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Mniejszości narodowe na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w Wilnie w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Magdalena Gawrońska-Garstka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article introduces the analysis of primary sources referring to ethnic composition of students from the University of Stefan Batory. It shows the great diversity, since the students were represented by all ethnic groups living in Eastern Borderlands at that time, and also students from abroad. Characteristic feature of the University of Stefan Batory was co-existence of students of various ethnical background: The Jews, Lithuanians, Belarusians, Russians. The greatest group was represented by polish students, and Catholicism was the most popular denomination. In the second part of the article national relations on the University of Stefan Batory were discussed, particularly focusing on the Jewish issue. Different students houses representing national minorities were compared. Moreover, various organizations and associations of national minorities in the University of Stefan Batory were mentioned .

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"Szczęśliwe dni" Stefana Badeniego jako źródło socjolektu łowieckiego dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Author(s): Renata Janicka-Szyszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of the research in the following article is the language of the hunters from the beginning of the 20th century depicted in memoirs “The Happy Days” by Stefan Badeni. The linguistic analysis proves that in accordance with the thesis by Bogdan Walczak, from the areas of historic sociolinguistics, the language used by the author constitutes a precious source for research connected with hunters’ sociolects, showing typical items as well as those rare in usage. The before mentioned linguist proves the balanced and regular usage and also variety in hunters’ sociolect. Moreover, there are also terms not recorded before in branch dictionaries but the usage in context shows the items were fixed in the hunters’ sociolect during the interwar period. The characteristic language for Badeni presents diminutive forms of sociolectal items as well as lexical and semantic innovations created due to modifications of dialectal names.

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KILKA UWAG O SPECYFICE BADAŃ NAD HISTORIĄ KOBIET ZIEMI PLESZEWSKIEJ NA PRZEŁOMIE XIX I XX WIEKU ORAZ W DOBIE II RP

Author(s): Agnieszka Słupianek-Winkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

The purpose of the article is to present the state of research on the multifaceted activ- ity of women in the Pleszew area at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and in the era of the Second Republic of Poland. In the first part, the research currents on women’s past in Poland and internationally are briefly presented and terminology is reviewed. Then, an attempt was made to systematize the knowledge of the history of women in the Pleszew Destrict. The last subsection is a report on previous research. For this purpose, the ana- lyzed sources, methods and research directions are detailed, taking into account all the difficulties and challenges faced by the historian/regionalist in the process of recovering local herstory.

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Hugo Steiner-Prag und die Bühnenausstattung zur Oper „Golem“ von Eugen d'Albert

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Hugo Steiner-Prag und die Bühnenausstattung zur Oper „Golem“ von Eugen d'Albert

Author(s): David Chaloupka / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1997

This article examines the work of Hugo Steiner-Prag, a Czech-born artist who designed the stage and costumes for the opera "Der Golem" by Eugen d'Albert in 1927. The article analyzes the sources, influences, and symbolism of Steiner-Prag's scenic conception, which drew on the Golem legend, the expressionist aesthetics, and the historical and cultural context of Prague. The article also compares Steiner-Prag's work with other artistic representations of the Golem, such as the films by Paul Wegener and the illustrations by Gustav Meyrink. The article concludes that Steiner-Prag's contribution to the opera was innovative and original, and that he created a powerful visual interpretation of the Golem theme.

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Die internationale Vernetzung der Zeitschrift »Zenit« (1921-1926)

Author(s): Irina Subotić / Language(s): German Issue: 32/2023

Vorgestellt wird das Netzwerk einer in Zagreb und Belgrad publizierten avantgardistischen Zeitschrift, die den Austausch literarischer, philosophischer und theoretischer Beiträge, überwiegend in den jeweiligen Originalsprachen, sowie künstlerischer Reproduktionen betrieb, mit dem strategischen Ziel einer systematisch durchgeführten Positionierung im weiten Feld der (nicht nur) europäischen avantgardistischen Organe. Auf die Vernetzung der Redakteure folgte eine sog. rhizomatische Aktivität – eine Vorwegnahme von Entwicklungen im Zeitalter des Internets. Leitideen waren die Überwindung lokaler Grenzen, ein supranationaler Wirkungskreis und die Förderung neuer Perspektiven in Kunst und Wissenschaft.

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Charakterystyka działalności poselskiej Hermana Liebermana w latach 1922–1926 dotyczącej Najwyższego Trybunału Administracyjnego

Author(s): Mateusz Ułanowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article aims to present Herman Lieberman’s parliamentary activity in the years 1922–1926, concerning the enactment and amendment of the act on the Supreme Administrative Tribunal of 3 August 1922. The main reason for exploring this problem is the fact that his parliamentary activity, focusing on the first Polish administrative court, was omitted from his memoires and his official biography, written by Artur Leinwald. Apart from that, the topic of this article coincides with the centenary of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal. Furthermore, this publication shows how the Sejm and the Supreme Administrative Tribunal operated before the may coup of 1926, because afterwards the new executive was progressively forcing the Supreme Administrative Tribunal to cooperate with government and to support state policy. The greatest number of sources concerning Lieberman’s parliamentary activity in the interwar period can be found at the Sejm Library’s website. Therefore, the methodology for writing this article consisted in the analysis of the bills and protocols of the Sejm, the Constitutional Committee, and the Legal Committee. These sources show that Herman Lieberman was very involved in the legislative work concerning the Supreme Administrative Tribunal. Analysis of these documents makes it possible to conclude that the parliamentarian was a great supporter of setting up this court in Poland. Herman Lieberman was sure that the Supreme Administrative Tribunal would be the guarantor of the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

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Limite, confine, frontiera: il trauma della guerra in Granice świata di Kazimierz Wierzyński

Author(s): Marina Ciccarini / Language(s): Italian Issue: 14/2023

This article analyses the short story collection Granice świata (“The Limits of the World”) by Kazimierz Wierzyński. It emphasises two war narratives, namely The Patrol and Sentence of Death, in which the firstperson narrator (the author himself) experiences extreme events. Wierzyński’s characters commit terrible atrocities, and the writer describes their ruthless and unexpected reactions to highly distressing episodes.

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Ciało Lenina (nie tylko polityczne)

Author(s): Ewa Pogonowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 184/2023

The article deals with the perception of Lenin’s mummy and the Moscow mausoleum in non-fiction narratives, mainly in travel reportage, after the collapse of the USSR (considering the broader cultural background). Concerning Ernst Kantorovich’s concept of the “two bodies of the king,” the issue of Lenin’s “two bodies” was addressed. Both the phenomenon of the immortality of the “bogolenin” (Lenin-God) and the nature of the mummified body of the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution exposed to public view were described. Particularly emphasized is the issue of the Russians’ peculiar attitude toward power and the ruler.

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Bukovina's economic and social reconstruction after the First World War

Author(s): Alexandrina Popescu-Cruceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2023

At the beginning of the interwar period could be observed both in Romania and Bukovina numerous economic transformations, generated by political and social factors, like the consequences of the First World War, financial and human losses, the protective measures for agriculture and the import and exportation of agricultural products, etc. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the main measures undertaken by the state for economic and social reconstruction and resilience in first part of interwar period, both for Romania and Bukovina. The results point out that the agriculture will continue to have a pronounced cereal character, even if the lands cultivated with other plants have a significant rise. An important place in the volume of trade is occupied by the exchange between the village and the city, which took off in the interwar years, a fact mainly due to the expansion of peasant households and their production, after the agrarian reform of the 1920s.

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Under Political and Market Pressures: The Staging of Operetta in Interwar Belgrade

Author(s): Ivana Vesić / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

In this paper, I will focus on the reconstruction of the history of operetta companies established in interwar Belgrade. I gave priority to those ensembles that held regular performances for a longer period of time in the late 1920s and late 1930s. Aside from making a detailed overview of several more stable operetta theatres in Belgrade at the time, including their repertoire and leading artists, the attention will also be paid to uncovering the broader context of their work. The issues of state cultural policy and the rise of competitiveness inside the local spheres of culture and entertainment will also be discussed.

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Rend a szavakban: az antiszemitizmus és a zsidó népirtás a lexikonok tükrében (1889–1948)

Author(s): Lóránt Bódi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

This paper examines the question of anti-Semitism through the dictionaries of lexicons as repositories of popular knowledge, from the perspective of how the concept of anti-Semitism has changed over 60 years of lexicon production and how genocide has left its mark on post-war dictionaries. The concept of political anti-Semitism, which emerged in the 19th century, appears in Hungarian lexicography at the end of the century in the crossfire of different interpretations and meanings. However, anti-Semitism first appeared as a historical concept in the 1910s, with reference to the anti-Semitic tendencies of the time. Between the two world wars, the spirit of the times reached the lexicons with, among other things, the ‚Jewish conquest’. The lexicons published after the Second World War were clearly influenced by the war. One linked genocide with anti-Semitism and treated it as a separate historical event, while the other offered a complex, historical and multi-causal explanation for the emergence of anti-Semitism.

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Русский Дрезден 1920-1930-х годов: контуры музыкальной, церковной и общественной жизни

Author(s): Svetlana Georgievna Zvereva / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 30/2021

This article addresses the theme of Russian music in the German city of Dresden as it initially related to the virtuosi who had arrived from Russia. After the Revolution of 1917, the roles of Russian émigrés, such as Issay Dobrowen, Sergei Rachmaninov, Sergei Jaroff with his Don Cossack Choir, Maria ChebotaryovaVyrubova and others, grew in significance. On the strength of Russian émigré newspapers, archival documents, reference and research literature, individual events involving Russian music in this city during the inter-war years have been re-created and placed in a broad socio-cultural context.

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DŽONATAN SVIFT U SRPSKOHRVATSKOJ KNJIŽEVNOJ KRITICI (OD 1884-1940)

Author(s): Murat Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2008

This paper presents reception of Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), one of the most famous English satirists, who criticised false learning, church depravity, and especially English political situation of the time, from the first mentioning of his name and works to the Second World War. During the period of more than half a century, in Croatian and Serbian periodicals were published only a few articles about him. The first article was written nearly a century and a half after Swift’s death, because there were very few people in these countries who knew English at those times. Some articles were not critically inclined, but only brought some biographical notes or anecdotes from his life. The most of them, however, dealt with Swift’s best work Gulliver’s travels, which is rightly considered to be a bitter satire on human nature. The treated articles and reviews agree with generally accepted judgements about Swift as one of the greatest satirists of all times.

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ON THE ROADS OF THE COUNTRY. EXPERIENCES OF TRAVELLING IN GREATER ROMANIA IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Author(s): Maria Tătar-Dan / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

After the Great War and the creation of Greater Romania through the incorporation of Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bucovina, travel gained new significance within Romanian society. In the context of debates about the need for “spiritual unification” to complement the country’s political and administrative consolidation, travel began to be viewed as a means to build a cohesive national identity and promote unity among the diverse regions of the newly enlarged state. Consequently, Romanians were encouraged to explore their homeland and acquaint themselves with their fellow citizens. The numerous travel notes, memoirs, and announcements of various trips and excursions organized by different associations and professional societies that filled up the contemporary newspapers and magazines reflect a great interest for travel, many travellers choosing to share their experiences. Drawing primarily from these travel notes and memoirs but also contemporary press articles, the study explores the experience of travel, its hypostasis and challenges, the social and cultural interactions that occurred in different travel contexts, and the habits and customs of the Romanian society in the early interwar years they reveal.

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Zeiten der Unsicherheiten. Demokratisierung und Nationalisierung in Ostmitteleuropa auf regionaler und lokaler Ebene (1918–1923)

Author(s): Steffen Kailitz,Sebastian Ramisch-Paul,Tim Buchen / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2024

Zeiten des Umbruchs sind Zeiten der Unsicherheit. Sie zeichnen sich wesentlich dadurch aus, dass alte Gewissheiten verloren gehen und – nach Reinhart Koselleck – die „Zukünfte“ noch im Unklaren sind. Die Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg war global betrachtet der bis dahin wohl größte politische und soziale Umbruch, den eine große Zahl von Staaten und Gesellschaften gleichzeitig erlebten. Die Unsicherheit über die Zukunft der politischen und gesellschaftlichen Ordnung prägte vor allem auch die Länder Ostmitteleuropas. Die Transformationen in der Zwischenkriegszeit, die Otakar Odložilík bereits 1950 als einen der größten Umbrüche der Geschichte Mittel- und Osteuropas bezeichnete, stellen einen markanten Wendepunkt dar. Die Nachwirkungen des Ersten Weltkriegs und der Zusammenbruch der alten Imperien führten zu einer beispiellosen Neuordnung des politischen Gefüges in dieser Region. Dabei verflochten sich Prozesse der Demokratisierung und Nationalisierung untrennbar in einer „doppelten Transformation“. Sie manifestierte sich in der Entstehung neuer Staaten und demokratischer Regierungsformen – namentlich in Polen, Litauen, Estland, Lettland, Finnland und der Tschechoslowakei – sowie in den demokratischen Reformen, die in Ländern wie Ungarn und Rumänien eingeleitet wurden. In weiten Teilen des post-zarischen und post-habsburgischen Europa markierte das Ende des Weltkriegs kein Ende der Gewalt. Alles war noch in Bewegung – welche politischen und gesellschaftlichen Formen sich am Ende in stabiler Form herausbilden würden, war noch unsicher.

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Marcelina Jakimowicz, Świat, który już nie istnieje. Polskie i ukraińskie opowieści biograficzne (1918–1956) [A world that no longer exists. Polish and Ukrainian biographical stories (1918–1956)]

Author(s): Magdalena Gibiec / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2023

Review of: Marcelina Jakimowicz, Świat, który już nie istnieje. Polskie i ukraińskie opowieści biograficzne (1918–1956) [A world that no longer exists. Polish and Ukrainian biographical stories (1918–1956)], ‘Remembrance and Future’ Centre, Wrocław 2022, pp. 368.

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Din corespondența familiei Djuvara

Author(s): Mihai Sorin Rădulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2017

The article presents an autobiography of diplomat Radu Djuvara, six letters sent by diplomat, esthetician and writer Matila C. Ghyka (1881-1965) to his colleague and friend Radu Djuvara (1881-1968), as well as a letter sent by historian Neagu Djuvara (1916-2008) to his younger friend Mihai Sorin Rădulescu (b. 1966), historian and genealogist. Ambassador Radu Djuvara - son of Trandafir G.Djuvara, former plenipotentiary minister of Romania in Brussels and in Istanbul - was one of the important Romanian diplomats in the United States in the 20s. Neagu Djuvara, who was also a former Romanian diplomat, was the son of engineer Marcel Djuvara (whose birth certificate is also published), brother of Radu Djuvara. Neagu Djuvara’s youth and first years of activity cannot be understood without the influence of this uncle.

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Заумна Шехерезада: О Београдским и Париским (авангардним) баловима између два рата

Author(s): Bojan Jović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2013

In expert circles, attention has been drawn to the “1002nd Night Ball” created by the protagonists of Yugoslav and Serbian avant-garde, in particular on its dance and musical segments, moreover, the ballet “Le balai du valet” by Marko Ristić and Miloje Milojević, as well as the ensuing series of balls related to the Association of Friends of Art “Cvijeta Zuzorić”. On the other hand, it is an (almost) completely unknown fact that Rade Drainac’s original idea to throw a ball for the benefi t of artists and writers that needed fi nancial assistance because of diffi cult fi nancial situation (later replaced with an initiative to raise funds to build an art pavilion “Cvijeta Zuzorić”) matched the idea of the Union of Russian artists in Paris to organize a ball with the aim of contributing to mutual aid. The ball in Paris, with the participation of the most prominent avant-garde artists, took place exactly one week after the Belgrade ball, which also suggests the possible connection / synchronization of these two artistic events. Having this in mind, I offer a brief analysis of the concept and scope of the aforementioned artistic events from the perspective of the intermedia and multimedia strategies. I demonstrate that the Belgrade spectacle was envisioned and performed far more ambitiously than the Parisian one, and the thoroughness of the interweaving of various arts ranks it among those works (including Parade by Cocteau, Picasso and Satie, Skating-Rink by Canudo, Leger, and Honegger, La creation du monde by Cendrars, Léger and Milhaud, with Russian and Swedish Ballet) that aimed to achieve a Gesamtkunstwerk, i.e. a total work of avant-garde art.

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Stopy „Černé kočky“ v Československu. Běloruští nacionalisté v protisovětském odboji

Author(s): Adam Zítek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2023

The article deals with the Belarusian emigration and nationalist movement in interwar Czechoslovakia, focusing on the activities of the Belarusian People's Republic Council (BLR) and its efforts towards Belarusian independence. It highlights the internal conflicts within the Belarusian community, the influence of Soviet policies like korenizatsiya (indigenization), and the eventual shift to terror and Russification. The text also delves into the role of Belarusian emigrants during WWII, their collaboration with Nazi Germany, and the formation of Belarusian military units to fight against the Soviet Union. Despite the initial reserved stance of the BLR towards Germany, the narrative reveals how Belarusian nationalists viewed Nazi Germany as a potential ally in achieving independence, leading to various political and cultural activities under German supervision.

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Dialogue with Tradition in Historical Advertising Discourse. Polite Forms of Address

Author(s): Patrycja Pałka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The aim of the article is to present how in historical advertisement discourse the sender(the advertiser) expressed an attitude towards the recipient in the context of traditionof that time related to the principles of language politeness. In the analysis, the authorfocuses on describing the forms of address used. The research encompasses a periodspanning from the second half of 19th century to 1939, a period directly connectedwith the development of professional advertisements, the advertising industry, the firstadvertising agencies and the media – press, radio and cinematography. The sources usedto write this paper include a wide variety of materials that comprise a large collectionof texts representing various forms of advertisement, including press adverts, leaflets,postcards, posters, placards and notices, packaging materials, labels, folders, companycatalogues and information brochures, price lists, company paper products (forms,envelopes, notes, and bills), and other promotional printed materials (e. g. invitations,letters, and thematic cook books), as well as radio advertisements. The analysis showsboth that polite communication practices in historical advertising texts are charac-terised by a tendency to conform to traditional language politeness norms, includingthose specific to trade, and that the emergence of new communication tools and thedemocratisation of social life during the interwar period led to a need to simplify lan-guage etiquette and trade politeness norms, as well as to develop more familiar ways ofaddressing the audience in advertising discourse.

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