Filiala Basarabeană a Societății Biblice Ruse și difuzarea cărților sfinte (la 200 de ani de la fondare)

Author(s): Maria Danilov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: X/2017

Bessarabia, part of the tsarist empire (after the seizure of the territory in 1812), was pushed gradually towards a forced assimilation/integration to Russia’s social-political life. The immediate impact of the annexation was marked by the social-political and ecclesiastical crisis of the 19th century’s first three decades: migrations of the population, plague and cholera epidemics, shortages and poverty. The phenomenon was later compared to “le Grande Peur” of 1789 during the French Revolution because the local population’s fear of the sudden changes was as great as in France. The later development of the province was a tormenting process of adaptation by which the Bessarabian Romanian society tried to conform to the conditions of the foreign social, political, cultural, and ecclesiastical environment of the empire. Political division was followed arbitrarily by an administrative-religious rupture due to the creation of a new eparchy in the annexed territory – the Eparchy of Chişinǎu and Khotyn, subordinated canonically/anti-canonically to a foreign Church. Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni (1813-1821) who led the newly created eparchy in the annexed territory had to look for a compromise to reconcile the Russian political and ecclesiastical domination with the spiritual life of the Bessarabian people. The scholarly activity of the Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni was situated “between tradition and the tsarist policy”. Against the background of these phenomena of social and political crisis in the new province incorporated into the Russian Empire, the Bessarabian Branch of the Bible Society founded in 1817. The Bessarabian Branch of the Russian Bible Society was created and the distribution of the books of the Holy Scripture with missionary aims was done in accordance with a model directed by the Bible Committee of Saint Petersburg, which means, it followed a structure identical with the central one which, in turn, functioned according to a foreign model (the British and Foreign Bible Society).

Kordokumentumnak beillő feljegyzések

Author(s): Csaba Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2018

Márki Sándor naplói. I. 1872–1892. Szerkesztette és sajtó alá rendezte Erdész Ádám. Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Békés Megyei Levéltára, Gyula, 2015.

Kolozsvári kaszinók: egyenlőség, politikai semlegesség?

Author(s): László Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 08/2018

Due to its social composition, Kolozsvár/Cluj was an ideal breeding ground for the association movement emerging in the Reform Era. The association life in the city began to develop continuously until the Revolution of 1848, in the Era of Neoabsolutism a decline began, and after the Compromise of 1867, a new era of prosperity followed. In the initial period the associations declared ideals of equality, political neutrality, freedom and tolerance. However, later these ideals gradualy faded away. In this paper I intend to analyze the social-based contradictions and politically-colored conflicts that existed in the casinos. In addition, I pose the following question: how did the casino adopt the current political trends?

Natonek József, egy korai cionista portréja

Author(s): Michael K. Silber / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2-3/2018

Сопоставительный анализ взглядов Н. И. Костомарова и П. А. Кулиша об исторической роли и эпохе Богдана Хмельницкого

Author(s): Beáta Varga / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

N. Kostomarov’s views in the second half of the 19th century reflected the ambitions of the Ukrainian bourgeois-noble national circles that fought for the national autonomy of Ukraine within the framework of the Russian Empire. P. Kulish had slightly different views from those of Kostomarov: he called Khmelnytsky a selfish politician whose actions were only guided by his egotistic purposes. We can interpret Kulish’s work as a strong criticism of and attack on the democratic Ukrainian national movement that from the middle of the 19th century “discovered” and idealized Khmelnytsky and his movement.

Egy nemzeti hős megalkotása

Author(s): Páll Björnsson / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Jón Sigurðsson has been used as a model for the nationalist socialization of new and modern Icelanders for more than a century and a cult formed around him has been maintained up to the present through various manifestations of the images of him. He seems to have become an independent trademark, because those Icelanders, who have very limited knowledge of him, also embrace him as a unifying symbol. By focusing on a wide range of popular representations, this study analyzes how Sigurðsson’s public images have been utilized to shape an Icelandic national identity. It examines the process through which he emerged as a national icon, both in its textual and performative dimensions. Based on numerous and diverse sources, it elucidates how the collective memory of a singular figure played a formative role in the creation of a nation-state.

Egy katolikus angol utazónő Magyarországon. Julia Byrne nyugat-magyarországi emlékei 1867-ből

Author(s): Ildikó Dömötör / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

A szabadság köztársasága: a szabadok földje és a rabszolga otthona

Author(s): Peter S. Onuf / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Alexander Bach belügyminiszterségének mérlege

Author(s): Orsolya Manhercz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Georg Seiderer: Oesterreichs Neugestaltung. Verfassungspolitik und Verwaltungsreform im österreichischen Neoabsolutismus unter Bach 1849–1859. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2015. (Studien zur Geschichte der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. Hrsg. vom Institut für Neuzeit und Zeitgeschichtsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band XXXIV.) 553 oldal

Egyháztörténet szabadságharcos nézőpontból

Author(s): József Solymosi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Molnár Ferenc: A Munkácsi Egyházmegye 1848–1849-ben. Tanulmányok és kronológia. Szent Atanáz Görögkatolikus Hittudományi Főiskola, Nyíregyháza, 2014. 220 oldal

Żegluga śródlądowa w Królestwie Polskim (1815–1830) a polityka gospodarcza ministra skarbu, księcia Franciszka Ksawerego Druckiego-Lubeckiego

Author(s): Karol Karczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The purpose of this research is presenting main actions undertaken over the period 1821–1830 by prince Xawery Drucki-Lubecki to develop inland waterway transport of the Kingdom of Poland staying in a personal union with Russian Empire. This has been done by examining questions such as Lubecki’s negotiations with prussian government concerning a tariff, and some of his ideas designed to pull together a regional cooperation with the Russian Empire (an alternative way of transport by means of light wagons and construction of the Augustów Canal). Another question mentioned in the research is the role of a waterway transport in the industrialisation process and in the salt trade in the Kingdom of Poland. A primary source of information used for the purpose of the research was the voluminous correspondence between Drucki-Lubecki and minister secretary state in Petersburg. Fact, that prince Drucki-Lubecki mentioned some of his aforesaid projects in his letters, shows their importance in the general plan of economic development of the Kingdom of Poland.

„Én nem tántorodhatom meg benne…” Görgei Artúr és Leiningen-Westerburg Károly tábornokok kapcsolata a szabadságharcban

Author(s): József Hajagos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2018

Conflicts between the military leaders of the War of Independence of 1848-49 were quite common. However, 31-year-old Artúr Görgei and 30-year-old Count Karl Leiningen- Westerburg formed a close friendship. They first met on 26 March 1849 at Poroszló, and despite their different backgrounds, Görgei made a good first impression on Leiningen. Görgei came from a gentry family, while Leiningen was the son of German aristocrats. Both of their immediate families had financial difficulties, and career as a military officer was a possible way to break out of this situation. However, Görgei left the military as a lieutenant in 1845, and first he started studying chemistry, then he became the manager of the domains of one of his aunts. Leiningen, who was an enthusiast of German national ideas, got married in 1844 and became a landowner in Hungary through his wife, Eliz Sissány. He wanted to retire to his lands and planned to leave the Habsburg military as a captain in 1848. The Revolution of 1848 and the war of self-defense following it changed both of their lives. Görgei began his service in the Hungarian Revolutionary Army as a captain in June 1848. His career advanced quickly, from November 1848 he was one of the most important leaders of the Hungarian army as a general. At the time of their first encounter, he was the commander of the VII Corps. Leiningen only volunteered to the Hungarian Minister of War in October 1848 because of the Serbian rebellion threatening his wife’s lands in Délvidék. He fought valiantly in the battles in Délvidék, even though he was treated with distrust. When he met Görgei he was a lieutenant colonel and one of the brigadiers of the III Corps. At the end of March 1849, Görgei was appointed temporary main commander of the Hungarian main army. Under his command, the Hungarian forces drove out the Austrians from the country in April, and in May they even managed to retake Buda. Görgei was the main commander, while Leiningen was one of the most successful and valiant subcommanders of the the successful counterattack. Their shared victories increased the two soldiers’ respect for each other, and their relationship evolved into friendship. They did all they could during the less successful summer campaign as well. On 20 June Leiningen assumed command of the III Corps, which consisted of excellent units, and he was soon promoted to the rank of major general. Leiningen considered Görgei his role model and identified with his political and military views. Görgei could always count on Leiningen’s support, even in the most difficult times. After the surrender to the Russians on 13 August, the Tsar could only secure the life of Görgei. The generals and officers handed over to the Austrians were court-martialed. Despite the accusations against Görgei Leiningen did not lose faith in his friends until his execution on 6 October.

A tábornok neje. Görgei Artúr felesége, Adèle Aubouin

Author(s): Róbert Hermann / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2018

Present study summarizes the life of Artúr Görgei’s wife, the Alsace-born Adéle Aubouin, based partially on the memoires of Mrs. Görgei, and partially on the family correspondences kept in the Hungarian public archives. The first chapter discusses the youth of the orphan Adéle Aubouin up to her marriage to Artúr Görgei. The two young people might have first met in 1845-1846. Görgei proposed to the woman who worked as a governess at that time in January 1848, they got married in March in Prague, then returned to the estate of Görgei’s aunt in Toporc. At the end of May Görgei went to Pest and joined the army. The second chapter looks at the period of Mrs. Görgei life between May 1848 and August 1849, when the young woman lived the life of an average army wife. They spent most of the War of Independence apart from each other. At the end of August 1849, when it became clear that Franz Joseph I will pardon Görgei, they set out together to his designated place of residence, Klagenfurt, Carinthia. After 1849 Görgei had little room for activity. Between 1849 and 1867 he lived under police surveillance in Klagenfurt, Carinthia, then in Viktring with his wife and two children Berta (1850-1934) and Kornél (1855-1933), who were born there. The third chapter examines this period. During these eighteen years his wife kept the family together, she was the one to help her husband get over his regular periods of despair and guilt. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise the wife facilitated the homecoming of Görgei as well, she even visited Ferenc Deák and Count Gyula Andrássy, the Prime Minister of Hungary. The Hungarian circles accepted the spirited woman. Furthermore, the son of Görgei’s former “hostess” at Világos, Antónia Szőgyén, the wife of János Bohus, got engaged to, then married their daughter, Berta Görgey. This year is the topic of the fourth chapter. However, the long exile and the excruciating return home eroded the couple’s relationship. Görgei came home in December 1867, and his wife in February 1868, but they lived separately for the most part. When their daughter’s marriage ended Görgei blamed his wife for this, among others. The fifth chapter discusses this. After 1875 we have no information about their relationship for about 20 years, but they had more or less regular correspondence from January 1893 until Adéle’s death. Görei even offered to move in together again. However, he did so on the condition that she stops supporting their son, Kornél financially. Mrs. Görgei died on 21 July 1900 in Lőcse, and she was buried in the graveyard of Toporc, in the parcel of the Görgey family. The sixth chapter discusses this period. The final chapter summarizes the complicated story of Mrs. Görgei’s memoires. At the end of her life she dictated her memoires to her son, Kornél, who sold the manuscript after his mother’s death, but the general’s brother, István Görgey managed to buy it back. He gave it to his nephew, Albert Görgey, who later lent the manuscript to Samu Kardos, a lawyer and amateur historiographer from Debrecen. Even though he put it down in writing that he won’t publish any parts of the manuscript without the permission of István and Albert, in 1911 he published a summarized translation of the work in the newspaper Az Est (The Evening) in 16 parts. The original manuscript has been lost since then, but due to this publication, the majority of the text is available to us.

Pethő Sándor találkozása Görgei Artúrral

Author(s): Géza Závodszky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2018

Sándor Pethő was one of the most important publicists of the period between the two World Wars. He is part of the national memory as the founder and editor in chief of the anti- Nazi newspaper Magyar Nemzet (Hungarian Nation). He received a thorough education in history as a student of Sándor Márki and the recipient of a state scholarship, his historical works drew a lot of attention in the 1920s and 30s. Pethő quickly developed sympathy for Artúr Görgei, the great figure of 1848-49, and he even visited him personally at Visegrád. From that point on he constantly studied the deeds and personality of the general of the War of Independence for more than 20 years in more and more accurate and deep works, until he wrote the– even to this day – only full biography of Artúr Görgei in 1930. While examining Pethő’s works on Görgei we can find connections to historiographic antecedents, as well as contemporary evaluations, and we can learn a lot about the changes in Görgei’s public image. As a supporter of independence, in the final years of dualism Pethő joined the moderate opposition based on the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867, the circle of Gyula Andrássy the Younger. After 1920 as a follower of Andrássy he was a legitimist, hoping for the restoration of the unity of the Danube basin. This is important to mention, because, sadly, the perception of Görgei has been influenced by the conflicts between political parties, and these changes and discrepancies can be seen in Pethő’s works as well.

Vécsey Károly gróf különös házassága

Author(s): Péter Zakar / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2018

A kiegyezés nemzeti és birodalmi látószögből

Author(s): Gábor Gyáni / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2017

Un student teolog la începuturile Universității din Iași: Constantin Erbiceanu (1860-1864)

Author(s): Leonidas Rados / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2012

In 1860, when the University of Iaşi started functioning, theological studies played a particular part among the projects of public education, being deemed vitally important for the preservation of the national essence and morality in a continuously changing society. One of the first students who enrolled in the Faculty of Theology was Constantin Erbiceanu, who later would become, together with more famous names like A.D. Xenopol and Nicolae Iorga, one of the Romanian historians who researched the Phanariote period and the Greek-Romanian cultural interferences more objectively than their predecessors, the Romanian Forty-Eighters. Coming from a family of priests, from the village of Erbiceni (near Iaşi), the young Constantin Erbiceanu had graduated, in 1858, from the Theological Seminary of Socola (with six grades) and had attended, for a short period, the Gymnasium of Iaşi; finding out that the University was to be opened, he enrols then as an “ordinary” student. The present paper follows the academic evolution of the future Hellenist, with a focus on the concrete conditions in which theological studies acquired their rightful place at the “National University”; it also focuses on his fellow students, his professors and the courses he attended, as well as on his graduation and even on his attempts to occupy, in 1864, one of the vacant chairs at the above-mentioned faculty.

O condică de documente din secolul al XIX-lea: martor al „desfacerii” arhivelor mănăstirilor din Bucovina

Author(s): Marius Chelcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The present paper is the continuation of the research started a few years ago, when, based on an inventory of the land property documents of the monasteries from Bukovina, made in the spring of 1805 by an Austrian commission, the author sought to follow the fate of the monastery archives after the establishment of the Orthodox Religious Fund of Bukovina and the decision to sell the estates that the monasteries from Bukovina had over the new border, within the new, diminished Principality of Moldavia. Now, on the basis of a register dated April 14, 1805, which is kept at the National Archives from Iași, another step was taken to reconstitute the process of the “fragmentation” of the monastery archives.

Działalność sióstr z anglikańskiego zgromadzenia Sisters of Bethany w Persji w latach 1890–1898 w kontekście relacji między Kościołem Anglii a Asyryjskim Kościołem Wschodu

Author(s): Marcin Rzepka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2018

The activity of the Anglican sisters from the Society of the Sisters of Bethany among the Assyrians in Persia during the years 1890–1898 was a part of the broader missionary project undertaken by the Archbishop of Canterbury – The Archbishop of Canterbury’s Mission to the Assyrian Christians. The purpose of the mission was to support the Assyrian Church of the East by developing educational system and printing liturgical books. The article presenting the circumstances under which the sisters were sent to mission is focused on educational aspect of their work, it portrays the differences and uniqueness of their activity comparing it with missionary initiatives undertaken by the Presbyterians and Roman Catholics among the Assyrian people at that time.

Szemtanú és visszaemlékező. Kővári László az 1848–1849-es forradalom és szabadságharc forgatagában

Author(s): Ákos Egyed / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 08/2019