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Życie codzienne Anny Jagiellonki w latach 1564–1572

Author(s): Patrycja Czarnecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to reconstruct Anna Jagiellon’s everyday life in the light of her correspondence from the years 1564–1572. Due to her long life, the author focuses only on the short but stable period which began when she had moved to Warsaw in 1564 and ended when her brother, king Sigismund II Augustus, died. Daily life of the royal family member was strictly connected to the idea of a “royal court”. On the one hand, “the court” was defined as an organization consisting of officials, servants and others who were close to the princess but on the other hand, it was also the place where she lived. The article focuses on people who were mentioned in her letters, places where she spent most of her time and her everyday activities.

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Królewskie zdrowie – kondycja fizyczna Zygmunta III Wazy

Author(s): Martyna Góra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the health issue of Sigismund III Vasa – the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1587–1632) as well as King of Sweden (1592–1599). The main goal of the article is to indicate the impact of the aforementioned factor on the kingship. The article focuses on king’s diseases, their symptoms and treatment. The author analyzes monarch’s health since his birth until his death. As it turns out, health had a significant influence on the rule. Whether the king would be disposable or not depended on it.

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Życie codzienne bernardynów w XVIII i na początku XIX wieku. Wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Maciej Stawiski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Based on various historical sources, the article shows everyday life of Polish Franciscan friars in the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century. In comparison with other orders, it presents the alimentation, drinks, hygiene and everyday items used by friars. The main conclusion of the article is a constatation that friars predominantly dined on fat cuisine with plenty of meat and drank a lot of alcohol. The article also introduces the topic of hygiene and health. The monasteries, like all other places in the cities at that time, had bad sanitary conditions. The friars had problems with health, but they also used medical care. The article also shows us everyday items used by friars.

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Medyczne aspekty noszenia gorsetu w świetle badań historycznych i współczesnych

Author(s): Izabela Andrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The corset, popular from the 16th to the 20th century, was repeatedly accused of deteriorating women’s health. One of the main concerns among the public and in literature of that time was tightlacing (reducing one’s waist by more than 10 cm), which was believed to cause cancer, consumptions, scoliosis and many other, sometimes deathly, diseases. In order to find if the historical allegations are true, this paper compares the works of 17th to 20th century doctors and publicists, with medical examination of 21st century doctors. The progress of modern medicine excludes most of quoted conditions and clarifies when corsets were safe and when, improperly used, they were dangerous.

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Pobożność katolickich żołnierzy armii koronnej na podstawie testamentów oblatowanych w księgach grodzkich lubelskich w okresie wazowskim. Rekonesans źródłowy

Author(s): Izabela Śliwińska-Słomska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the issue of piousness of Catholic soldiers of the Crown Army in the Vasa period on the basis of their wills. Six professional soldiers’s wills entered in the books of the town court in Lublin in the years 1621–1655 were analysed. The sources made it possible to distinguish the attitude of soldiers towards God and death, as well as to analyse the records for religious purposes: churches, monasteries and charitable causes. The article also deals with the issue of money donated for masses for the souls of deceased soldiers.

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Życie codzienne oficerów i marynarzy Royal Navy na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

Author(s): Wiktor Stypczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Royal Navy was the backbone of Britain’s defence system for centuries. During the late 18th and early 19th century this led to a situation where it was in a state of constant war for over 20 years. This article aims to show the daily life of the crews of Royal Navy’s ships during the height of its power in the Nelson Era. It presents aspects of the daily service on board of ships, the food of the crews as well as the elements of everyday naval culture manifested in the ethos of service at sea. In order to discuss the topic, the paper also shows a sample career pathway explaining the motivations of seafarers.

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Niecodzienna codzienność – z życia w niewoli żołnierza epoki napoleońskiej

Author(s): Hubert Korzeniowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine different problems of prisoners of war in the Napoleonic era – the question which has not been profoundly elaborated in Polish historiography yet. Conditions and alimentation of prisoners, war crimes and enforced enlisting in the enemy’s armies are the most important issues discussed in the article. Primary sources analyzed by the author were confined to diaries of Polish veterans of the Napoleonic Wars. Soldiers described their personal experience of English, Spanish, Austrian and Russian imprisonment. Therefore, the aforementioned problems were referred in the broader geographical and social context of the first decade of the 19th century.

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Fortepian, albo plagi domowe. Paradoks gry na fortepianie w Warszawie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Marta Michalska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Why did domestic piano playing become a problem in the late 19th century? In this text I listen closely to complaints about the sounds of piano playing and analyse a multifaceted sonic phenomenon of a girl from a (aspiring) middle class family playing the instrument on a daily basis. I describe how the piano playing became an important part of middle class upbringing but also how it was being criticised, especially in the second part of the century. Most importantly, I focus on a girl and I ponder what role the piano could really play in her life. Following suggestions of Ruth A. Solie I claim that the piano was an important tool for emotional labour and emotion management, not only for the girl but also for the whole family.

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Życie codzienne w księżycowej rzeczywistości. Na srebrnym globie Jerzego Żuławskiego jako astronomiczna metafora krytyki społecznej i naukowej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Wojciech Milej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine how Jerzy Żuławski in his novel "Na srebrnym globie" [On the Silver Globe] described Moon’s environment in the context of everyday life. At the end of the 19th century Żuławski’s novel was a prominent example of Polish intellectual atmosphere which can be depicted as permanent sadness, doubt and human inability to create stable predictable future. Also this article underscores the meaning of literary metaphor in a process of describing main problems of the Polish 19th century society. Żuławski used the Moon as a tool to show how different human issues can be filled into another environment but still remain as important and actual as it was on the Earth. Everyday life in this particular case was presented as dangerous and harmful reality that cannot be changed by human knowledge and preparedness for interstellar travels.

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„Czego pragnie gospodyni?” Asortyment codziennego użytku reklamowany w kobiecym tygodniku „Dobra Gospodyni” (1901–1915)

Author(s): Agnieszka Goluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the topic of the newspaper advertisement at the beginning of the 20th century on the example of weekly women magazine called “Dobra Gospodyni” [“Good Housewife”]. The magazine published in Warsaw in 1901–1915, gave advice that was designed to help run a household. The article analyzes advertisements of everyday objects including cosmetic and confectionery industry, agricultural products, household items and groceries.

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Czerwone wstążki i terpentyna – hodowla bydła w Irlandii na początku XX wieku

Author(s): Antonina Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses issues related to everyday life of the Irish country at the beginning of the 20th century in the context of cattle husbandry together with customs and beliefs related to it. The article attempts to analyse Irish folklore related to cattle and the impact of the cows on the daily life of the farmers in the cultural, economic and social aspect. The sources for this analysis were the materials gathered by the Irish Folklore Commission during the School’s Scheme in the years 1937–1939.

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Życie codzienne bezrobotnych w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim w okresie międzywojennym

Author(s): Mateusz Radomski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article describes a problem of unemployment in the interwar period in the Dąbrowa Basin. It shows how this phenomenon was developing during the years from regaining independence in 1918 to its loss in 1939. In fact, the greatest intensity of this problem falls on the years 1930–1935, during the Great Depression. Unemployment was particularly strong in the Dąbrowa Basin, due to the large number of industrial plants. The article raises issues related to daily life of unemployed inhabitants of this area. It relates to matters such as poverty, social assistance but most of all, it refers to attempts at coping with this reality. The author shows how the unemployed tried to earn their living, not always legally, e.g. by begging, stealing or illegal coal mining. It all adds up to the difficult history of this period. The article uses archives, the press of that time and diaries of the inhabitants.

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PRL serwuje: zupa „nic”, schab z mortadeli, sałatka „byle co”

Author(s): Maciej Waleszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main aim of the article is to present the culinary side of the Polish People’s Republic. What was eaten and how? Did the shortage of meat trigger the necessity to become a vegetarian or vegan? What did the average citizen of the Polish People’s Republic spend his money on? The primary source in this case were cookbooks. Not only did they present recipes, but they were important guides for women aspiring to be rational and resourceful housewives. Totalitarian power wanted to control its citizens also in terms of cuisine. Despite the difficulties and problems, cleverness and appropriate strategies allowed people to create simple, quick and, from the present perspective, sophisticated dishes.

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La dimension holistique de l’ironie chez Maupassant

Author(s): Jean-Yves Michel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In the literary field, the nineteenth century seems to be the ironic century by excellence. Maupassant's work uses irony as a societal and intimate point of view, as much as a technique. It acquires an holistic dimension and is transformed into philosophy. The novel Bel Ami synthesizes his ironic vision.

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NICOLAE ISTRATE ȘI PRIMUL CONSERVATOR PRIVAT DIN PRINCIPATELE ROMÂNE UNITE DIN ROTOPĂNEȘTII SUCEVEI

Author(s): Petrea Gîscă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nicolae Istrate (1818-1861) was a nobleman politician, a man of culture wholeft great marks in the lives of the people of Rotopănești, Suceava, in the middle ofthe 19th century. Politically speaking, he was rarely understood by his contemporaries, because of his anti-unionist vision. Culturally speaking, he helped in thedevelopment of the peasants of Suceava, building schools for their children.He has full credit for creating the Music and Declamation Conservatory, thefirst institution of this kind in the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.Last but not least, Nicolae Istrate had a prodigious literary activity, as he wrote manymanuals, poems and historical plays. Through his entire activity, Nicolae Istrate hada significant contribution to the development of education and culture, earning aplace of honor in the history of this land

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Mitropolitul Gavriil Bănulescu‑Bodoni, Generalul Prozorovski şi Galaţii

Author(s): Eugen Drăgoi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Războiul Ruso‑Turc din anii 1806‑1812 a adus, aşa cum se cunoaşte, importante schimbări în viaţa politică şi religioasă a Principatelor Române Moldova şi Valahia. Comunicarea noastră doreşte să îndrepte atenţia participanţilor către colaborarea a doi din protagoniştii acestor evenimente, anume mitropolitul Gavriil Bănulescu‑Bodoni şi generalul Alexandr Prozorovski, şi, în final, să propună câteve elemente noi referitoare la legătura lor cu oraşul nostru Galaţi.

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Бессарабия XIX – XX ст.: мультикультурный субъект европейской истории или ее геополитический объект?

Author(s): Vitali V. Stetskevych / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Până la formarea Republicii Moldova, Basarabia nu a fost niciodată un stat independent, deci un subiect valid pe eşichierul relaţiilor internaţionale europene. De fapt, Basarabia a fost permanent un obiect al intereselor geopolitice, care au depăşit cu mult interesele populaţiei locale. Aceste interferenţe geopolitice au avut un rol important în modelarea identităţii culturale a locuitorilor Basarabiei, aflaţi într‑o zonă de interferenţe culturale multiple. Faptul acesta a reprezentat, pe de‑o parte, un beneficiu, însă, pe de altă parte, a fost şi o sursă de confuzie în ceea ce priveşte construirea unei identităţi coerente şi bine structurate.

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Prezenţa elementului grec în structura demografică a Basarabiei în prima jumătate a secolului al XIX‑lea

Author(s): Valeriu Harabara / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Ca urmare a anexării Basarabiei la Imperiul Rus (1812), în această zonă a început un proces de modificare a structurii etnice a populaţiei Basarabiei, proces ce a fost amplificat de autorităţile ţariste prin politica colonizării teritoriului obținut. Acţiunile date s‑au răsfrânt şi asupra evoluţiei demografice a elementului grec de pe teritoriul Basarabiei.

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Relațiile româno‑ruse (1878‑1888). Tensiuni, conflicte și încercări de reconciliere

Author(s): Liviu Brătescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Intenţia noastră în cadrul acestui studiu este aceea de a analiza modul în care s‑a raportat clasa politică românească în perioada 1875‑1878 la ceea ce ar putea fi numit „problema sudului Basarabiei”, adică a judeţelor Cahul, Ismail şi Bolgrad revenite în trupul Moldovei prin Congresul de la Paris din 1856 şi pierdute de către statul român în urma reuniunii internaționale de la Berlin (1878).

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Locotenent‑colonelul Mihail Drăghicescu: Contribuţii La Istoria Moldovei

Author(s): Andreea Atanasiu Croitoru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Parte integrantă a spaţiului geografic românesc, teritoriul dintre Prut şi Nistru a parcurs aceleaşi etape istorice pe care le‑a cunoscut întreaga evoluţie a românilor, din cele mai vechi timpuri şi până la începutul secolului al XIX‑lea, când a fost cotropit de Imperiul Rus. Acesta, profitând de conjunctura politico‑militară favorabilă determinată de „Criza orientală”, a ocupat Principatele Române şi „prin înşelăciune şi intimidare, a determinat Poarta otomană să recunoască încorporarea la Rusia a spaţiului românesc de la est de Prut, deşi turcii nu stăpâneau efectiv acest teritoriu şi nimic nu le dădea dreptul să facă această cesiune teritorială."

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