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Władza kobiet w czasach anarchii, czyli rządy regencyjne księżnych wdów w dynastii Piastów mazowieckich na przykładzie Perejasławy, wdowy po Siemowicie I

Author(s): Jan Jeż / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author presents the subject of the regency of Duchess Pereyaslava after the tragicdeath of her husband Siemowit I of Mazovia, which took place in June 1262. Hedescribes the circumstances forcing her to sweep to power and the activities undertakenby her to bring order to the Duchy of Mazovia. The article also includes a review of theliterature discussing this issue.

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Relacje małżeńskie Henryka Brodatego i Jadwigi Śląskiej w świetle „Legendy świętej Jadwigi”

Author(s): Marta Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of the text is to analyse the vitae (the Lives) of the Polish princessHedwig (Jadwiga, 1178/80–1243) who was commonly recognised as a saint. This is anattempt to show how the marriage of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Silesia wasdescribed in the Lives of the saint. The aim of the research was to examine the specificperception of social relations between sexes and especially the problem of the reversal ofsocial order and the issue of the autonomy of the princesses.

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Elżbieta Granowska jako zła królowa. „Epistola taxans matrimonium Vladislai regis cum Elisabeth Granowska contractum”

Author(s): Kalina Słaboszowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse how Elżbieta Granowska and her marriage toWładysław Jagiełło are presented in the lampoon “Epistola taxans matrimoniumVladislai regis cum Elisabeth Granowska contractum” by Stanisław Ciołek. The piece waswritten as an animal tale at the beginning of the 15th century. The first part of the article isfocused on animal representations of Elżbieta Granowska andWładysław Jagiełło and theirsymbolism, the second on the image of Elżbieta Granowska and her marriage toWładysław Jagiełło created by Stanisław Ciołek and on his possible inspirations.

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Maria, królowa Anglii. O postrzeganiu Marii I Tudor jako monarchy w czasach jej panowania

Author(s): Magdalena Makówka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present Mary I Tudor as the queen regnant. She wasthe first English female ruler who wielded authority over England, which causednumerous problems related to the scope of her power. The Queen was perceivedas a monarch and as a woman. A particularly interesting issue is the perceptionof Mary after her marriage to Philip of Habsburg.

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Kobiety rządzą. Walki na dworze perskim za Artakserksesa II według Plutarcha z Cheronei

Author(s): Radosław Domazet / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Plutarch’s Life of Artaxerxes II presents the character and the ruling style of the Persianking, focusing on the moral aspect of his attitudes and actions. As an experiencedbiographer, he shows history through people controlled by emotions and experiences.Artaxerxes II for the most part of the work is exposed as a weak ruler, subjected to theinfluence of his mother and of his wife, who fight each other. Based on their struggle,Plutarch creates a war of good, represented by Stateira, versus evil, personified byParysatia.

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Przedstawienie postaci wikińskich podróżniczek na wybranych przykładach

Author(s): Martina Mandera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Using several examples, the author wants to present the theme of women on Vikingexpeditions. Among these women should be placed Aud the Deep-Minded, GunnhildrGormsdóttir, Freydis Eiríksdóttir and Gudridr Thorbjarnardóttir. The author presentshow these women changed the face of the world in the 10th century and the impact theyhad on social, political and economic history.

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Taino a kolonizacja hiszpańska Haiti z uwzględnieniem sytuacji kobiet

Author(s): Magdalena Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

On the basis of archaeological and historical sources the author presents an outline ofHispaniola’s indigenous people’s culture and discusses the impact that the Spanishcolonization had on them after the year 1492. The author also points out the role ofTaino’s women in the process of preserving elements of traditional culture.

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Droga do samodzielności? Dyrektorki teatrów na ziemiach polskich w latach 1765–1939

Author(s): Barbara Michalczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article gathers information about female theatre on Polish territories between 1765and 1939. The author asks questions about the main reasons for forming theatres andcharacterizes directors’ competencies and differences between institutions. The articleshows the increasing number of female directors and characterizes it using the exampleof Warsaw’s theatres. The article designates directions for further research on thepresence and meaning of female directors in the history of theatre

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Kobiety a władza ustawodawcza w II Rzeczypospolitej – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Katarzyna Jóźwik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an introduction to the issue of the presence of women in the politics of theSecond Polish Republic at the parliamentary level. The activities of women in the Sejmand Senate of the interwar period have been discussed with particular emphasis on thechanges in the legislation on women. The most important provisions limiting women’srights have also been presented. Although Polish women had received full electoralrights in 1918, they had to fight for total equality in the legal system for many years.

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Krwawe i przebiegłe? Kobiety władzy w wybranych państwach socjalistycznych

Author(s): Martin Gumiela / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Julia Brystygier, Elena Ceauşescu, and Margot Honecker were in positions of power instate socialist dictatorships. Compared to many other representatives of the AnciénRegimes, the images of these women became extraordinarily negative after 1989. Thisarticle discusses their careers and their public image post 1989 and considers the role ofgender in the way these women are currently perceived.

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„My rządzim światem, a nami kobiety”. Wpływ kobiet na konfederację barską na przykładzie działalności Marii Amelii z Brühlów Mniszchowej

Author(s): Natalia Młodzińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper is an evaluation of female activity in the Bar Confederation in the 18thcentury using the example of Maria Amelia Brühl Mniszchowa. The main goal of thepaper is to introduce Mniszchowa and her activity within the Confederation based onhistorical sources and scholarly literature. The query showed that the activity of womenin the Bar Confederation, and especially that of Maria Amelia Mniszchowa, had not beenfully explored until now.

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„Mistrzyni i Matka” – autorytet i charyzmat siostry Marii Franciszki Kozłowskiej w kierowaniu zgromadzeniami mariawickimi

Author(s): Artur Jemielita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article intends to present the profile of Maria Franciszka Kozłowska. The paperfocuses on the process of her growing charisma among her subordinates. In the first part,the author presents the sister’s biography, next he analyses the specificity of hercharisma. Historical sources which had been omitted so far, have been analysed alongwith the diaries of the nun’s closest partners. As a result, it was possible to present thefoundations on which the authority of the spiritual guide was built.

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Irena Kosmowska (1879–1945). Sylwetka niestrudzonej działaczki ruchu ludowego

Author(s): Tomasz Sumara / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

During the interwar period, many colourful women’s personalities appeared. Such figuresinclude undoubtedly Irena Kosmowska (1879–1945), activist of the people’s movement,social and member of parliament representing the Polish People’s Party’s “Wyzwolenie”club in the years 1919–1930. This text presents the character of Kosmowska. Thepresented bibliographical sketch discusses the social and political initiatives undertakenby her, as well as the problems discussed in the forum of the parliament.

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Margarete Himmler jako żona, matka i zwolenniczka narodowego socjalizmu. Próba biografii

Author(s): Paulina Fronczak-Chruściel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present the figure of Margarete “Marga” Himmler – the wifeof Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler. In the beginning, information about Marga’sbackground and education has been presented. Afterwards, issues mentioned in the titleof the article have been described – the marriage with Heinrich Himmler, her approachto maternity and relations with children – her own daughter and adopted son. In the end,Marga’s attitude to National Socialism has been described.

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Królewskie zdrowie – kondycja fizyczna Zygmunta III Wazy

Author(s): Martyna Góra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the health issue of Sigismund III Vasa – the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1587–1632) as well as King of Sweden (1592–1599). The main goal of the article is to indicate the impact of the aforementioned factor on the kingship. The article focuses on king’s diseases, their symptoms and treatment. The author analyzes monarch’s health since his birth until his death. As it turns out, health had a significant influence on the rule. Whether the king would be disposable or not depended on it.

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Książęca codzienność w cieniu wielkiej polityki. Fryderyk Ludwik książę Walii w latach 1736–1751

Author(s): Magdalena Makówka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to describe the daily life of Frederick Louis Prince of Wales (1707–1751). Frederick had many passions including theatre, art collecting (he was an owner of a great collection of paintings) and gardening. The relationship between Frederick and his parents was very weak throughout his entire life. The author examined the most important stages of his life in the light of the archival material describing his everyday activities, family relations and political beliefs.

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Porównanie wpływu wybranych aspektów (prawo, religia, medycyna) na stosunki społeczne oraz obyczaje wielokulturowych społeczności na wybrzeżu lewantyńskim w dobie pierwszych krucjat (1095–1192)

Author(s): Piotr Wieczeński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the contacts between multicultural societies (Muslims, Eastern and Western Christians) in the age of the first crusades. Based on a 12th century chronicle written by an Arabic nobleman Usama Ibn Munkidh, the author discusses their relations before the crusades. He then explores the influence of legal, religious and medical aspects on social relations and the way of life in multicultural communities. In the conclusion the author examins a question of acculturation phenomenon existing on the Levantine coast in the age of the first crusades.

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Pożywienie w praktykach religijnych Pomorzan zachodnich w dobie chrystianizacji

Author(s): Małgorzata Romankiewicz-Częścik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is to discuss the issues related to the role of food in the spiritual sphere of the Slavs and the aspects in which food accompanied them. The complicated problem of changes in the habits of the Pomeranians in the era of Christianization has so far been the subject of an extensive and stormy discussion. Apart from the daily routine filled with household chores, the inhabitants lived according to the rhythm of everyday life, consistent with their faith, which also involved participating in religious ceremonies. Food was an important factor in their daily existence, both as a meal and an object of worship and was used as a ritual, establishment offering, gift for ancestors.

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Obyczajowość Tatarów krymskich oczyma francuskiego konsula w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Agata E. Niedzielska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this article is to present the image of Crimean Tatars’ customs described by François de Tott in his Memoires. The author was a French consul in the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate. The analysis is conducted from two different perspectives. The first considers methods that were used to present Tatars’ culture. The second elaborates the Tott’s assessment of Tatars’ living conditions, cuisine and society. In conclusion, it is necessary to underscore that de Tott used different methods to present the complexity of Tatars’ customs. In addition, he underlines the differences between the two cultures, European and Islamic.

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Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja „Živobran” na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće

Author(s): Lidija Bakota / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

A proverb is a concise, structurally complete saying formed as a reflection of a life experience or a speaker’s wisdom within a certain socio-cultural space. Based on tradition, in other words, on extralinguistic, real and concrete experience of a speaker, proverbs, through their constant use, become a constituent of collective experience and assume general meanings. Therefore, they serve an important didactic and moral-educational function in the language of the community. The paper explores the representation of proverbs (wise sayings) in the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ (1894–1904). The analyzed corpus consists of proverbs whose subject is most frequently an animal, or a human and their relationship towards animal world. The analysis of zoonymic paremiology will raise moral-ethical issues, such as speciesism and empathy, in the context of cultural zoology and biethics. Zoonymic paremiology on the pages of „Živobran,“ the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals reveals historical-cultural cognitions on animal world of Croats at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

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