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Kodeks dobrych praktyk „Ogrodnictwo wobec roślin inwazyjnych obcego pochodzenia” jest zbiorem zasad określających jak postępować z roślinami należącymi do gatunków obcych, aby ograniczyć ich przenikanie z ogrodów i terenów zieleni do dzikiej przyrody. Zachęcamy do korzystania z kodeksu osoby uprawiające własne ogrody, a także zawodowo zajmujące się ogrodnictwem, które cenią rodzimą przyrodę.
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Valuable natural areas are an integral part of the environment in which man lives. Environment is generally related to each other elements of natural and anthropogenic origin. Environmental degradation, which occurred as a result of human activities meant that began legally protect particularly valuable areas. Valuable areas in terms of natural areas are not protected by law. The publication presents a method for evaluating the preciousness of nature area. Valuables rating determined on the basis of the proposed method is objective because it is based on statistical figures. Preciousness of this assessment is particularly useful when determining the value of a particular area or property. The result of this assessment can be used in determining the characteristics of the property and the differentiation of its value.
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Human activity has an impact on environment, especially on air quality changes. In the article there are presented main pollutants emission sources in Poland, including emissions of particulate matter, SO2, CO, NOX, non-methane volatile organic compounds, ammonia, dioxins and furans, PCB, PAH, and heavy metals. There are also shown reasons for present air quality and means of reduction of various compound emissions. An attention has been paid to health problems, which can occur during long-time exposure on pollutions.
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Many fish diseases do not start with presence of highly infectious factors, but in small environmental imbalances. They tend to handicap the immunological response, and, in consequence, sentisize to infections. On the other hand, severe pH, temperature and water-soluble compound level changes may be lethal itselves. This article presents some most common cases in fish farming in Poland.
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The aim of this investigation was to show the connection between the living environment of children and the development of their personal knowledge of the farm animals and pets. The group of 93 students, 1-3 grade, was asked to draw one of two pictures: pets or farm animals. Another group of 69 students, 4-6 grade, filled in the questionnaire that was set to examine students’ knowledge of these animals. Examined students were brought up in urban areas (the city of Poznań) or rural areas (municipality of Gołańcz, Greater Poland Voivodeship). Questionnaires and drawings were put under the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show the differences in personal knowledge of the children from urban and rural areas: the answers of the rural area students were more concrete, with more practical attitude towards the farm animals and pets. The urban area children paid more attention to aesthetic and emotional aspects. The survey shows also that there is possibly connection between how often students meet some specific animals in real life and the number of correct information they can give about these animals. The additional aspect of this study is to show the possibility of using the drawing analysis as a diagnostic tool of students’ environment knowledge.
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The present study analyses eco-innovation from the perspective of sustainable building. The authoress put special emphasis on topics that are currently widely discussed such as factors of development of eco-innovation, types of eco-innovation, environmental guidelines for sustainable building and building certification systems. Furthermore also it discusses the approach of eco-innovation in the European Union to demonstrate whether Poland is a leader in this field or not. Moreover, it discusses some examples of eco-innovation in construction, which should be a contribution to the development of further analysis of this issue.
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Respect for nature is an obvious human obligation from sozological, ecological and ecophilosophical standpoints. Is it an ethical duty also, as Paul W. Taylor and some other environmental ethicists claim? According to George E. Moore’s criticism of naturalistic fallacy, nature couldn’t give a foundation for any duty, including respect for itself. Nature could be recognized as good, but not in a moral sense. Destroying it should be acknowledged as an evil, but not necessarily a moral one. Not founded on the laws of nature, respect for it is part of culture, being a normative system which rules different forms of human behaviour, among them these concerning nature. Respect for nature is a duty of homo sapiens as a species being part of it and being able to act consciously in and for it. This duty is valid and obligatory irrespectively of ethical grounds.
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Building an incineration plant is a project of a huge social undertaking. Neither environmental organizations nor the residents near the locations of such installations are likely to express support for such construction. Some of the main issues raising emotions in society are: emissions of harmful substances into the air, large investment costs and problems with managing residues. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of building municipal waste incineration plants, current waste management, and also the results of an LCA analysis on the environmental impact of chosen waste management strategies.
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Zanikanie i dewastacja siedlisk są jednymi z głównych przyczyn masowego spadku liczebności płazów na świecie (Cushman, 2006). Nie inaczej jest w Polsce, gdzie rozbudowa infrastruktury i coraz gęstsza sieć dróg prowadzą nie tylko do rozdzielania sąsiadujących populacji płazów ale także do masowej ich śmierci w czasie corocznych wiosennych wędrówek do miejsc rozrodczych (Elżanowski i wsp., 2009; Gryz i Krauze, 2008). Dodatkowo, małe zbiorniki wodne – kluczowe miejsca rozrodu i bytowania płazów, są nagminnie zasypywane, bądź zanikają na skutek działań melioracyjnych. W ciągu niespełna 70 lat na przełomie XIX i XX wieku w samej tylko Wielkopolsce zniknęło ponad 8500 małych oczek wodnych (Stasiak, 1991 za Rybacki i Berger, 2003). Nie wiadomo ile ich jest obecnie, jednakże można być pewnym, że spora część poddana jest silnej presji człowieka.
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– Dzieci, czy chcecie wiedzieć, co działo się w tym miejscu wcześnie rano, kiedy dopiero zaczynało się robić jasno? – Taaaak! – oczy i buzie szeroko otwarte z przejęcia. – Gdybyśmy tu przyszli wcześnie rano, byłoby zupełnie cicho. Tylko nad naszymi głowami usłyszelibyśmy stukanie – stuk stuk, stuk stuk. To dzięcioł wyjada nasiona z szyszki w swojej kuźni. Zadzieramy do góry głowę – ale jest zbyt ciemno, jeszcze nic nie widać. Nagle słyszymy nowy dźwięk – coś dużego i ciężkiego pędzi na nas z ciemności. Nim zdążymy się na dobre przestraszyć – mijają nas trzy potężne dziki i wpadają do lasu. I za chwilę słyszymy pochrząkiwanie, trzask łamanych gałązek, szuranie, mlaskanie, chrupanie… Podchodzimy ostrożnie bliżej – i widzimy, jak dziki zebrały się wokół ściętego pniaka i przerzucają swoimi ryjkami ziemię i wyjadają żołędzie, chrząszcze, larwy i korzonki.
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This article discusses the extreme environmental conditions of life, namely the low and high temperatures, hot climate of desert, cold climate North and South Poles, conditions of deep water of oceans. There are the examptes of special ecosystems as the Vida lake in Antarctica, hydrothermal vents, or geysers. The living organisms, particularly the microorganisms, evolved in these conditions have developed specific features. Cosmic sources of life on Earth has also been taken into consideration in the article.
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The review of: Potencjał szkoły w tworzeniu więzi ze środowiskiem by Inetta Nowosad, Ewa Karmolińska-Jagodzik (red.); Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Humanistycznej im. Króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego, Leszno 2013, 256 s.
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The paper deals with the issue of forest kindergartens as presented in the German concept of Waldkindergarten. This concept makes a new way of thinking about child pedagogy. These kindergartens are designed to support the child in its creative process along the fact to encourage the child to further explore the surrounding nature. These specific institutions might be regarded as an answer to the challenges of modern childhood, in which the child is exposed to a toxic environment. This very toxicity could be regarded also metaphorically as a pollution of the mind through media and technology.
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The main objective of this paper is the evaluation of land use in the areas exposed to flooding in Szadek commune, in respect of the potential loss of property. 1% water area was accepted as area exposed to floods, as designated in the Study of the conditions and directions of spatial development of Szadek commune. The assessment of tangible losses was carried out under the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment, the Minister of Transport, Construction and Marine Economy, the Minister of Administration and Digitalization and the Minister of Internal Affairs as of 21 December 2012 on elaboration of flood hazard maps and flood risk maps. Potential losses were assessed on the basis of land use analysis, using Topographic Data Base. Land use and material damage were presented using GIS methods. It was found that, within areas exposed to floods, the highest material losses are generated by services, production and residential areas, located mainly along the Pichna and the Pisia rivers. The largest surface within surveyed region is occupied by areas free from buildings, i.e. grassland, arable land and forests (44%, 38%, 15%, respectively). The analysis of flood risk levels is of a great importance as it enables authorities to conduct a suitable anti-flood protection policy.
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The goal of this article is to assess transport accessibility from fire brigades to objects located within the flood hazard zone in the district of Zduńska Wola. To determine the areas exposed to floods, flood hazard maps and planning documents were used, including the study of the conditions and directions of spatial development. On this basis, the objects located within areas exposed to floods were identified, using the Topographic Objects Database. This database was also used to locate the fire brigade units, operating within the National Rescue and Firefighting System in the analyzed district and neighboring municipalities. To carry out the analysis of the transport accessibility, data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and a tool for network analysis in the ArcGis were employed. It was found that within the flood hazard areas in the surveyed municipalities are 514 buildings. 41 of these objects can be accessed from the municipal units of the fire brigade in up to 8 minutes, and 79 buildings can be reached in up to 15 minutes. In the case of flood, the remaining buildings can be reached in up to 15 minutes from the voluntary fire brigades.
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Social forces are the constantly changing process with social changes. Due to the special social development history in Taiwan, the social forces induced by past social movements present the transformation tendency towards communities so that the social forces in the reconstruction of communities present the characteristics of social movements. Based on the marine conservation process in Green Island, social forces are divided into the stage of pain and threat (2004- 2007), the stage of transformation (2008-2011), and the stage of participation (after 2012). Each stage stands for the effects of the transformation of social forces on the marine conservation in Green Island and presents professionalization and systemization. Under the demands for professionalization and systemization, the intervention of nonprofit organizations is essential for the reconstruction of communities. The idea of local intermediary organization is therefore introduced in this study to explain the feasibilities of the system in permanently counseling a community developing the social forces.
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The article analyses the significance – from the presentday perspective – of the architecture of the Polish People’s Republic, the ways of its interpretations by the mass media, a description of the journalistic schemes and arguments concerning its present fate. The starting point of the analyses is an assumption that the function of architecture, landscape architecture and spatial planning is creation and materialisation of a specific vision of the society and its social organization. The article is based on an analysis of a mass media discourse of one event, a press debate – taking place in the local mass media – on the demolition of the main hall of the Katowice Railway Station. The questions that have appeared indicate – according to the author – different social aspects of social attitude towards the architecture created in the years 1945–1989.
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Priroda nije statična pa reagira na djelovanja ljudi. Uz učinke ljudskog djelovanja na prirodu, ulazimo na temeljni stupanj povijesti okoliša koji obuhvaća prirodnu povijest odnosno okoliš i prirodu u prošlosti. Ovaj stupanj bavi se razumijevanjem same prirode i prirodnog svijeta, a uključuje klimu, reljef, biljni svijet, životinjski svijet i mikroorganizme.
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Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi da li pravo na zaštitu životne sredine spada u ljudska prava, da li u pravo na životnu sredinu spadaju prava budućih generacija, te kakav je odnos prava na životnu sredinu i ostalih ljudskih prava. Naglasak je stavljen na odnos između prava na informaciju i prava na zdravu životnu sredinu, te prava na privatnu svojinu i prava na zdravu životnu sredinu. Izneseni su argumenti da se pravo na zdravu životnu sredinu može smatrati osnovnim ljudskim pravom, te da je ono usko povezano s pravima budućih generacija. Bez obzira na paradoksalnu situaciju ostvarivanja prava budućih generacija, ima smisla brinuti se o njima. Različit je odnos među ljudskim pravima i pravom na zdravu životnu sredinu. Između jednih postoji sinergetski odnos, neki drugi su u koliziji, a rijetki su neutralni jedno naspram drugog. Pravo na životnu sredinu i zakoni vezani s njim bitno utiču na modificiranje čovjekovog ponašanja naspram životne sredine, na način da se sprječava degradacija životne sredine, pa stoga treba raditi na njihovom proširivanju. Kao jedna od najznačajnijih politika Evropske unije je zaštita životne sredine, koja zauzima posebno mjesto u Nacionalnom programu za integraciju Crne Gore u Evropsku uniju (NPI) za period 2008-2012. godine, čime će Crna Gora u utvrđenim rokovima morati ispuniti standarde Evropske unije u ovoj oblasti.
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Hospitality businesses influence the sustainability of their natural environment by consuming significant amounts of natural resources. Restaurant industry employs one in every three retail workers and consumes one-third of all retail electricity use and almost 30% of all meals were eaten away from home, last year. This study attempted to identify the most important benefits obtained from green practices implementation and which are the basic environmental practices that can be adopted by the organizations in order the improve their image and reduce their costs. Moreover, our research has been undertaken in parallel with worldwide existing trends in order to better understand the direction in which green restaurants are moving. This study results inventories the main environmental practices and actions that can be implemented in restaurants.
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