“The Gullet” of the War. The Molokans from the District of Yerevan and the Rusk Preparation for the Caucasus Front in 1877

Author(s): Mariyana Piskova,Kristina Popova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The use of rusks for military needs became more and more important in the logistics of wars in the 19th century. The organization of preparation, preservation and transportation of rusks in 1877 was an “operation” according to the military documents left in the governmental archive. The Russian military command decided that the big part of the rusks needed for the Caucasus front had to be prepared by peasants – Russian settlers in the South Caucasus – especially by the so-called Molokans – as they did it for the first time in the Crimean War 1853 – 1856. The Molokans were one of the many Christian sects who lived in Russia during the 19th century, just like the Dukhobors, Mennonites and others. They rejected the participation in war because of confessional reasons. However, the war activities mobilized much more people than were actually involved in the direct armed clashes between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1877 – 1878. Religious minority populations in the Caucasus were mobilized to work night and day in harsh conditions – to dry, bake and transport flour and rusks, to load boots, camels and carts. Their resources were used for war purposes. Although the Molokans were among the sectarians who were against war and violence, their villages took part in the important work for military use.

Bibliography

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Miscellaneous languages Issue: 3/2015

Index

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Miscellaneous languages Issue: 3/2015

Книги 2012 г.

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 25/2012

Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year

Орлин Събев. Роберт Колеж и българите, София, “Изток-Запад”, 2015, 463 с.

Author(s): Rumyana Radkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2015

Book review

Бернар Лори или за изкуството да се създават извори

Author(s): Bozhidar Aleksiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

Прояви на ислямизация в Aнхиалска каза през XVI – началото на XVIII век

Author(s): Dimitar Nitsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The Islamization processes affect the territory of Anchialo kaza, like the other Rumelian lands. The motives of most of the converts are clear – salvation from slavery, less taxes, the possibility of permanent financial support from any income source and the possibility of career development in the Ottoman ruling party.

БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ГЮМЮРДЖИНСКА ОКОЛИЯ: МОБИЛНОСТ/ИМОБИЛНОСТ, НАЦИОНАЛНА ИДЕНТИЧНОСТ, ФОРМИ НА ОБМЕН (КРАЯ НА ХІХ – НАЧАЛОТО НА ХХ В.)

Author(s): Maria Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This article strives to demonstrate some of the aspects of Bulgarians’ lives in the indicated district and time period. Their local living lifestyle has been partially examined through the connection between the mobility/immobility of the people, the three forms of exchange of goods between the communities (work, marriage and education) and the national identity.There is a symbiotic connection between the mobile and the immobile population. Periodically, part of the people who are led by material reasons, social hierarchy, exogamy, matrilocalism of the marriage etc., begin to self-identify as Greeks. The rest of the community is self-identified by their Bulgarianism. During the last quarter of 19th century, the ethnical origin still does not limit the diverse individual statuses and roles. By the time of the Balkan war declaring the national identity transforms into a means for (re)defining and updating the internal and the external borders between these groups of Bulgarians, including their relations with the rest of the population within the region.

Отново за българското традиционно облекло

Author(s): Mirella Decheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article focuses on the “translation” of the language of clothing, which is characteristic of Bulgarians in modern language. The accumulated knowledge allows us to try to read the “language of clothing” as “our” ancestors “speak” and “write”. In order to read it, I draw both data about the style of Bulgarian folk clothing and examples of folk tales, ritual practices in a family environment. The aim is to reveal this “translated text” as a typical method of affirming the national identity on a local and national scale.

„Основите на мира“ от 19/31 януари 1878 г. – първото руско-турско споразумение за създаване на Българска държава (или защо Санстефанският прелиминарен договор не е началото на Нова България)

Author(s): Petko St. Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

In this article, the text of the protocol on the acceptance of the preliminary Bases of Peace, signed by representatives of Russia and the Ottoman Empire on January 19, 1878 in Adrianople, was published in Bulgarian. The analysis of the document shows that this is the first inter-state agreement at the end of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 – 1878, which envisages the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian state (Principality of Bulgaria). The boundaries of the Principality are determined according to the principle of the majority of the Bulgarian population, but cannot be less than the limits set by the Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers in 1876.

Освобождението на България в Папската медия отпреди 140 години

Author(s): Veneta Nenkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Северна Тракия – случаи на миграции и депортации през ХV – ХVІІ в. и техният исторически контекст

Author(s): Damian Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The aim of the discourse is to add informatively, so far as it is possible, and contextualize direct and indirect records from initial document sources for the status and the settlement of ethnocultural communities, different from the Bulgarian (Tartarian, Serbian, Hungarian – for instance), in Northern Thrace in the period XV – XVII century. In this way a segment of the common reconstruction of the processes of ethnodemographic and settlement dynamics in the defined geographic perimeter will be build.

Град Карлово и карловският вакъф

Author(s): Grigor Boykov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The article examines the history and the genealogy of Karlıoğlu (Karlızade) family and the important role that family members played in the complex dynamics of Ottoman politics in the second half of the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. It examines in detail the founding role of the waqf, established by Karlıoğlu Ali bey at the turn of the fifteenth century, for the establishment and the development of the town of Karlovo and the utmost importance of the pious foundation for the affirmation of the town as the administrative, economic, and cultural center of the region of Göpsa. The analysis and arguments, presented in the article are based on European and Ottoman narrative and documentary primary sources, many which hitherto unused by the related scholarship.

Nikšić Area in the Principality of Montenegro after the Berlin Congress and International Recognition in 1878

Author(s): Jovan Muhadinović / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

On the basis of extensive research in the State Archives of Montenegro in Cetinje (SAM) within the fund of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Principality of Montenegro for the period from 1880 to 1896, as well as relevant literature, we analyzed the situation in Nikšić. Nikšić with its surroundings was one of the largest regions that was annexed to Montenegro after international recognition at the Berlin Congress in 1878. We must emphasize that archival documents with these details were used for the first time in this paper. Documents of similar or the same provenance make an integral part of some monographs used in this paper, but not in this issue and with this much detail. They are about agrarian reform and the distribution of land to the families of Montenegrin soldiers. However, there is hardly no mention that the land was illegally taken from its legal owners, thus violating the provisions of the Berlin Congress of 1878. It is a well-established opinion of readers, including some historians, that Prince Nikola I Petrović Njegoš and the Montenegrin government did everything to comply with the decisions of the Berlin Congress in 1878, which recognized Montenegro internationally. However, the truth is completely different. Muslims who were in conflicts with the Principality of Montenegro for centuries had become its subjects. The best areas of land in the newly liberated regions belonged to them. Contrary to the decisions from Berlin, the Montenegrin authorities did everything to prevent the return of the refugee owners to their property. A huge number of families of Montenegrin warriors who fought against the Ottomans for centuries settled large areas of abandoned land. Cetinje’s secret policy was to prevent the owners from returning through bureaucratic pressure and delay of the process. We found that in relation to the opinion about the correct attitude of the Montenegrin authorities towards Muslims - subjects of the Ottoman Empire, who were almost entirely the population of the Nikšić region, the reality was quite different. Montenegrin authorities have been working for years to evict the Muslim population and appropriate their goods and real estate. Despite the provisions of the Congress of Berlin, which guaranteed all rights to Muslims, the Montenegrin government systematically carried out this intention to the end.

The Empire and Its Subjects: A Look at Ottoman Court Inheritance Inventories in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Author(s): Dzheni Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

Пътища за демографско възстановяване на Източния дял на Горнотракийската низина през XV–XVI век

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

In these studies, with the help of unpublished Ottoman tax registers from the group of tapu tahrir defterleri, stored in the funds of the Ottoman Archives in the city of Istanbul, the question of the ways of demographic recovery of the settlements in the Eastern part of the Upper Thracian Lowland in the period 15th – 16th c., a consequence of the military actions conducted in the area in previous centuries. For the realization of the set goal, in addition to the mentioned Ottoman Turkish documents, the achievements of modern historiography on these problems were also used. It was established that the region suffered greatly from the military actions in the period of the 12th – 14th c. At the end of the 15th c., the demographic crisis was overcome as a result of the settled slaves, freed slaves, representatives of various nomadic groups, population from the areas of military actions and the voluntary or forcibly resettled population from other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Examples of both Muslim to- non-Muslim and Christian-to-Christian slavery are presented.

За съдбата на немюсюлманското население от Централния дял на Дунавската равнина и Предбалкана по време на Дългата война (1593–1606)

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This article aims to elucidate the demographic consequences of the military campaigns led by the Wallachian voivode Mihai Viteazul south of the Danube River, as well as the possible events that took place during the First Tarnovo Uprising of 1598. The main sources used for comparison are the timar register of the Nikopol sanjak from 1579 and the two cizye registers from 1599–1602, which detail the non-Muslim taxpayers in the Nikopol and Tarnovo vilayets. The research method involves comparing data from different years across two or more registers, a preferred approach in previous ethno-demographic studies. This comparison allows for the calculation of population numbers and changes over time. The records clearly indicate significant demographic shocks in the regions of Oryahovo, Nikopol, and Pleven, with many villages and towns that flourished in 1579 becoming severely depopulated. The author attributes these changes to the devastation and population displacement caused by Mihai Viteazul’s 1598 campaign. According to the cizye register of the Tarnovo vilayet, drawn up shortly after the events of 1598, the total number of non-Muslim households in the Tarnovo region slightly increased in 1599–1600 compared to the 1579 timar register. This finding supports the notion that the First Tarnovo Uprising was not widespread and did not cause significant demographic upheavals, which would be expected in the case of a major uprising and subsequent Ottoman reprisals.

Компилация с претенции за професионална историопис

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Book review: Indjova, Iva. The Gabrovo municipality during the Revival period. Gabrovo: Ex-press, 2022. Second edition.

Изключителен принос. Книгите на френския пътешественик от XIX век д-р Ами Буе вече са с академично издание на български език

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

STRUKTURA ARKITEKTURORE E SANXHAKUT TË NISHIT GJATË PERIUDHËS OSMANE

Author(s): Mead Osmani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2021

The Ottoman Empire administered Nis and its surroundings for a very long period, more precisely from 1389 to 1878. Based on Ottoman archival sources, published works, and field studies, many cultural and social monuments of that period come to light. The number of waqf monuments that were built and registered in Serbia, Montenegro, and Sandzak (Novi Pazar) (New Yugoslavia) during the Ottoman period is 1,140. While the number of monuments that have managed to survive until today it is only 30. In Nis alone, it is mentioned that a total of 23 mosques, 2 madrasas, 4 schools, 7 tekkes, 2 public canteens (imaret), an inn, 2 hamams, 3 fountains, a castle, and a bridge have been destroyed. Therefore, the figures given in the paper do not necessarily mean to extract all the monuments of that period, because there are still many documents in different archives that researchers are expected to use in the future in order to complement the historiography, however, we hope that this study will help to fill a part of that gap.