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Rudarji rudnika Mežica in njihovo delo v obdobju 1918 do 1947

Author(s): Karla Oder / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

On the basis of archive material and personal memories obtained in the field, the author reviews the life and work of the miners from the Mežica lead mine. Mining was the main economic activity in the upper Mežiška dolina valley in Carinthia, providing employment to some 70 percent of its population and having a direct and indirect influence on the region's development rate. The mining production and the miners and their working hours, health care, hygiene, insurance and salaries are presented.

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Prizadevanja banskega sveta Dravske banovine za omilitev posledic gospodarske krize z banovinskim proračunom za leto 1933/34

Author(s): Miroslav Stiplovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

The Third Session of the Dravska Banovina Council, in February 1933, was held at a time of sharpened political tension in the wake of the publication of the federalist declaration by the former Slovene Peoples Party, as well as the intensification of the Great Depression. Having resolutely rejected a federal state system, the councillors from the governing Yugoslav Radical Peasant Democracy opted for the implementation of provincial self-government, as constitutionally prescribed. In discussing the provincial budget for 1933/34, they sought to alleviate, as much as possible, the consequences of the Great Depression. They succeeded in raising their profile in the budget discussion, where they highlighted the intensification of the Depression in agriculture, industry, handicraft, trade and financial institutions. A significant achievement was the creation of a new poor fund, intended to reduce unemployment. Through this and numerous other budgetary items, the councillors sought to address the serious social consequences of the Great Depression. However, their efforts to secure resources for a successful implementation of economic, social, educational and cultural activities were effectively nullified by the Minister of Finance who only approved financial resources for 1933/34 to the amount of 129 million dinars, i.e. almost one fifth less than proposed.

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Razvoj in ureditev sodišč za reševanje socialnih sporov v prvi Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Katarina Kresal Šoltes / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

The paper looks at the setting up of workers' insurance courts from the viewpoint of the development of the social judiciary and trial standards. With the right to judicial protection ranking among the highest standards of human rights protection, the paper's point of departure is a thesis according to which the level of the social protection law in a specific historical period may also be determined by the development of certain judicial standards. According to the author, the value of the workers' insurance courts in the considered period lay mainly in their implementation of the judicial protection of human rights, by means of a full jurisdiction trial before an independent professional judge and interested lay assessors, and being friendly to the plaintiff - insurant.

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Slovenski liberalci in narodno vprašanje v letih 1931-1933

Author(s): Jurij Perovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

The prevailing political orientation among the Liberals between 1931 and 1933 was that of Yugoslav unitarism. This orientation was supported by the Yugoslav Radical Peasant Democracy (YRPD), in which the Slovene Liberals had been politically organised since 1932. The YRPD was the only political party tolerated by the royal dictatorship introduced on 6 January 1929. In mid 1932, the party sharply reacted to the book Kulturni problem slovenstva (The Cultural Problem of Slovene Identity) by Josip Vidmar, a literary critic of liberal orientation. In his book, Vidmar had attacked the Liberals for their political view that Slovene national awareness was overstrained, forced and anti-state. Vidmar was supported by a group of prominent cultural figures who, in 1933, had founded their own journal Sodobnost (Modernity) and established the view among the majority of the Slovene Liberal intelligentsia that the loss of Slovene identity was detrimental and suicidal. Meanwhile, the Slovene faction of the YRPD strengthened its unitarist principles. In early 1933, Vidmar took a tough stand against the so-called Ljubljana Punctuations, a federalist constitutional programme shaped by the leadership of the abolished, Catholic-orientated, Slovene People's Party (SPP); the most prominent leaders of the former SPP were confined in different parts of the country because of the Punctuations. Unhesitatingly, the Liberals supported the unitarist national programme of the new Yugoslav National Party (YNP), into which the YRPD transformed on 20 July 1933. In the YNP, they occupied several leading positions. The political situation in the country at the time indicated that the future only favoured Yugoslav unitarism. It was with this conviction that Slovene Liberals entered in the period that followed the foundation of the YNP.

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Nekaj utrinkov iz delovanja veteranske organizacije Zveza bojevnikov "Organizacija Bojevnikov je trdna in močna, je zveza src in duš. Je temelj prijateljstva in ljubezni med narodi"

Author(s): Petra Svoljšak / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

The paper examines the activity of the League of Combatants of War (1931-1941), which was composed of First World War veterans, most of whom were former soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian army. The League was a non-political and non-partisan organisation focused on preserving the memory of the Great War. Whilst its main activity was campaigning for the erection of monuments to the fallen First World War soldiers, it was also active in the social field through so-called self-help and the concern to secure social assistance for the war-disabled. It can be concluded, from the states indifference and its shaping of the collective memory of the First World War period, that former soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian army were considered second class veterans whose remembrance, for historic reasons, was not included in the official commemoration of the Great War in Yugoslavia.

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Sto in en dan konvertibilnega dinarja med svetovnima vojnama

Author(s): Dragana Gnjatović / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2006

In June 1931, during the Great Depression and at the most unfavourable time for monetary reforms, the Yugoslav government declared the convertibility of the Dinar. In the paper, the author analyses political and economic reasons for this decision, especially from the viewpoint of Yugoslavias specific international financial situation. In the period between the two world wars, the payment of Allied war debts was bound with German reparations. For the purpose of processing such payments, the Bank of international Settlement (BIS) was founded in Basel in 1930. A basic requirement for a country, entitled to the reparations, to become a shareholder by paying the share capital, was the stabilisation of its national currency. This BIS requirement was entirely compliant with the recommendation of the International Monetary and Financial Conference of Genoa in 1922, that countries should return to the gold exchange standard, using as a cover gold ingot reserves or a combination of gold and currency, instead of gold alone. With the declaration of the Dinar convertibility on 28 June 1931, Yugoslavia became entitled to the subscription of 4,000 shares of an initial bank fund in a total value of 10 million golden Swiss Francs.

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Recenzija: Raub und Rückgabe - Österreich von 1938 bis heute

Author(s): Avguštin Malle / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2006

The review of: Raub und Rückgabe - Österreich von 1938 bis heute. Bd. 1-4, Verena Pawlowsky, Harald Wendelin (ur.), Mandelbaum Verlag Wien, Wien 2005-2006.

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Nekatere posebnosti volitev v Narodno skupščino v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja

Author(s): Blaž Vurnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2004

The paper deals with some peculiarities surrounding the elections and the pre-electoral activities in different political camps in the 1930s in the Slovene part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From the electoral viewpoint the above period saw a step backwards in already democratically questionable electoral standards in the 1920s. Government pressure on the voters, especially by demanding loyalty from civil servants, an electoral law full of restrictions regarding political assembly and running in the elections, and, most of all, the absence of a secret ballot, gave the elections more the character of affirming the ruling regime rather than a lever of political democracy. The political culture of the pre-electoral struggle preserved the elements of government violence in the pre-electoral events from the 1920s. However, these were on a smaller scale in Dravska banovina than in other parts of the kingdom. The development of the electoral legislation, which saw the greatest change with regards to the general reorganisation of the state in the beginning of 1930s, reduced the democraticity of certain political rights to political assembly (by banning the parties on religious, ethnic and similar basis) and to a secret ballot.

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Recenzija: Splošno žensko društvo: 1901-1945: od dobrih deklet do feministk

Author(s): Jasna Fischer / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2003

The review of: Splošno žensko društvo: 1901-1945: od dobrih deklet do feministk. Urednici Nataša Budna Kodrič, Aleksandra Serše. Arhiv Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana 2003. VIII, 575 strani, ilustrirano

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Srednjeevropski integracijski načrti med letoma 1918-1945 in Slovenci

Author(s): Bojan Godeša / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2003

The paper deals with the role of Slovenia and the Slovenes in the making of the projects for the Central European integration between 1918 and 1945. Whilst many and different such projects were made in this period, they only became relevant at the outbreak of the Second World War when, in the light of historical revisionism, the opinion prevailed amongst Western European experts that a Danube federation provided the most suitable solution to the Central European question. In response to the projects for the foundation of a Danube federation, in which the central role would be played by Austria, two Central European proposals emerged in the Slovene Catholic camp, with a view to resolving the question of Slovene statehood. The Slovene People's Party leadership supported the project of an independent Slovene state. Located in the hinterlands of Trieste and would be under international supervision. Lambert Ehrlich, a priest and the leader of the Straža (Sentinel) student organisation, in his turn, promoted the Intermarium project, which would unite in a confederation the Slavic nations between the Baltic, Adriatic and Aegean seas. However, when the Western European projects for the reshaping of Central Europe failed to materialise, the Slovene Central European projects lost their relevance as well.

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Zbornice in združenja v Sloveniji 1918-1945

Author(s): France Kresal / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2002

The author offers a clear presentation of the compulsory organisations for the protection of professional interests, which operated in Slovenia between 1918 and 1945. These interests were protected by general and special chambers as well as the associations of merchants, craftsmen, industrialists and banking institutions. The general chambers were the Chamber of Commerce, Trade and Industry, which represented the interests of employers, the Workers' Chamber which protected those of employees, and the Peasants' Chamber safeguarding the interests of the peasantry. Apart from these, there were a number of special chambers for particular activities and professions, such as engineers, pharmacists, lawyers and notaries. Membership in these chambers was subject to special regulations, while the membership in the associations of merchants and craftsmen was regulated by the law on trade. Under the occupation during the Second World War the character of these professional organisations changed, as did the nature of their work. On the German occupied territory they were either incorporated into the system of the German commercial chambers or abolished. In the Ljubljana Province they were integrated into the Fascist system under the name of the Employers' Association, together with the Provincial Workers Association and the Farmers' Association.

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Srečanje študentk društva Dom visokošolk s Sv. Duhom v Halozah pred drugo svetovno vojno

Author(s): Ljubica Šuligoj / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2002

The paper deals with the organisation of the students' working camp in Sveti Duh, Haloze, the integration of its participants in an undeveloped environment and their activity among the local population. At the same time, the author presents a difficult economic and social situation in the area, vinedressing, the low standard of living of the population and general social backwardness.

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Preskrba Tretjega rajha

Author(s): Mojca Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2002

The author outlines the German war-economy in the period between the First and the Second World War. In more detail, she presents the food supply in the Third Reich (1933- 1945) and arrives at the conclusion that, notwithstanding the bad situation after the beginning of the war and the crisis after 1943, the Nazi-Socialist agricultural policy was more successful than that during the First World War. The level of the German self-supply in 1939 accounted to as much as 80-83 percent.

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Idejnopolitični značaj SLS od leta 1935 do začetka vojne leta 1941

Author(s): Anka Vidovič Miklavčič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2001

The paper presents the ideological and political shifting in the Slovene section of the Yugoslav Radical Union (YRU) in the latter part of the 1930's. The section assumed its original name 'the Slovene People's Party' (SPP) after the 1941 March putsch. It also indicates the influences behind the ideo-political orientation of the SPP which was closely connected with the Catholic movement. After Dr Anton Korošec joined the Stojadinović government in 1935, a network of the YRU organisations was set up in Dravska banovina, accompanied by the formation and renewal of numerous Roman Catholic organisations. Many of these became 'auxiliary forces' of Catholic Action which, inspired by Papal encyclicals, were supposed to pave the way for Catholic renewal and a corporative (organic) society. After the April breakdown, divisions arose in the SPP and, to an even greater extent, in the Catholic camp. Among the reasons were the authoritarianism of the Party and of the Catholic right wing, inadequate methods of the implementation of the Catholic renewal and ideas, the rejection of political pluralism as well as the seeking of protection of the Italian occupier after the collapse of the State in 1941.

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Milli Mücadele Yillarinda Sinop’ta Güvenlik Ve Lojistik Faaliyetleri

Author(s): İsmail Efe / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 60/2018

The Entente States, which believe that the Ottoman Empire was tied up with the Armistice of Mondros, from the beginning of January 1919, he began to intensify his activities in Sinop region. Istanbul Government, to take measures to prevent the occupation of the region in violation of the conditions of the armistice. Government, On January 11, 1919, Preveze decided to send Gambotun to Sinop. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who visited Sinop on May 18, 1919, warnings were also found in his meeting with the elders of the city. National activities accelerated in Sinop. First protest rallies were held in Sinop and its districts by Greeks in Izmir. To the Istanbul Government, Protest telegrams were taken to the representatives of the Entente States. 1919 In the first week of August, Sinop Defense of Rights Association was founded. When Muhittin Pasha was in Kastamonu, at the command of the Sinop Mevkii Command, Coast Guard Artillery Team Command and Sinop Gendarmerie Team Command were formed. In connection with the authority and liaison to Sinop, On January 10, 1921, the Military Police (Moon Pe) Organization was established. The Turkish Army, which fought on the Western Front Sinop Harbor, Taşyanağı Pier, Gerze Pier and the ports and wharves within the Sanjak Sinop Sanjak have performed important tasks. Sinop, who gave all kinds of support to the National Struggle with his life, The number of martyrs on the Western Front was 1,118. Sinoplular Monopoly Commissions and the Hilal-i Ahmer Society through a large amount of food, sent to Western Front by collecting clothing and weapons.

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Zatiranje ljudskoga dostojanstva tijekom komunističke vladavine na primjeru dr. Josipa Gunčevića

Author(s): Miljenko Brekalo,Anamarija Lukić,Ivan Stipić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2019

Josip Gunčević, PhD, one of the most distinguished citizens of Brod na Savi, a cleric and a pedagogue, was brutally murdered by partisans in Macelj forest in 1945 without being trialled. Throughout the whole period of Communist Yugoslavia there is almost no trace of his work and social engagement. The sporadic mention of Gunčević is ideologically contextualized in a negative way, without any scientific research or valorisation. The paper seeks to show the overall work of Gunčević that is known so far, on the humanisation of society according to the Christian system of values in which he believed uncompromisingly and for which he was ultimately killed. The authors show that after the establishment of the contemporary Republic of Croatia, the ideas of Josip Gunčević occupied partly once again the interest of primarily the Catholic, and then of the general public. Recently, after being subjected to serious scientific criticism, Gunčević's work presents a range of values for pedagogy, history of culture and the history of ideas in general. The authors, based on the presented research, show that it is necessary to continue working on the valorisation of Josip Gunčević's legacy and to determine his real contribution to Croatian science and culture.

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Mladina Jugoslovanske radikalne zajednice (MJRZ) v Dravski banovini

Author(s): Anka Vidovič Miklavčič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1992

The Yugoslav Radical Union (Jugoslovanska radikalna zajednica) was founded for the whole of Yogoslavia in the second half of 1933, soon to be followed by its youth organisation that was supposed to promote the principle of »state and national unity« in the spheres of politics, social services, education and sports. In Slovenia, then a part of the Drava Banovina, the Youth of the Yugoslav Radical Union (YYRU) (Mladina Jugoslovanske radikalne zajednice) was linked directly to the Slovenian part of the Yugoslav Radical Union (the former Slovenian Peoples Party - Slovenska ljudska stranka). In May 1939, the YYRU had 293 locals with approximately 11,000 members. The author establishes that YYRU was the political branch of the Unions of Boys’ Sections (Zveza fantovskih odsekov) in the Drava Banovina, and that it paved the way for the Catholic sociological school - the Christian solidarity that eventually grew into the s.c. Christian social action in mid-Thirties.

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Kulturna zakonodaja v Sloveniji v času jugoslovanskega klasičnega parlamentarizma 1918-1929

Author(s): Ervin Dolenc / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1992

The legislation in the sphere of cultural activities that was in force in Slovenia and, for that matter, the entire »Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes«, in the 1920ies was rather confusing, manifold in incoplete as were the laws governing a number of other spheres of life. With but a few exceptions culture was organised in compliance with the legislation adopted by former states in this territory; in Slovenia the laws of the Austro Hungarian Empire were still in force, while simultaneously the Belgrade government attempted to impose it own rules. The result were numerous ambiguities and legal contradictions. Lawlessness and arbitrary decisions of the local authorities, political parties and individuals could flourish in such circumstances.

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Odmevi na komunistično revijo Književnost v sočasnem tisku

Author(s): Lilijana Trampuž / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1992

A partir de 1921, las communistes en Yugoslavie etaient obliges a fonctionner clandestinement. Ils furent d'autant plus rigoureusement surveillćs aprčs la constitution de la dictature du roi et du tribunal pour la protection de l'ćtat. On ne peut done pas s'etonner de ne pas trouver dans la presse Slovene de cette epoque beaucup d'articles sur les communistes. Lorsqu'en dćcembre 1932, les communistes commencent a publier la revue Književnost (Littćrature) sous la direction de Bratko Kreft, il s'etablit la possibilite d'une communication legitime a travers la presse. II y eut peu d'ćcho. L'auteur a lu et analyse les pcriodiques de la periode ou paraissait la revue Književnost, e'est-a-dire de decembre 1932 jusqu'a la fin de 1935. Dans son article, elle parle surtout des journaux et revues suivants: des journaux du parti liberal: Sodobnost, Slovenija et Jutro; du journal des etudiants Akademski glas; du journal catholique Mladi plamen. Čas, Slovenec, Bodočnost, Bogoljub, Beseda o sodobnih vprašanjih (Un mot sur les questions contemporaines) et Kres de meme que des journaux des agriculteurs Kmetski list, Novi čas, Gruda et Brazda.

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Založniška dejavnost Cankarjeve družbe (1929-1941)

Author(s): Taja Čepič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1992

Founded with the aim of offerring »the Slovenian workers the right and a good book«, the activities of Cankarjeva Družba were directly linked with a socialist organisation for the promotion of culture and education known as »Svoboda« and its successor »Vzajemnost«, as well as the socialist movement on the territory of present-day Slovenia in general, in the 1929-1941 period. In the twelve years of its publishing and editorial activity the Cankarjeva Družba published an almanac with a series of articles, and three books every year. Most of the latter were translations from foreign languages or original prose works written in Slovene. The objective of its founders was for the Cankarjeva Družba to become a sort of a counterbalance to the more liberally oriented »Vodnikova Družba« that had around 20,000 subscribers in 1931, and the Catholic »Mohorjeva Družba« with almost 50,000 subscribers in the same year. The Cankarjeva Družba had about 6,000 subscribers throughout its active period, predominantly among professionally organised Slovenian workers.

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