency of the social transfers in reduction of the poverty (other than pensions) is three times lower in Romania compared to the European average. One of the explanations proposed in this paper refers to the philosophy of the social protection system focused mainly on categorical benefits offered to some large categories presumed to have certain pre-defined vulnerabilities. The rate of the benefits based on testing means is low and the rate of the benefits for supporting those in need of urgent intervention is extremely low. On the other hand, the rate of financial benefits is significantly higher comparing to social services (only 0.7% of GDP, four times lower than the European average). Wasting already insufficient resources by over-addressing certain categories affects those who need the most the support of the social protection system and perpetuates the lack of efficiency of this system in reducing poverty. The over-protection generates in certain cases major social inequities. The analysis starting from the profile of the vulnerable ones will oversee the efficiency and the adequacy/inadequacy of some social protection measures, related to the nature and severity of the identified needs.
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Analiza porodice istovremeno znači i analizu temelja države. Koliko god se na prvi pogled može učiniti ovakva teza neuvjerljiva, ona se temelji na dva polazišta. Prvo uzima u obzir Aristotelovo učenje da je porodica osnovna ćelija zajednice koja za svoju prirodnu pretpostavku ima građane polisa - muškarce i žene. Drugi aspekt podrazumijeva ratom razorenu zemlju Bosnu i porodicu kao njezinu osnovnu ćeliju. Čini se da je razaranje Bosne započeto raslojavanjem porodice u svim vidovima njezinog ratnog stradanja.
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Adolescence is an age segment exposed to high risk of complications during pregnancy, at birth and during the postnatal period both for the young mother and for the child. The complications associated with teenage pregnancy include premature birth, low birth weight and infant mortality. Teenage girls are physiologically, psychologically and socially unprepared to have children, as they are unable to make informed decisions about their health and their child’s health. In addition, the lack of family and social support commonly leads to newborn abandonment. Although teenage girls have the right to continue their education during pregnancy and after birth, unfortunately, many of them abandon school after becoming mothers, which causes professional and financial failure, with implications both at an individual level and within the community. Recent studies in the Anglo-Saxon literature reveal that teen abortion is a risk factor for premature birth, breast cancer and depression. Young women should be informed about the risks of abortion, regardless of their decision on the evolution of their pregnancy. Young mothers can rarely have a sustainable couple with the child’s father, which results in socio-psychological repercussions on them. To limit the phenomenon of teenage motherhood, it is compulsory that young people benefit from a more effective education within the socio-educational family setting.
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Young people leaving care are a group at high risk of social exclusion, as evidenced internationally in research on care leavers’ outcomes. Leaving care is a turning point in care leaver’s lives and pathways to independency vary according to young people’s characteristics and the social support received. This article uses Bridge’s model of transition adapted to leaving care to bring an in-depth understanding of the process of leaving care and young people’s experiences of leaving and after-care. The first part draws on a research study and discusses care leavers’ characteristics and outcomes based on Stein’s resilience categories, illustrated with three case studies. Data was collected by use of semi-structured interviews from 34 care leavers. The main method used for the qualitative analysis was the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, chosen for its potential to give voice to young people’s lived experiences and bring an in-depth understanding of the way they cope with leaving care. The second part, moves from research to practice, from identifying to promoting resilience. A programme to support care leavers transition is introduced and proposed as a resilience-focused and process-oriented model of intervention.
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Below we present part of a larger study on the responses that social work professionals are giving n the current times of socio-economic crisis. The study has been developed in the province of Seville (Andalusia, Spain), through interviews with professionals who carry out social work both in the public administration and third sector organizations. The information has been analysed by the program for qualitative data analysis ATLAS.TI which helped to categorise information and the declarations of said professionals. The investigation shows us that the main responses that professionals are giving in the context of social cutbacks and lack of investment in social contexts are linked to the development of social work which looks more to society and the community to develop greater awareness and reporting of incidents, more networking with other social agents and group social work. Throughout the article we compare these results to research the origins of social work as a profession, it’s mission and objectives, we question the extent to which these sources are now recovering following the crisis, and how from this point of view, the crisis may be an opportunity for the correct recovery of social work (diverging from the idea of social work as a professional activity related to management and bureaucracy).
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