„Der Börsejud als Übermensch“ oder Anton Kuhs Anamnese der jüdischen Moderne und deren Rezeption in Prag

Author(s): Walter Schübler / Language(s): German Issue: 01+02/2015

In his essay “Juden und Deutsche” (Jews and Germans, 1921), which caused a sensation, Anton Kuh (1890–1941) conceptualizes a third model of Jewish identity to counter the formulaic alternative of Jewish modernity, i.e. assimilation or Zionism. In this model he reframes the extraterritoriality of the diaspora into a cosmopolitan mission. Two of his impromptu speeches, in which he presents his provocative theses, cause a sensation in Prague society; and Max Brod uses the occasion to champion the “creative thinker” Anton Kuh, while Felix Weltsch attests to the “malicious exploring eye” of Kuh’s “astonishing unveilings.”

Der andere Kisch. Der Literaturhistoriker und -kritiker Paul Kisch (1883–1944)

Author(s): Václav Petrbok / Language(s): German Issue: 01+02/2015

This paper looks at the life and work of Paul Kisch (1883–1944), the literary historian, critic and journalist and older brother of Egon Erwin Kisch. The study draws mostly on primary sources including published letters, articles, and books. At the center of this study is an analysis of Kisch’s connections to German and Austrian politicians and writers from the 1910’s to 1930’s, as well as of his Jewish position and loyalty to the German nationalist community to which he himself belonged.

SOCIALINĖ IR KULTŪRINĖ VILNIAUS FILOMATŲ IR FILARETŲ SAVIREFLEKSIJA ‚PAGAL IMPERATORIŠKOJO VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO STUDENTŲ TARDYMO BYLŲ PROTOKOLUS: 1823 M. RUGPJŪČIO 1 D.…1824 M. BALANDŽIO 27 D.‡

Author(s): Reda Griškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 33/2014

Alfred Klaar: berlínské reflexe rodných končin

Author(s): Michal Topor / Language(s): Czech Issue: 27/2017

The aim of the paper is to develop at least a part of a voice which is still difficult to understand in the Czech language environment, the voice of the others, (ex-rivals), the ‘expelledʼ, and to anchor it in the work and politics of remembering, registering and writing history of one specific author (we are talking about the continuity of perspective: about fidelity to images, local mythology, its logic). For thirty years, Alfred Klaar (born as Karpeles in 1848 in Prague) co-established Prague discourse in German language from various positions (as a journalist, theatre critic, representative of various societies, ceremony speaker, associate professor of the local German polytechnic etc.). When he moved to Berlin in July 1899, he was almost fifty-one years old. He left his home (both in the narrow sense of the word, as well as the wider sense of ‘Austrian homeʼ, so important to him), but he always kept the world he had lived in for so long in his mind and preserved many links with it in spite of the geographical distance. He also returned to his homeland on various occasions (funerals and other ceremonies, lectures) and he also remained talked about primarily among the Prague German circles; as a piece of memorabilia he was dusted and remembered in stories, and at the same time rightfully seen and honoured as a foreign envoy and speaker of compatriot cultural and political interests. Klaar spoke about Prague, his ‘father townʼ, and the lands near the Prussian border through the history of the German-speaking enclave, while Czechs only occurred sporadically in his retrospect writing. He repeated his thesis about an environment destroyed by ‘Slavic egoismʼ and belligerence, he spoke of the role of the German community in Czech lands as a heroic cultural mission, ungratefully displaced by the dominant policy of Czechisation in the second half of the 19th century, which strived to ‘impress upon the city a unilateral Slavic characterʼ. Only with reluctance did he adapt to the factual geopolitical development — he saw the post-war situation of the German minority in Czechoslovakia as a continuation of unfair marginalisation of his fellow countrymen.

„Mi tagadás, nem tartoztam a szorgalmas tanulók közé”. Horthy Miklós a fiumei Haditengerészeti Akadémián

Author(s): Dávid Turbucz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2019

A good number of publications have been devoted to the political role of Miklós Horthy in the period between 1919 and 1944. About his earlier life, however, and especially about his career in the Marine Corps from 1882 and 1918, very little has been written so far from a purely scientific perspective. The present paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the studies of Miklós Horthy at the Naval Academy of Fiume. As the period between 1882 and 1886, when he studied there, determined his later promotion, an examination of it is highly justifiable.

Eszmék és ágyúk kereszttüzében

Author(s): Zoltán Györe,Attila Pfeiffer / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

We can rightly rank Count Istvan Szechenyi to the greatest people of the Hungarian history. His political career in the first half of the 19th century, in the Hungarian reform era (1825–1848) demonstrated that with intelligence, perseverance, hard work and unselfish patriotism it is possible to achieve great results. With Szechenyi’s efforts Hungary began to develop both on economic and cultural field in the Habsburg Monarchy. He set a hard example to prosperity, but even more dignified. During his journeys he travelled about most part of Europe: from England to Turkey, including Serbia as well. Due to his activities was established the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Chain Bridge was set up, the transportation infrastructure has developed, primarily the steam boating and the regulation of the flow of waters. Likewise he was the person responsible for transformation of the sub-Danube and the Iron Gates, which enabled the development of shipping and trade.

Počeci hrvatskog sporta u Habsburškoj monarhiji

Author(s): Alojz Ivanišević / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 9/2021

Modern sport began to develop in Croatia in the seventies of the 19th century under the influence of events in Vienna, Prague and Budapest. The close link between sport, politics and national ideologies in Croatia and other South Slavic countries was a reflection of the situation in the central, socio-political, economic and culturally highly developed parts of the Danube Monarchy and the rest of Europe. The development of modern sport in Croatia and through-out the South Slavic region was significantly contributed by Sokol movement, which under the leadership of Franjo Bučar led an ultimately unsusuccessful struggle for Croatia`s sporting „independence“ — against the sporting and politically powerfull centres Vienna and Budapest.

A városi társadalom és a köztisztasági közművek közötti kapcsolatok a 19. században

Author(s): László Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2022

The social and economic changes that took place in the 19th century led to serious public health problems. The solution to the problems was the construction of a modern water supply and sewerage network. In Europe, however, the construction of these utilities has not been uniform. Implementation has been strongly influenced by political elites, economic actors, social transformations, and the pace of urban development. In this paper, I will present the relationships between water supply, sewerage, and urban society.

Az abszolutizmus kora

Author(s): Tibor Martí / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2021

Az abszolutizmus kora. Fejezetek a kora újkori Európa történetéből. Szerk.: Dévényi Anna – Forgó András – Gőzsy Zoltán. Pécs, Kronosz Kiadó, 2019. 148 p. (Árkádia Kiskönyvtár. Történelem, 3.)

Vegyes házasság és asszimiláció. Érvek a keresztény–zsidó házasság bevezetése mellett

Author(s): Miklós Konrád / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2021

This article assumes that the examination of political discourses on the reasons for introducing the possibility for Jews and Christians to enter into mixed marriages can be particularly fruitful in the study of the vision that the Christian Hungarian political and cultural elite had of the future of the Jews in Hungary. The article concludes that although this elite did not really allow itself to be explicit, it hoped that mixed marriages would gradually lead to the total disappearance of the Jewish minority.

„Ezen nemes, boldogtalan Nemzetnek sorsa és helyheztetése borzasztó!” Kisfaludy Sándor 1831-es beszéde a lengyelek ügyében

Author(s): Ágoston Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2021

Sándor Kisfaludy, a well-to-do nobleman and popular writer of his age, held in the early summer of 1831 at the assembly of Zala county a fiery speech dedicated to the anti-Russian Polish revolt that had erupted at the end of the previous year, and about the importance of which he had no doubts. Similarly to other counties, Zala addressed a latin petition to the ruler, and in 1832 instructed its representatives at the diet to act in order to provide help for the Polish nation. Kisfaludy’s speech has survived in two versions, one shorter, and another longer. It was the shorter that was presumably held before the assembly, while the longer was not only more radical in its argumentation, but also outlined an plan of action that proposed the use of military means alongside the diplomatic measures. Based on the textual variations, the analysis of Kisfaludy’s constitutionalist political thinking has revealed that for the political and social elite of the county nobility, alongside the primary value of manifesting their solidarity with the Poles, the November revolt also offerred an occasion for more general reflections on the current state of Hungary’s constitutional position and the international political situation.

Szempontok az 1848-as püspöki kar politikai arculatának meghatározásához

Author(s): Csaba Fazekas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2021

The paper deals with the problem of how can one describe the political attitude of the Roman Catholic bishops in the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence in 1848 and 1849. The so-called “bishops’ conference” in the middle of the nineteenth century was a non-institutionalized but very important leading and governing circle of the Roman Catholic Church. The paper examines the potential members of the bishops’ conference and tries to characterize how the high clergymen related to the new liberal Hungarian government and the events of the war until the end of the year 1848. The conclusion based on the sources is that the Roman Catholic bishops accepted the new political system but represented the position of conservative opposition.

The Austro-Sardinian War (1859) and the Seven Weeks’ War (1866) in Habsburg Schoolbooks

Author(s): Yulia But / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Habsburg government had a very complicated task of inventing some form of supranational identity as an alternative to nationalist programs in Cisleithania. It sought to craft this supranational identity first and foremost as part of the self-images of schoolchildren as future citizens. One of the major ways to create and solidify a notion of a common “Austrian” identity in school history classes was to highlight the Habsburg wars, triumphal and bloody battles, and military heroes as reminders of an integrated supranational past. Official instructions obliged teachers to emphasize the “heroic times of Austria,” its “glorious battles,” and its “valiant wars,” as emphasis on these episodes of the past, it was hoped, would further the development of “the idea of the integrated statehood in Austria.” In this article, I offer an example of this cult of the Austrian wars in school education by the ways in which the wars fought during the early period of Francis Joseph’s rule, namely, the Sardinian war of 1859 and the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866, were taught to later generations of schoolchildren. Ironically, the fact that Austria lost these wars was humiliating. Nevertheless, during the late period of Francis Joseph’s rule, narratives and visual depictions of the events of these wars in schoolbooks strongly contributed to the formation of a heroic image of the Austrian army and to the idea of just Habsburg rule. I focus in my discussion first on how the accounts of the wars in schoolbooks deviated from the historical facts and, second, on how these accounts nonetheless furthered the emergence of the “Austrian” identity.

Szörnyeteg Felső-Magyarországon: Grünwald Béla és a szlovák–magyar kapcsolatok története

Author(s): Ágoston Berecz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Szörnyeteg Felső-Magyarországon: Grünwald Béla és a szlovák–magyar kapcsolatok története [A monster in Upper Hungary: Béla Grünwald and the history of Slovak–Hungarian relations]. By József Demmel. Budapest: Ráció, 2021. 283 pp. / Ľudožrút v Hornom Uhorsku: Príbeh Bélu Grünwalda. Bratislava: VEDA, 2020. 288 pp.

Powiązania familijno-majątkowe rodzin ziemiańskich Królestwa Polskiego i ziem zabranych na przykładzie małżeństw Rodryga hr. Potockiego i Augusta hr. Ostrowskiego z siostrami Niezabitowskimi

Author(s): Aleksandra Staniszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2020

Despite the changes which took place in nineteenth-century societies, the elite still had a conservative worldview. The elite did not want to maintain relations with people outside the establishment. Consequently, partners for marriage were sought within the social stratum. Limited possibilities of getting to know a candidate for marriage in the Kingdom of Poland led to get married with people from outside the Kingdom of Poland. Examples of such relationships are the marriages of the Niezabitowski sisters, who came from “lost lands”, with the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Poland: Rodryg Potocki and August Ostrowski.

ОД РЕВОЛУЦИЈЕ И УТОПИЈЕ ДО ТРАДИЦИЈЕ И РЕЦЕПЦИЈЕ — Сен-Симоново мишљење о најбољој влади, од 1814 —

Author(s): Dragoljub Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/1989

Socialists-utopians had as a rale a tendency to neglect the questions of political organization of society. Saint-Simon only partially departs from 'that rule, since in 1814, by the end of the revolutionary period, he treated the issues of the best constitution and the best government. That author opted for the parlamentary system in a study in 1814 — — which is the subject-matter of the present article — as the best from of organization of power. Moreover, he recommended the general adoption, i. e. reception of that form, while emphasizing only that such model had to be adapted to the conditions in the recipient country. Saint-Simon was a nobleman who at the begining had been a revolutionary, then a Bonapartiste, and — in his work in 1814 — an adherent of the parliamentary government. This is why his political belief remained uncertain.

Juan Prim y Prats (1814–1870) – Egy rendszerváltás szimbóluma, Spanyolország ambiciózus katonapolitikusa

Author(s): Viktória Semsey / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

The military and political career of Juan Prim accompanies Spanish history through the reign of Isabella II and the decline of moderate liberals to the emergence of the democratic monarchy (1834–1870). Prim, who became a general at a young age, did not graduate from a military academy but earned his rank by standing out in direct battles. In the Carlist Civil War (1834–1840), he supported the cause of Isabella II and the liberals against absolutism. He was consistently involved in national politics, using the diversity of liberal parties to further his personal ambitions. Prim’s military revolts led to the revolution of 1868, and he became prime minister for his recognition of the necessary changes in the political situation of the country. In 1870, he fell victim to a political assassination.

Széchenyi-levelek nyomában

Author(s): Szilvia Czinege / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

The rich and diverse correspondence of count István Széchenyi is today located in a number of public collections, the mapping of which was indispensable for the preparation of a critical edition. The availability of almost 5000 letters written by Széchenyi today is to a great extent due to the fact that the count himself kept his papers in order, and the family also employed an archivist for the management of the archives. Today, the majority of the Széchenyi letters are preserved in the Hungarian National Archives and the Manuscript Collection of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, but further letters are dispersed in various Hungarian and foreign archives and museums as well. The paper presents all the public collections where such letters are kept, and, if possible, also the circumstances in which these got there.

A tunéziai állam szolgája és száműzöttje

Author(s): Zsolt Palotás / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

Oualdi, M’hamed: A Slave between Empires: A Transimperial History of North Africa. New York, Columbia University Press, 2020. XIII, 230 p.

Materializing Imperial Rule? Nature, Environment, and the Middle Class in Habsburg Central Europe

Author(s): Wolfgang Goderle / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

New imperial history has fundamentally transformed our understanding of empires and questioned established certainties with regard to paths of state building and state formation. This challenge has proved fruitful for historians of Austria-Hungary, as it has led to a new perception of the Dual Monarchy as a sometimes innovative and in certain regards even progressive polity. The observation that nature and environment became more closely entangled with imperial rule and politics in the nineteenth century and had an impact on common notions of what modern empire actually was serves as a starting point for this study. Along three representative repositories of imperial knowledge—Czoernig’s Ethnographische Karte (1857), the Hungarian Czigányösszeirás eredményei (1893), and the catalogue accompanying one part (the Austrian) of the Habsburg contribution to the 1900 exposition universelle—it shows how new spheres of the non-human became entangled with imperial polities and were transformed into resources with which to further the imperial project. These three examples, I argue, are just three minor elements against a larger discursive backdrop that slowly furthered the embodiment of a notion of modern empire, which featured the improvement of the natural environment as a constitutive aspect of its exercise of power. Consequentially, this raises the question of a cui bono, placing the focus on a considerably large body of imperial civil service, not only in charge of this operation but also functioning as the driving force behind it. I understand the middle-class officials who made up the administration as the imperial intermediaries identified by new imperial history, and I shed light on the diversity of this increasingly important social class, a diversity which resulted from the ongoing engagement and subtle participation of middle-class civil-servants in the imperial project. I also keep a close eye on the resources they could mobilize, particularly expert knowledge. I seek to further a more nuanced understanding of the social transformation that Austria-Hungary’s imperial project underwent in the long nineteenth century as this distinctive polity (Austria-Hungary) relied on the middle classes as central imperial intermediaries who furthered the modernization of the Dual Monarchy by fostering specific sets of values and furthering the use of resources the appropriation and exploitation of which have left lasting marks in Central European mentalities.