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Problems of Restructuring Serbian Railways and Possibilities to overcome them

Author(s): Aleksandar Damjanović,Saša Đorđević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The issue of restructuring public enterprises is extremely topical today due to their enormous size while actual material possibilities for their overcoming are relatively small. The restructuring process is currently underway but it does not take place at an appropriate pace and speed since it is accompanied by significant problems, and the state (i.e. the government) is expected to take an action, and so far it has been inert and ineffective. This slow pace of restructuring is especially true in the case of the Serbian Railways Public Company, which represents a very significant traffic infrastructure system, not only from the standpoint of Serbian, but also from the standpoint of European and global needs and interests. In this article we try to point out the major difficulties and problems of restructuring Serbian Railways, and especially those predominantly connected to material and human resources, but also the inadequate conception of macro and micro organizations with simultaneous indications to the approaches and possibilities for overcoming them, particularly those indicated by the theory and practice of modern management.

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Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin Ekonomik Performansının Hollanda Hastalığı Yönünden İncelenmesi

Author(s): Sevgi Sezer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2017

The Dutch Disease, which means that beneficial developments for an economy begins to give harmful results over time, can be seen especially in the countries having rich natural resources. Will the Central Asian Turkic Republics, which have achieved high income thanks to their resources such as oil and natural gas, come to such a problem in the future? If there is such a risk, what would be the solutions and the measures to be taken? In this paper, the answers of these questions are sought. In this study, a panel data analysis applied for 1998-2015 periods. Determining cross-sectional dependence, stationarity of the series was examined by PANKPSS test with multiple structural breaks and it is found that the series are stationary at level. In regression analysis, a clear result could not be obtained about the existence of Dutch Disease. Causality relations among the series were investigated by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) method and results implying the existence of Dutch Disease in these countries were obtained. In the study, risks of economic models based on natural resources export and required precautions are explained with good application examples around the world. It is expected that the attention of policymakers of related countries will be drawn on this issue in order them to impose required precautions to have a sustainable and high economic growth.

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Совершенствование системы внутреннего контроля качества работы медицинской организации на основе проектного управления

Author(s): Olga Aleksandrovna Latuha / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

Introduction. The article presents a study on the application of project management to improving quality control within a healthcare setting in modern conditions. The article aims to explore the approaches to project management in the field of improving the quality of work within a healthcare setting with the main focus on domestic and international practices, and describe an integration model of improving the quality of healthcare services in sustainable healthcare settings applying project management based on the data of own research. Materials and Methods. The author employed general research (scientific) methods of empirical and theoretical investigation, general logical methods and techniques and methods of system analysis, comparisons and analogies, generalization, the materials of a sociological survey and expert survey and modeling. Results. The analysis of previous research findings revealed that project management is widely spread in different industries, especially in the field of software development, electronics, etc., and only a few researchers have been studying the applicability of this model to healthcare. Investigations of development stability within healthcare settings conducted by the author showed that the problem of implementing improvements to a setting as a whole and to the quality management system in particular, is adequate and appropriate at the present stage of healthcare development. The author stresses that sustainably developing healthcare settings need the technology for implementing organizational changes in the work of different departments without compromising the efficiency of their functioning. The author proposes an integration model of improving the quality of healthcare services, which combines the concept of sustainable development of a healthcare setting and project management. Conclusion. In conclusion, the author summarizes the main approaches to project man-agement in the field of quality of work within a healthcare setting on the basis of domestic and international practices.

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Specjalne strefy ekonomiczne jako forma interwencji państwa wspierająca rozwój przedsiębiorczości

Author(s): Magdalena Zioło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2009

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a separated area in which manufacturing or distribution activities can be conducted on preferential terms. The purpose of SEZs is to support regional development. The article has probed the influence of SEZs on local entrepreneurship in quantity and quality aspects.

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Uwarunkowania aktywności innowacyjnej małych przedsiębiorstw

Author(s): Bogdan Nogalski,Anna Wójcik-Karpacz,Jarosław Karpacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2009

The article constitutes an attempt at pinpointing the role of innovation as a stimulating factor in the development of competition in small enterprises. The main objective is to identify factors, mainly internal, which may constructively influence the innovation in such enterprises. It has been observed that in the current, fairly positive, environmental factors the entrepreneurs show a great variety of attitudes aimed at innovation creation.

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Centra logistyczne w przewozach intermodalnych i strukturach łańcuchów dostaw

Author(s): Grzegorz Mazurkiewicz,Łukasz Sułkowski,Paweł Morawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4.3/2017

The integration of supply chains can be implemented, among others, thanks to the integration of logistics centers into their structures. In the article, particular attention was paid to the role and importance of intermodal transport for the development of logistics centers and the efficient functioning of global supply chains. The author also indicates the benefits that participants in supply chains can get from using the infrastructure of logistics centers.

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EXAMINING RURAL REGIONS IN HUNGARY AFTER EU ACCESSION: PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF SOME KEY PERFORMANCES (2004-2014)

Author(s): Branko Dimeski,Elizabeta Tosheva / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

With almost half of the total population (46.85%) of the population living in rural isolated places, Hungary is one of the top rural EUmember countries. The main goal of this research in the paper is the analysis of the ten-year period starting from 2004 until the beginning of the most recently adopted the Hungarian Rural Development Programme (2014-2020). In order to achieve this goal, the paper presents the main functional EU and Hungarian efforts or decisions that pertain to the process of rural development in the country. The accent is put on testing the relationships by performing correlation analysis of the ten socio-economic variables in these regions. They are rural GDP, population density, medical doctors, hospital beds, students, roads, unemployment, mortality, infant mortality and migrations. The research results of the performed correlation analysis points to different conlusions. While some of the relationships in the matrix are statistically significant (either positively or negatively related with different strength), others are not statistically significant. The results point to many important conclusions about the Hungarian rural development from 2004 until 2014. Besides the great efforts implemented by the EU official authorities and Hungarian rural development networks, the negative trends are still present in rural communities across Hungary. Consequently, the present and future success of the most recent Hungarian Rural Development Programme (2014-2020) is very challenging and depends on many variables in the present world of worldwide integration and globalization.

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A LOW-COST INTERVENTION FOR REDUCING COSTS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION DROPOUT: THE DROPOUT REDUCTION MODEL

Author(s): Ran Bar-Am / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

National investment in education improves national economic prosperity and contributing to development. In countries where there is significant investment in higher education at the national level, student dropout from higher education represents a major source of financial loss. There are also losses at the institutional level. Although the high cost of dropout is understood, institutions have failed to take responsibility for dropout reduction, owing in part to the additional cost associated with dropout prevention. To address this issue, we present, on the basis of theoretical and empirical literature, the Dropout Reduction Model. The Dropout Reduction Model focuses on institutional responsibility for (a) student commitment, (b) social support, and (c) institutional support and provides strategies for the improvement of each of these three values. Additionally, we propose a concrete intervention based on the Dropout Reduction Model, by which institutions can effect reductions in dropout rate without incurring significant costs. The intervention focuses on policy and pedagogy changes with minimal required inputs, thereby enabling institutions to reduce sunk costs from dropout without significant budgetary strain.

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Food Industry in the Business System

Author(s): Ion Vasilescu,Sava Anetuţa / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2009

Food industry is changing from a qualitative, quantitative and structural point of view. This paper presents some aspects concerning food industry under the conditions of market economy and the possibilities to improve the economical activity through investments, as a factor to ensure the qualitative development and the promotion of technical progress.

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Development Economics and the issues of poverty and social inequalities

Author(s): Ryszard Piasecki / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

Development economics emerged as a separate discipline of economic science in the 1950s but it wasn’t until the 1960s and mid-1970s that it began to draw serious attention. Gradually, an extensive literature concerning economic development was built up. In the 1980s it turned out, however, that despite some successes, the economic growth in most of medium and less developed countries was not as high as expected. During the 1980s and 1990s, the so-called Washington Consensus dominated the theory and practice of economic development. This notion covered the whole range of activities that were to lead the developing countries to improved welfare and prosperity. It included strict fiscal and monetary policies, deregulation, foreign trade and capital flow liberalisation, elimination of government subsidies, moderate taxation, liberalisation of interest rates, maintaining low inflation, etc. Based on the developmental experience of over past ten years, a new paradigm of development is emerging, the elements of which can be described as follows: (1) the basic economic environment should encourage the long-term investment in (2) the economy should have a high sensitivity to market stimuli (3) human capital must complement physical capital (4) due to the fast flow and absorption of information in the rapidly changing world, the key role is played by institutions and mechanisms that jointly respond to stimuli (5) wherever market failures occur, an intervention of the state should be market-friendly (6) social equality must be guaranteed if the economic development is to take place on a sustainable basis.

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Ethical model of lobbying: An analysis of the codes regulating lobbying activity

Author(s): Anna Lewicka-Strzałecka / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2017

Self-regulation initiatives are undertaken by many lobbying circles in various countries. The key element of those initiatives are codes of ethics including a postulated model of lobbying activities, a specific pattern of ethical standards of lobbying. The aim of the article is a reconstruction of this pattern on the basis of the analysis of eight codes representing American, Polish, British, European and German lobbying. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. An axiological base of the lobbyist profession is created by such values as honesty, reliability, integrity, trust, professionalism, civic responsibility, openness, transparency, loyalty, respect, courtesy. Norms included in the codes are concentrated on the following issues: legality, transparency of actions, care of reputation and dignity of the profession, avoiding corruption, conflict of interest, customer relationship, duties toward society, public relations. A weak element of lobbying self-regulation is a system of norm execution.

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Optymizm a efektywność zawodowa pracowników. Część II. Interpretacja zdarzeń negatywnych

Author(s): Ewelina Dresler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Introduction. The following article is the second part of considerations on optimism and its connection with efficiency in the workplace. It has been described in regard to how negative events are interpreted by workers. The aim of the article is to check whether there is a relationship between workers’ efficiency and different dimensions of optimism, its range, stability and personalization resulting from negative events. Material and methods. The article was prepared on the basis of the research findings obtained in the project conducted under the Fund Grants for Research at Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. The study was based on the concept of optimism by Martin Seligman. Results. The result of the research confirm the connection between the level of efficiency and optimism and the way negative events are interpreted. In turn, there was no connection found between the way such events were personalised and the level of employees’ efficiency. Conclusions. The study results allow to draw some general conclusions about the existing connection between the level of optimism in regard to interpretation of negative events and efficiency at work. However, it requires further research, which may have practical application in improving workers’ performance at work through teaching them optimism.

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УПРАВЉАЊЕ ЖАЛБАМА КУПАЦА У ТУРИСТИЧКИМ АГЕНЦИЈАМА

Author(s): Katarina Borisavljevic,Gordana Ž. Radosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The process of managing customer complaints in tourism companies is a significant prerequisite for improving customer relationships and increasing the level of customer satisfaction and loyalty. Companies in tourism tend to reduce the number of dissatisfied and unprofitable customers. The subject of research in the paper is the analysis of the influence of certain factors on the tendency of customers to appeal to tourist agencies and, consequently, to their loyalty.The aim of the research is to examine whether and to what extent the sociodemographic characteristics influence the decision of the customers to file complaints with the agency in case of dissatisfaction with the service. Particular emphasis is on the analysis of the influence of certain relational factors (such as the level of customer confidence, image of the agency and the effectiveness of the complaint management process) on the tendency of customers to appeal and to increasing their satisfaction and loyalty to a particular agency. The importance of research is also in providing guidance to both tourist agencies and other companies in the field of tourism, improving customer relationships and improving the quality of the service process through effective customer complaint management.

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Формирование нового мировоззрения, нового человека, нового общества будущего

Author(s): Valentina Voronkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

The article analyzes coming into being and formation of the new world view that should be called noosphere (rational), proves the development of appropriate theory of the new consciousness formation, new person, new society of the future with the help of which society can proceed to a new state of mutual responsibility and reasonable relations to nature; conditions for the formation of noosphere-spiritual economy, aimed at meeting the needs of rational person.

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Data-based Startup Profile Analysis in the European Smart Specialization Strategy: A Text Mining Approach

Author(s): Sohaib S. Hassan,Jari Kaivo-Oja,Levan Bzhalava / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the paper is to develop novel scientific metrics approach to the European Smart Specialization Strategy. The European Union (EU) has introduced Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) to increase the innovation and competitive potential of its member states by identifying promising economic areas for investment and specialization. While the evaluation of Smart Specialization Strategy requires measurable criteria for the comparison of rate and level of development of countries and regions, policy makers lack efficient and viable tools for mapping promising sectors for smart specialization. To cope with this issue, we used a text mining approach to analyze the business description of startups from Nordic and Baltic countries in order to identify sectors in which entrepreneurs from these regions see new business opportunities. In particular, a topic modeling, Latent Dirichlet Allocation approach is employed to classify business descriptions and to identify sectors, in which start-up entrepreneurs identify possibilities of smart specialization. The results of the analysis show country-specific differences in national startup profiles as well as variations among entrepreneurs coming from developed and less developed EU regions in terms of detecting business opportunities. Finally, we present policy implications for the European Smart Specialization Strategy.

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ACCOUNTING REPORTING COMPLEXITY MEASURED BEHAVIORALLY

Author(s): Dirk Beerbaum,Julia M. Puaschunder,Maciej Piechocki / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

We propose a new measure of accounting reporting complexity (ARC) based on customized extensions XBRL elements in relation to the number of reporting tags (NRT), expressed as the relative Extension Rate (ER) as a behavioral economics solution to improve markets. Behavioral insights have recently gained attention in different scientific and applied fields. Thereby behavioral economists set out to improve market conditions to aid practitioners and consumers make wiser and more informed decisions that have a positive impact over time. XBRL extensions reduce comparability of financial disclosures and complicate financial analysis and investor decision making. We find that ER is negatively associated with market capitalization and profitability. ER is on average higher in industries perceived as complex. The preparation and disclosure of more accounting items deviating from the base taxonomy is more complex for consumers of financial and non-financial information. Increasing ER imply comparability among peers is less enabled. In comparison to commonly used measures of operating and linguistic complexity, the associations between ARC and these outcomes are more consistent, exhibit greater explanatory power, and have stronger economic significance. The ER resulting from IFRS-filers, i.e. companies which prepare their financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) are on average significantly higher than US GAAP filers, i.e. companies which prepare their financial statements under United States General Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP). This article is based on the “transparency technology XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)” (Sunstein, 2013), which should make data more accessible as well as usable for private investors. Overall, the findings contribute to the emerging behavioral economics trend with a novel application in data science and accounting.

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THE CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCE OF KNOWLEDGE WORKERS ILLUSTRATED THROUGH THE CASE OF AN OIL COMPANY

Author(s): Djilali Benabou / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The advent of the knowledge society and the ubiquity of information and communication technologies summarize current developments in the business environment and express the theoretical and organizational challenges. Now, more managerial studies insist on the importance of knowledge management as the new approach for the development of work based knowledge. Precisely, this new discipline in construction can be apprehended by two approaches: a technological approach and a social approach, as it will be presented in the first part of this paper. In the second part, the presentation of the case of an oil company will help us to highlight, on the one hand, the limits of the technological approach to emerging practices of knowledge workers, and on the other hand, the major importance of aspects such as the sharing culture and trust.

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THE QUALITY OF THE MANAGEMENT AND THE NEED OF REFORM IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.

Author(s): Radu Gheorghe,Viorica Neacsu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

n 2019, four major cities from Romania were included in the world quality of life ranking: Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, Iasi and Bucharest (it is a ranking that includes 226 cities, in which the first place is positioned Canberra, while the last place is occupied by Caracas). The quality of life index used represents an estimate of the overall quality of life by using an empirical formula that takes into account eight indicators: the purchasing power index, the pollution index, the ratio of the price of housing and income, the cost of life index, the safety index, the health care index, the transport time index and the climate index. It should be stressed, however, that on the one hand, in any process of measuring the quality of life are used not only the objective indicators, which describes the conditions of life, but also the subjective indicators, which assess the state of life through a perception „filtered by expectations, aspirations, values”, who rather targets the happiness, the satisfaction with life. On the other hand, the concept of quality of life is a multidisciplinary one, its definition being a wider one if we think about the multitude of indicators that should be used. The present article proposes only a description of the housing conditions in Romania in the European context, using the latest statistical data who directly affecting the living conditions of the Romanian population.

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MANAGEMENT CONTROL AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT WITHIN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Emilia Vasile,Ion Croitoru / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This paper deals with management control as an essential factor in monitoring the functioning of the economic management of economic organizations. Management control is the set of procedures and tools that allow an organization to set goals, guide management decisions and behaviors to achieve goals and ensure that the necessary resources are available and used effectively and efficiently in carrying out activities associated with the goals set. It intervenes in all situations where the working environment is indefinite or unclear. Through the management control it is tracked whether the stages of the managerial process regarding the management of the financial resources and the patrimonial management are properly completed. The management of the economic organizations through the implementation of the management control ensures that it has sufficient data sources and information that guarantees that the managerial decisions made within the different functional structures of the organization are coherent and that, in the short term, they meet the objectives.

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FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ ARASINDA SAKLI EŞ BÜTÜNLEŞME İLİŞKİSİ VAR MIDIR?

Author(s): Hasan Ayaydın,Alper Veli Çam,Abdulkadir Barut,Fahrettin Pala / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2019

Energy is indispensable of the economy and important for economic growth. Energy is a fundamental necessity for human survival and economic growth, and energy forms the basis of modern societies. It is the lifeblood and backbone of economic development. It plays an important role in increasing trade and the level of growth. According to the literature, it increases the level of growth. In the economic literature; dynamic relations including economic growth, trade, energy and financial development are noteworthy. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of a hidden relationship between financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth for E-7 countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) in the time 2003-2016 period. Within this scope, hidden cointegration analysis developed by Hatemi-J (2011) and asymmetric causality analysis of Hatemi-j (2012) were used. According to the results of the analyzes, a hidden cointegration relationship was found between the negative components.

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