I DIO: 1914–1941. Žene kroz smjenjivanje epoha

Author(s): Aida Spahić,Fabio Giomi,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U ovom poglavlju ukratko će biti predstavljen period od početka Prvog svjetskog rata do početka Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine u kontekstu djelovanja žena. Na samom početku dat je kratak pregled historijsko-društvenih okolnosti, a nakon toga prikaz ženskog udruživanja, prava za koja su se zalagale te faktora koji su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.

Tudományos pálya vagy köztisztviselői karrier?

Author(s): István Pál / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Emlékirat és történeti valóság - Barcza György emlékiratai fényében.

Author(s): Pál Pritz / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

PART I: 1914–1941 Women Through the Epochs

Author(s): Aida Spahić,Fabio Giomi,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter will briefly present the period from the beginning of World War I to the beginning of World War II in Yugoslavia in 1941 in the context of women’s activism. At the beginning it offers a brief overview of historical and social circumstances followed by an overview of women’s association, the rights for which they advocated and the factors that trammelled or, to some extent, facilitated their activity. It also gives an overview of the economic, social, educational, civil, and other rights of women in this period, as well as the atmosphere in literature, theatre and the arts. Unfortunately, many of these women have been forgotten by history, remembered only in small circles and archives. In order to preserve their biographies and contributions from fading away over time, at the end of the chapter we offer brief information about their life and work, regretting in advance that even in the pages of this book, many of the women from this period will not find their place.

Belgium létrejöttének historiográfiája, 1830-1849

Author(s): Gábor Erdődy / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The Greater the Pressure, the Better You Can Resist - Cardinal Miloslav Vlk in conflict with the communist dictatorship

Author(s): Stanislava Vodičková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

How could it happen that a priest took the role of StB collaborator? Cardinal Miloslav Vlk sees the failure of some clergymen in the lack of personal loyalty and personal relationship to Christ: If you have a “looser” character, you always somehow justify it: this is still acceptable, there could be someone even worse instead of me, and a thousand similar justifications. If you don’t choose God and the will of God radically and you mix it with what is human, it ends up like this. [...] They wanted to save the Church for the Lord, none of them did it as something evil; when making decisions, everyone looked for the positive things that such cooperation might bring, accentuated that too much, and put the negative aside. Those who think soberly see it differently. Those who are not faithful to the path of God may lose their way. [...] Unfortunately, this shows that ordination is not enough and that life based on this sacrament is also necessary.

Rejecting the Magical Power of Idols - Zdeněk Rotrekl, Brno, 1920–2013

Author(s): Petr Placák / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On 15 June 2013 the St. Thomas Church on the Moravian Square in Brno witnessed a large and solemn ceremony – a requiem for Zdeněk Rotrekl, a literary historian, critic, journalist and above all poet, a witness of truth, which in the “order of things” of the previous regime also meant a political prisoner. He died at the age of nearly ninety-three years – a doyen of not only Catholic poets, imprisoned by the communists right after seizing power at the end of the 1940s to intimidate the whole intellectual community. The remarkable terrestrial pilgrimage of a remarkable man ended at the St. Thomas Church in Brno – in the same place where Rotrekl was baptized in the early 1920s. His life story introduced the supernal order.

When You Understand, Your Fate Will Not Be So Painful - The story of Jiří Bezděk

Author(s): Jan Dvořák,Adam Hradilek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Out of thousands of Czechoslovak citizens imprisoned in the Soviet Union, only a few experienced the first Soviet concentration camp on the Solovetsky Islands. Among them was the teacher Jiří Bezděk. His imprisonment on the dreaded “Solovki” was only one painful episode in his life journey full of hardship that led through Soviet labour camps and Siberian exile to prisons in communist Czechoslovakia.

Radio Free Europe through the eyes of the State Security Service - Photographs in the dossiers on subjects of interest kept by the Communist intelligence

Author(s): Ivana Koutská ,Pavel Žáček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The State Security Service officers – including the main directorate of the intelligence – stored the acquired or created operative materials in different kinds of dossiers and files, based on their focus and importance. Materials on institutions of interest in terms of state security or intelligence, which were the subject of the operative interest of the intelligence (e.g., central authorities in countries of interest, headquarters and offices of enemy intelligence agencies, political parties, exile organizations, ideological diversion centres, etc.) were stored in what was called “dossiers on subjects of interest”. These dossiers contained documents and materials related to the “elaboration” of the institution in question, such as reports on the bases of persons of interest, including photographs. Within their individual parts, i.e. thematic sub-files and sub-files of persons being “elaborated” (types), later persons of interest (agent types and enemy individuals), materials acquired via agents or another manner were gradually accumulated.

A második világháború kirobbanásáról folyó vitákhoz

Author(s): Iván Harsányi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Az 1934. február 21-i magyar-német kereskedelmi pótegyezmény

Author(s): István Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Emlékirat és történeti valóság – Barcza György emlékiratai fényében

Author(s): Pál Pritz / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Zimmerwald – Berlin – Moszkva. A Komintern létrehozása – polgárháború és világforradalom

Author(s): Gábor Székely / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A kiterjesztett testvériség – az Atlântida című folyóirat programjának módosulása 1919 tavaszán

Author(s): Ágnes Judit Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A kereszténydemokrácia történetéhez Magyarországon

Author(s): Jenő Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A sportos katonatiszt

Author(s): Sándor Szakály / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Úloha medzištátnych vládnych výborov v slovensko-nemeckých hospodárskych vzťahoch 1939 – 1945

Author(s): Ľudovít Hallon / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Hospodárske vzťahy Slovenska s nacistickým Nemeckom, resp. s Nemeckou ríšou, v rokoch 1939 – 1945 sú už niekoľko desaťročí objektom výskumu slovenskej a čiastočne aj českej a nemeckej historiografie.2 Slovenskí historici im venovali osobitnú pozornosť v 50. a 60. rokoch. V období normalizácie však výskum stagnoval. Nová generácia historikov, nastupujúca v 90. rokoch, si opäť začala uvedomovať ich význam pre formovanie celkového nemecko-slovenského vzťahu. Z viacerých otázok sledovanej témy už bola do značnej miery spracovaná expanzia nemeckého kapitálu na Slovensku, problematika poradcov – beráterov, kľúčové hospodárske zmluvy a niektoré ďalšie otáz ky. Nasledujúca štúdia hodnotí vývoj medzivládnych rokovaní s hlavným dôrazom na doteraz nespracovaný obsah rokovaní slovensko-nemeckých vládnych výborov.

„Heslo autonómie alebo právo na odtrhnutie?“ (Komunistické ponímanie národnostnej a „slovenskej“ otázky do polovice 20. rokov)

Author(s): Xénia Šuchová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the ambiguous concept of the national and the specifically “Slovak“ questions as applied by the Czechoslovak Communists in the first half of the 1920s. Two contradictory concepts – the Austro-Marxist slogan of cultural and territorial autonomy within a multinational state and the Bolshevist claim to national self-determination leading to the separation from such a state – were followed by different streams of the former “Marxist Left“ and, later, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC). Since the Party´s activities were legal within the framework of parliamentary democracy, the search for some kind of autonomous application of the Communist International resolutions on national policy, which were binding for the Party, was marked with sharp factional struggles. On the one hand, the faction of Slovak “Communists-Nationalists“ (Slovak: “nacionálni komunisti”), belonging to the radical Left, challenged the concept of cultural autonomy and broad local self-government formulated by the moderate leaders of the Communist Party. On the other hand, it faced the slogan of full political autonomy voiced by the Slovak People's Party in accordance with the Pittsburgh Agreement. The Resolution on the National Question adopted by the 5th Congress of the Communist International held in 1924 eliminated all differences. As a result, the uniform ”revolutionary” solution to the national question was definitely imposed upon the CPC´s policy by the Executive of the Communist International in 1925.

Prvé máje v režimovej tlači 1939 -1944

Author(s): Marína Zavacká / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The First of May has remained rooted in the public memory as an exclusively “Communist holiday”. In an attempt to distinguish one-self from the previous totalitarian regime, the Communist power not only neglected but even censored the Socialist dimension of its predecessor. The wartime regime was continuously labelled as “reactionary”, “conservative” and “right-wing”. The post-1989 historiography has focused on the description of both regimes, partially in comparative studies (e.g. the concepts of totalitarianism). It has approached them as two regimes produced by two distinct sets of individuals and embedded in two different sources of ideology and power (the U.S.S.R. and Germany). There are almost no hints to mutual connections and even support, to the adoption and “inheritance” of rhetoric, rituals, programmes and activists. Dealing with the wartime May Day rituals, the study exploits period papers as an interesting source of political and medial discourse which echoed in public celebrations during the following forty years.

Premeny pohostinskej živnosti a kultúry konzumácie alkoholu na Slovensku 1918 – 1938

Author(s): Ľudovít Hallon / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 brought significant economic, political, legislative and social changes for the development of tavern trade in Slovakia. The number of Slovak tavern businesses increased, new types of businesses emerged, for example in tourism and sport. The level of hotel services also improved. However, some legislative measures and political interventions aimed to restrict production, distribution and sale of alcohol brought significant problems to the tavern trade. There were certain changes in the culture of alcohol consumption, too. One of the factors was the spread of beer consumption influenced by its popularity in the Czech lands. The other significant change was a partial decrease of high-percentage alcohol consumption. Its consumption had negative consequences mostly for social development of Slovak countryside.