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Sobivanje med vojaštvom in civilnim prebivalstvom na Slovenskem v prvi Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Mojca Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2011

In the following discussion the author will present the social dynamics between the members of the armed forces and the civilian population in Slovenia during the First Yugoslavia. On one hand the interaction under consideration was positive and even had significance for the social, cultural and societal level of the Slovenian population. On the other hand the cohabitation of the members of the Army and the civilian population also had negative consequences, mostly involving various minor offences.

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Recenzija: Gegen das »Dritte Reich«. Sabotage und transnationaler Widerstand in Österreich und Slowenien 1938–1940

Author(s): Brigitte Entner / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2011

The review of: Peter Pirker, Gegen das »Dritte Reich«. Sabotage und transnationaler Widerstand in Österreich und Slowenien 1938–1940. Kitab-Verlag. Klagenfurt-Wien, 2010, 280 str., ilustr.

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Jugoslovanska nacionalna stranka in narodno vprašanje v letih 1936–1939

Author(s): Jurij Perovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2011

In the period of the 2nd Congress of the state-wide Yugoslav National Party (JNS), on 30 June 1936 in Belgrade, as well as during the formation of the separate Croatian Banate on 26 August 1939, which foreshadowed the further national-legal rearrangement of what had until then been a unitarian Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Slovenian liberals, who were a part of the JNS in the 1930s, insisted on their unitarian national and state standpoint. They denied the existence of national individuality within the Yugoslav state, which they saw as a single Yugoslav national community. As far as the issue of the internal regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was concerned, they supported the principle of a decentralised unitarian state. This placed them on the brink of the Slovenian politics, which was mostly autonomist-federalist and based on the efforts to preserve and freely develop the Slovenian nation. Therefore the liberal JNS kept diminishing in the Slovenian space, which was also characteristic of the period after 1939.

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Prekmurske Benetke leta 1925

Author(s): Darja Kerec / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2011

In the first half of November 1925 Slovenia and most of what was at the time the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was ravaged by floods which barely spared any regions at all. The deluge did most damage in the area then governed by the Maribor county, where the rivers Drava, Savinja and Mura overflowed. Three people died in Murska Sobota due to heavy rain, and around a thousand people lost their homes. In the days since 11 November aid in food, workforce and money arrived from all parts of Slovenia. Murska Sobota and thus the Prekmurje region was separated from the rest of the country, but telephone and telegraph connections remained operational. Due to a somewhat disorganised damage assessment commission, irregularities and delays were also involved in the distribution of the urgent financial aid. The damage in the territory of Murska Sobota was estimated at several millions of dinars. The numbers varied and the request for financial aid, addressed to the authorities in Belgrade, was not fulfilled completely, although the Slovenian members of parliament put all their efforts into it. In 1925 and 1926 the political disagreements also manifested themselves at the local level, especially the area governed by the Maribor county. Daily newspapers kept publishing reports from the affected region and underlined Belgrade's non-responsiveness. In their own way the floods contributed to the urban development of Murska Sobota, where the railroad connection was established a year earlier as well. Thus the city was electrified and in the 1930s it recovered economically with the aid of ambitious Slovenian industrialists.

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"Korošec vihti bič nad železničarji" (Stavka železničarjev leta 1920 in minister za promet Anton Korošec)

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2010

In the following discussion the author focuses on the role of Anton Korošec in the railway strike of April 1920, when as a Head of the Slovenian People's Party he was the Minister of Transport in Stojan Protić's government. After the government of the Kingdom of SHS abolished the collective labour agreement for transport workers, in April 1920 transport all over the state was brought to a halt by a railway strike. The workers on strike were joined by the communists, who saw the mobilisation of the workers as a strong political potential. In the years after the establishment of the Kingdom, the communists represented an influential political factor. In November of the same year, after the Constituent Assembly elections, they became the third most powerful party in the country. On 24 April the strike on the streets of Ljubljana transcended any democratic norms. After the police and military intervention, 13 workers died on the Zaloška cesta street. A few days before that, at the assembly of the Slovenian People's Party confidants in Ljubljana, Korošec had cautioned against the danger of the communist movement, while during the strike he refused to communicate with the railway representatives, claiming that the strike was illegal - that is, unannounced.

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»Nuestros Españoles«. Donesek k vlogi jugoslovanskih/slovenskih prostovoljcev v španski državljanski vojni 1936-1939

Author(s): Avgust Lešnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2010

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) divided the Spanish and global community. The Spanish conservative forces and military junta were supported by the German nazism and Italian fascism, while the defence of the Spanish Republic was actively supported by the democratic global community, which provided the Spanish people with the moral support, material aid as well as the participation of volunteers. The most thorough insight into the issue of »our Spaniards« (volunteers from Yugoslavia) is provided by the collection Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the Spanish Civil War, kept in the Archives of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was the only organiser of aid and assistance for the Republican side. In the Second (socialist) Yugoslavia, quite a lot of material was published with regard to Yugoslav volunteers in Spain. However, this topic has never been the subject of extensive research. More or less everything, save for few exceptions, remained at the level of collecting the memories of the participants of the Spanish Civil War. This study provides an analysis of the structure of Yugoslav volunteers (age, profession, sex, political adherence, nationality, etc.), and the appendix contains a new list of names based on the more recent international research and the comparative method. The author emphasises that double entries often occur in the lists due to inconsistent criteria. In comparison with the 1971 list of 1664 persons, the current list includes 1927 persons of »Yugoslav« origin, 574 of these Slovenians.

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Koroški prostovoljci v mednarodnih brigadah v španski državljanski vojni 1936-1939

Author(s): Hellwig Valentin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2010

1400 Austrians took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), of these 61 were from Carinthia. Their decision for the enrolment in the International Brigades was fuelled by political and ideological motives as well as their poor economic situation. The Carinthians, who sided with the Spanish Republicans, fought at all the focal points of the Civil War. The conflicts claimed eleven casualties. After the Civil War the survivors were sent to French prisoner-of-war camps, and almost half of the former volunteers were subsequently deported to German concentration camps by the Gestapo, where another Carinthian member of the International Brigades lost his life. After the end of the Spanish Civil War, four Carinthians joined the French resistance movement. After 1945 the majority of the former volunteers returned to Carinthia, the last of them as late as in 1955, when he was released from a Spanish prison.

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"Naša naloga, smer in cilj" Idejne osnove sokolske misli in vzgoje

Author(s): Tomaž Pavlin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2009

After World War I the so-called "Sokoli" (Falcons) as a national defence and gymnastic movement with its idea and education clashed with the positions of the traditional tutor - the Roman Catholic Church - and was thus involved in the cultural struggle. The founder of the Sokoli idea and gymnastic activities was Miroslav Tyrš, a Czech who defined the basic guidelines and tasks of the Sokoli movement in his article Our Task, Direction and Goal, published in 1871. The author of the following contribution shall define the Sokoli education and idea on the basis of Tyrš's article. Within the Slovenian Sokoli movement, this idea was introduced by Viktor Murnik.

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Potrošnja v času velike gospodarske krize v luči takratnega slovenskega časopisja

Author(s): Marta Rendla / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2009

In the following article the author will demonstrate the state of consumption in Europe, the world and in Yugoslavia or the Drava Banate in the time of the Great Depression, on the basis of reports published in expert and major daily press and by means of what were at the time immediate indicators of consumption - especially volume of trade and production as well as trade in representative goods at global markets - and partly on the basis of few consumption reports. Continuous recession was characteristic of consumption in this period. In the - Europe, struggling with shortage and crisis of consumption and the agrarian sector ever since the end of World War I, thus even since before the onset of the Great Depression - the phenomenon of the Great Depression even worsened what had already been a difficult economic position. In 1932 partial tendencies of economic activity revitalisation due to the balancing of the disproportion between supply and demand for certain kinds of goods became evident, while the year 1933 represented the turning point. At that time the level of trade and consequently, consumption reached the lowest point globally, therefore the trends reversed and pointed upwards. The turning point in Yugoslavia occurred later, in 1934, when the bottom of the crisis was reached.

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Recenzija: Albanija: prijatelj i protivnik (Jugoslovanska politika prema Albaniji 1924-1927)

Author(s): Jurij Hadalin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2009

The review of: Saša Mišić, Albanija: prijatelj i protivnik (Jugoslovanska politika prema Albaniji 1924-1927). Službeni glasnik, Beograd, 2009, 261 str., ilustr.

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Gospodarski koncepti slovenskega liberalizma

Author(s): Žarko Lazarević / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2008

In the following deliberation, the author focuses on the economic concepts of the Slovenian liberalism until World War II. In the long-term perspective, he emphasises the specifics and limited range of liberal economic ideas in the Slovenian socially and economically unstructured society. He also brings a special attention to the ideological change in the 1930s, in the time of the great economic crisis, when the advocates of economic liberalism renounced the basic postulates of the liberal economic thought in order to preserve their own positions. Thus economic liberalism was pushed to the brink of social developments, into the intellectual circles, which kept nourishing the liberal economic thought.

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Ameriška tehniška misija v Kraljevini SHS 1919-1920

Author(s): Vesna S. Aleksić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2008

The author of the following deliberation analyses the work of the U.S. Technical Mission, which arrived to Belgrade in October of 1919. Its task was to provide expert assistance to the government of Serbia and the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with the renewal of railways and other traffic as well as with the reconstruction of the old mines and opening of new ones in its territory. Due to political instability and frequent government changes, the work of the mission members was rendered almost completely impossible. Unable to carry out the work they were, after all, paid to do, the mission members left the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians after a one-year stay there.

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Teritorialni obseg judovskih verskih občin na ozemlju sedanje Slovenije pred drugo svetovno vojno

Author(s): Andrej Pančur / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2008

The formation and territorial scope of Jewish religious communities in the territory of today's Slovenia was, before World War II, inseparable from the settlement structure of the Jewish population in this area. Thus the first Jewish communities formed in the context of Hungary in the Prekmurje region (Lendava, Murska Sobota and, temporarily, Beltinci), where Jews had been settling in more significant numbers ever since the end of the 18th century. In the Carniola and Lower Styria comunity, Jews only started settling permanently after 1867, and in 1893 they were included in the Jewish in Graz. After Yugoslavia has been formed, the former Kranjska region Jews joined the Jewish in Zagreb, while the former Štajerska region Jews joined the Jewish in Varaždin. The author of this article carries out a very precise analysis of how these Jews were annexed to the Jewish in Murska Sobota in 1929 and of the resistance that this annexation caused.

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Recenzija: 1938: Auftakt zur Shoah in Österreich: Orte - Bilder – Erinnerungen / Wir gehörten hierher ... Über die jüdische Familie Scharfberg in Eisenkappel

Author(s): Avguštin Malle / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2008

The review of: - Dieter J. Hecht in drugi (ur.), 1938: Auftakt zur Shoah in Österreich: Orte - Bilder - Erinnerungen. Milena Verlag, Dunaj 2008, 48 strani. - Werner Koroschitz, Lisa Rettl, Tu smo bili doma ... O judovski družini Scharfberg v Železni Kapli / Wir gehörten hierher ... Über die jüdische Familie Scharfberg in Eisenkappel. Založba Drava, Celovec 2008, 122 strani.

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Odtenki politizacije Rimskokatoliške in Srbske pravoslavne cerkve pri Slovenski ljudski in Narodni radikalni stranki med svetovnima vojnama

Author(s): Mateja Ratej / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2008

The author of the contribution sheds light on various aspects of politicisation of the Roman Catholic and Otrhodox Church, used in their political practice by the Slovenian People’s Party and the National Radical Party. She discovers that the Churches in the Yugoslav State between both World Wars entered conflicting relations regardless of the relations between the biggest Serbian and the Slovenian political parties, which were otherwise effective in drawing from the mobilisation potential of both Churches; however, they subordinated the inclination towards the Church interests to the interests of their own parties. That was especially obvious in the time of the so-called Concordat Crisis (1935-1937), when, among other things, it became apparent that the political antagonism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches in the context of the Yugoslav political space translated into antagonism between the Croatian and Serbian parts of the state.

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Draginja, pomanjkanje, omejitve: preskrba Slovenije s hrano 1939-1941

Author(s): Mojca Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2007

Whereas other European countries started preparing supplies for wartime conditions already in the second half of the 1930s, Yugoslavia (Slovenia) only started addressing this issue immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War. Slovenia thus found itself in a whirlpool of dearness already by the end of 1939 and, a year later, facing a shortage of basic necessities. The governing bodies attempted to tackle the emerging needs with various measures and were soon compelled to introduce rationing and directed economy. The (un)successfulness of these measures became obvious immediately after the occupation.

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Simpozij "Prežihov Vorane - Lovro Kuhar: pisatelj / politik / patriot"

Author(s): Vida Deželak Barič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2007

Simpozij "Prežihov Vorane - Lovro Kuhar: pisatelj / politik / patriot", Dunaj 19. - 20. april 2007

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Recenzija: Ministarstvo prosvete i ministri Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca i Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1918-1941

Author(s): Branko Šuštar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2007

The review of: Ministarstvo prosvete i ministri Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca i Kratjevine Jugoslavije 1918-1941. Pedagoski muzej, Beograd 2000, 160 strani.

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Recenzija: Des Führers heimliche Vasallen. Die Putschisten des Juli 1934 im Kärntner Lavanttal

Author(s): Brigitte Entner / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2007

The review of: Christon Klosch, Des Führers heimliche Vasallen. Die Putschisten des Juli 1934 im Kärntner Lavanttal. Czernin Verlag, Wien 2007, 256 strani.

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Slovensko zgodovinopisje o obdobju 1918-1991 po razpadu Jugoslavije

Author(s): Ervin Dolenc / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2004

Already in the second half of the 1980's, several predominantly young historiographers, influenced by modern social and anthropological approaches from western European and American historiography, began a new type of research. Another group of young historiographers started a new, ideologically relaxed analysis of politically and nationally sensitive issues. This resulted in the publication in the 1990's of a series of monographs and papers which, apart from political questions, gave equal consideration to economic issues, cultural history, daily life, history of ideas as well as historiography itself and its theory.

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