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The paper draws attention to a manuscript of a Czech translation of the Old Testament from the 15th century from the estate of Litoměřice Bishop Emanuel Ernest of Waldstein (1716–1789), kept today in the Waldstein Collection in the State Regional Archives in Litoměřice.
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This article deals with Hussitica in the manuscript collection of the industrialist and bibliophile Otokar Kruliš-Randa (1890-1958). The basis of his collection consisted of Mikulov Dietrichstein library manuscripts. This library was – after purchase of about one fourth of the entire collection by the Czechoslovak state – auctioned in 1933 and 1934. Kruliš-Randa won several dozen medieval codices, of which fifteen are Hussitica, in particular works of Jan Hus, Jakoubek of Stříbro and also of the second generation of Czech Utraquists. The article provides an overview of Hussitica and discusses the hypothesis that the Protestant nobleman Ferdinand Hoffmann of Grünbüchel (1540-1607) is credited for the acquistion of these codices for the later Mikulov library. Only five Hussitica from the late Mikulov library that were without any doubt in his ownership are now scattered in different manuscript collections. Selling off the three-quarters of the manuscript collection of the Mikulov chateau, in the opinion of the author constituted a great cultural loss that even a partial reconstruction of the former collection cannot heal.
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The Strahov manuscript DE IV 23 has preserved and included, apart from a Hus´s and an anonymous holiday postil, also a collection of other texts by an anonymous author. It is an interpretation of a part of chapters 24 and 25 of the St. Matthew´s Gospel, completed with an interpretation of a part of three chapters of the old Testament Book of Job. The Jobian anonymous sermons are similar to the Book of Job Latin interpretations by Master Jakoubek of Stříbro (Jacobellus de Misa) in their form and content, but the evidence for Jakoubek´s authorship cannot be proved. The anonymous interpretation of the Book of Job might have originated before the Hussite Revolution broke out and although it is based on the traditional authority of the Moralia by Gregory the Great, it is unambiguously indebted to the Hussite Movement but not to its radical stream.
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This article deals with Codex 34/42 of the Brno St. James Library held by the Brno Municipal Archive. The manuscript contains the complete text of the New Testament, pericopes ofthe Gospels and Epistles, a short Latin-Czech dictionary of „difficult words“ of the NT, anda part of the Old Testament. Verses reading Salvete plus decies may have been added to themanuscript shortly after it originated. It has been found that these verses are not one whole –they represent two medieval poems – a greeting and an elogium dedicated to the priesthood.The Brno wording is rather rare; hence, the article brings an edition of it as well as a translationinto Czech.
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This article deals with a legacy report of six books to the Augustinian Canon monastery inTřeboň which was written down in the years 1460–1468 by Martin of Třeboň, a physician.Two of the manuscripts were identifi ed in the holding of the National Library of the CzechRepublic today and moreover, further manuscripts belonging to Martin not mentioned in thelegacy were found. Th ey are also held by the National Library of the Czech Republic and by the National Library in Vienna. Another codex belonging to the same owner may be held by the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Th e contents of the manuscripts indicate that Martin intended to build up his library as an expert reference library with special regard to medicine and natural sciences but it also contained manuscripts of other branches.
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The Krakow Missale has been supposed to originate at the end of the 15th century but its ornaments refer to the Czech book painting of the first half of the 15th century. The antiphonary of Zbigniew Oleśnicki plays an important role in this context. The local ornaments are the work of a workshop specialist undoubtedly of the Czech origin. The identic ornamental system of the Krakow missale shows that the manuscript is the work of the workshop of the Antiphonary of Zbigniew Oleśnicki. The Krakow missale can therefore be supposed to be dated as of 1520.
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This contribution brings a critical edition of a short treatise by Jakoubek of Stříbro and ranks the work among the eldest utraquist works – it originated in August 1414 most probably. Articulus brings evidence that the most important auctoritas of the time when the idea of the cup originated was the vers of Paul´s 1. epistle to the Corinthians Probet autem se ipsum homo and it is a relevant testimony of Matěj´s of Janov influence on the origin of utraquism.
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This study presents for the first time in detail two manuscripts dealing with the beginnings of the Unitas Fratrum which are in the holdings of the Benedictine Library in Seitenstetten in Austria. Manuscript 72, dating from the beginning of the nineties of the 15th century, contains Latin translations of five letters written by the Czech Brethren to Jan Rokycana from 1489, which have been unknown till now and excerpts from five introductory chapters of the Síť víry (The Net of Faith) by Petr Chelčický, also translated into Latin in 1477. Manuscript 302 contains a copy of the record of an interrogation of four prominent Brethren in Klodzko in 1480. This article indicates the possibilities of studying these texts, focusing on three main points: on their possible contribution to text tradition research, on research of the circumstances of the origin of their translations, and on the person of the scribe who made the collection. From the possible persons the inquisitor Jindřich Institoris has been excluded as his autograph doesn´t correspond with the writing of the scribe being looked for.
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This article focuses on the murals painted on the Kadaň monastery church chancel’s southern wall. It analyses the images from the point of view of their function in terms of the transformation of iconography, the typology of donor scenes over time, and the role of images in a sepulchral context. It identifies the depictions of the founder Jan Hasištejnský of Lobkovice and his son Jaroslav from the period between 1512–1517. The necropolis´s decoration and furnishings attempted to combine various demands and functions related to distinct time periods and diverse recipients. It also reflected models from the court of the Saxon Elector Frederick III the Wise. However, the case of Kadaň was not simply a matter of combining the existing conventions donor-depiction, but an active conceptualization and conscious anticipation of the various functions of the image and its overall structured strategy.
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A previously unknown Biblical fragment has recently been discovered in Leipzig. It comes from the Chapter Library of St Peter’s Cathedral in Bautzen. The parchment folio in Old Czech with diacritics contains parts of St Paul’s Epistle to the Colossians; from the 16th century, it functioned as a binding of a theological manuscript. The author describes the newly discovered fragment and compares the wording of the fragments in two tables with the latest German translation of the Luther Bible and a Czech translation in the so-called Bible of Olomouc.
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The treatise De tribus dubiis written by John Hus in 1412 is currently listed in the records of seven manuscripts. Other manuscripts were known more than one hundred years ago but were not included in more recent inventories because they contained a shorter version of the text. However, they contain the wording of the second redaction of Hus’s treatise and are inseparable from the tractate. The number of extant manuscripts has thus increased to twelve.
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This paper deals with the sermon of Jakoubek of Stříbro on the day of Saint Wenceslaus from 1413. The author analyzes it in relation to its model, which is Jakoubek’s earlier sermon, and draws attention to the significant influence of this sermon on Utraquist preaching about Saint Wenceslaus.
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MS Prague, National Library of the Czech Republic, X H 9 contains anonymous treatises dealing with the issue of universals, confusion, consequences, signification, reference, properties of terms and propositions, restrictions, obligations. Nevertheless, one of the extant tract (Disputata confusionum, on ff. 76r–92r) is attributed to the Prague Realist Štěpan of Paleč (d. 1423). In 1970, František Šmahel proposed a thesis concerning Paleč as an author of these works, i.e. Commentarius in I–IX capitula tractatus De universalibus Johannis Wyclif on ff. 1r–68v, De suppositionibus on ff. 92v–95r, Notabiliora confusionum on ff. 95r–97v, Notabiliora consequentiarum on ff. 98r–101r, Notabiliora super Billingham on ff. 101r–108v, and Collecta obligationum on ff. 109r–111v. The first part of the study provides a content analysis and comparison of Paleč’s quaestio Utrum universalia habeant solum nude pure esse in intellectu divino vel praeter operationem intellectus creati subsistant realiter in propria forma and his Argumenta de universalibus realibus with the anonymous Commentarius in I–IX capitula tractatus De universalibus Johannis Wyclif preserved in the manuscript and published in 2009. Nine evident cases of intertextuality, along with further apparent borrowings, provide proof of evidence for Paleč’s authorship of the commentary. The second part of the study presents the palaeographical and context analysis along with contextualisation of other treatises (De suppositionibus, Notabiliora confusionum, Notabiliora consequentiarum, Notabiliora super Billingham, and Collecta obligationum). The determined cross-references between them have revealed that all texts, together with Disputata confusionum, comprise Paleč’s parva logicalia circle of treatises from 1391 and 1393 heavily reliant on English logic textbooks (Richard Billingham, William Heytesbury, Richard Ferrybridge or Richard Brinkley). The extant treatises derive from Štěpan’s lectures on logic held at the Prague Faculty of Arts during the early 1390s. All texts shed new light into the context and process of John Wyclif’s proliferation in late medieval Bohemia.
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In this essay, I examine how people with business and political interest on both sides of Austrian–Hungarian border, sometimes even in royal courts, could survive in spite of the rather capricious relationship between Hungarian kings and Habsburg rulers in the second half of the fifteenth century and the early sixteenth century. Most of them sought a solution that would enable them to keep the estates and the positions they had already acquired. This “double loyalty” was practically impossible in the midst of the war between Matthias Corvinus and Frederick III, Holy Roman emperor: very few of the figures in question managed to maintain attachments to both sides. A window of opportunity opened with the Peace of Pressburg in 1491, when the two parties recognized the possibility of service in the neighboring ruler’s service. Although the peace treaty did not alter the significant shrinking of the camp supporting the Habsburg claim to the throne, which had been relatively large in the time of the 1490–91 Austro-Hungarian War, from the 1490s on and in strikingly large numbers from the mid-1510s, more and more people could be found whose activities made plainly clear that they were not exclusive in their loyalties: they were quite able to serve two masters at the same time.
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The date of the introduction of the proclaimed congregation (proclamata congregatio generalis) has so far been wrongly defined, and its essence misinterpretated. This legal procedure was introduced in 1397, and abolished in 1486. It was applied in cases of acts of might committed within a year. If the complaint was proved just, immediate satisfaction was due to the plaintiff. It was in order to prove the complaint that the proclaimed congregation was introduced as a means of inquisition. The origins of this procedure go back to the 1350s. The word “proclaimed” (proclamata) was used to refer to other congregations as well in the fourteenth century.
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From the philological perspective, the paper examines the letter of Stephen V Báthory (Ecsedi Bátori István in Hungarian), a court judge and Transylvanian duke from the time of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, sent from Buda on 1 May 1483 to the Turkish military commander and Smederevo Sandžak-beg Mihaloğlu Ali Bey. Báthory’s letter represents one of the rare testimonies of the use of the Serbian language and Cyrillic script in the diplomatic correspondence that Hungarian kings and their magnates exchanged with Turkish sultans and their officials during the 15th and 16th centuries. The letter belongs to a wider unpreserved diplomatic correspondence in the Serbian language in which disputes between Hungary and Turkey were being resolved after the collapse of the peace negotiations in 1478. In addition to the new edition of Báthory’s letter in the original script, the paper likewise explores its most important ortographic and linguistic features, yet always in the context of the use of Serbian as a diplomatic language in Hungarian court correspondence with Turkish sultans and military officials as well as in the broader context of Serbian office relations on the Hungarian court with the business and legal literacy of the Serbian Despotate.
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Codex Monacensis Graecus 307a contains several marginal notes in addition to Laonikos Chalkokon- dyles’ historical work. One of these notes was written by Nikolaos Malaxos. In this he describes how Theodoros, the despot of Mistra sold certain cities to the Venetians and to the monks from Rhodes. The same note made by the same hand can be found word for word in another manuscript of Chalkokon- dyles’ tradition marked Escorialensis Graecus 243 (Y-I-4) . The aim of the present paper is to examine Chalkokondyles’ passage in question and the text of Malaxos’ marginal note, and to propose a minor suggestion regarding the manuscript tradition of Chalkokondyles.
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La viile de Botoşani se trouve au NE de la province de Moldavie dans la „Piaine de Jijia"; elle est la capitale du departement avec la meme nom. Les restes osseux trouves appartiennent aux mammiferes: les taurins (Bos taurus), les ovins (Ovis aries), les porcins (Sus domesticus) et le sanglier (Sus scrofa ferus) - voir le tableau 2 avec leurs frequence.
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The aim of the article is to analyse a narrative by Jan Długosz on sinful proclivities of Władysław, King of Poland and Hungary, which were to result in the defeat of the Christian army at the battle of Varna in November 1444. First and foremost, an attempt was made to explain words used by the chronicler to describe sexual practices attributed to the young ruler. Then, the remaining components and construction of the entire analysed fragment of the Annals were examined. In order to understand Długosz’s account, references were made to biblical and Christian symbolism, and to other, similar passages in the work by the Cracow’s canon.
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In medieval warfare, despite technological advances, the provision of supplies to troops was a fundamental issue. Logistics has always been a central aspect of large-scale armed combat. Yet, despite its undeniable importance, surprisingly little is known about it. To some extent, therefore, this gap is filled by Christine de Pisan’s work Le Livre des fais d’armes et de chevalerie. It contains valuable informations with regard especially to the material conditions of warfare and the related art of siege.
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