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Новые данные о родстве московской и кирилло-белозерской редакций Стишного пролога (сентябрь–ноябрь)

Author(s): Marina Vladimirovna Chistiakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

This study of the newly discovered manuscript from the Kirillo-Belozersky redaction of the Verse Prologue (Russian National Library, Kirillo-Belozersky collection 12.1251, XVI–XVII cc.) shows that the composition of the lives of the saints and sermons in the Moscow and Kirillo-Belozersky redactions for September are virtually identical. In comparison with the Moscow redaction, the Kirillo-Belozersky redaction contains several new homilies for October and several new homiletic texts for November, while systematically omitting many of the November sermons of the Moscow redaction. This leads to the conclusion that the idea of producing the Kirillo-Belozersky redaction gradually came into being in the course of copying the manuscript from the Moscow redaction.

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Ворожю кусты одного древнерусского поучения, или Семантический вес запятой

Author(s): Nikolaj P. Antropov / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

This paper analyses a fragment of an Old Russian homily from a Corpus of Homilies dating back to 1491. It comprises a word combination “ворожю кусты”, which Alexei Sobolevsky, the first researcher of the text, had separated by a comma, causing a misin terpretation of the fragment. It has been determined that the lexeme кусты found in the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle is unrelated to the one found in the homily. Therefore, this lexeme could be replacing what originally was куксы, appearing as a result of creative copying.

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О родстве московской и кирилло-белозерской редакций Стишного пролога

Author(s): Marina Vladimirovna Chistiakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2012

The Versed Synaxarion of the Kirillo-Belozersky collection 1.1240, created in Rostov diocese in 1452 and preserved at the Russian National Library, is the oldest copy of the Kirillo-Belozersky edition of the Versed Synaxarion. The comparison of its structure with the Moscow edition of the Versed Synaxarion (Russian State library, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, no. 720, 721, 722) suggests there is a relationship between the two editions. Textual analysis was employed to reconstruct the common prototype of the two editions. The Tarnovo edition in this “proto-edition” has been supplemented with homilies for selected dates. These homilies are a common feature of the Kirillo-Belozersky and Moscow editions alone and are not commonly found in other Eastern Slavic editions of the Versed Synaxarion. Comparison of the structure of the Kirillo-Belozersky 1.1240 and the Moscow edition demonstrates that some texts in the copy 1.1240 have been either edited or deleted, and an additional comparison with the Simple Synaxarion has been made. The Moscow edition is less innovative and is not affected by these changes. Individual homilies in the Kirillo-Belozersky edition derive from the Alphabetical Jerusalem Paterikon, the Slavic Compilation Paterikon, and the Rome Paterikon as well as from some detailed versions of the lives of the saints; the Kirillo-Belozersky edition has little in common with the corpus of individual sermons of the Moscow edition, which includes the homilies of Isaac the Syrian, Nikita Stethatos, Ephrem the Syrian, Abba Dorotheus, and other authors

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Construction of Orthodox Churches in Estonia: Formation of Style (1840s–1860s)

Author(s): Alexander Bertasch / Language(s): English Issue: 03+04/2021

The article examines the construction of Orthodox churches in Estonia in the 1840s–1860s, focusing on the peculiarities and significance of that process as a specific historical and cultural phenomenon. These monuments, little studied before, occupy a prominent place in the country’s cultural heritage, especially in rural areas. The critical contexts of this phenomenon are 1) historical, i.e. the necessity of building churches for the Estonian peasants who converted from Lutheranism to Orthodoxy in the 1840s, and 2) cultural, i.e. the designing and constructing of Orthodox churches stimulated the development of professional architecture in Estonia. A significant number of churches have been attributed and the biographies of Baltic architects of this period have been studied for the first time.

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Wpływ sekurytyzacji Ukraińskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego w jedności z Patriarchatem Moskiewskim na zmiany w ustawodawstwie wyznaniowym Ukrainy po 2013 r.

Author(s): Tomasz Szyszlak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2021

The article presents the impact of the process of securitization of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) on the changes in Ukrainian law on religion since the Revolution of Dignity (Euromaidan). Securitization as a concept originated in security sciences belongs to constructivist approaches because under these approaches the threat is not a real phenomenon. The threat is subjectively indicated by the actor of the process and recognized as such by its recipients. Although this study is not concerned with the securitization process itself, it emphasizes the circumstances surrounding its consequences for law on religion. Among these circumstances is the war in Donbas and granting autocephaly to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The article discusses the normative acts adopted after 2013, which oblige the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to include its subordination to the Russian Orthodox Church in its name, making it easier for parish communities to change their jurisdictional subordination and hindering the functioning of military pastoral care in the Armed Forces and other military formations.

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«Эмотивные ключи» в творениях Свт. Кирилла Туровского

Author(s): Lyubov Levshun / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2021

The author shows how emotive means when falling into the sphere of Christian iconology, are transformed into tools for the spiritual change of a person. One such tool is represented by emotive keys. In the prayers of St Kirill Turovsky they are represented by such varieties as “liturgical emotive keys” – fragments of liturgical sequences (direct quotations, individual reminiscences and/or allusions, centons from reminiscences, allusions, paraphrases, etc.) and “emotive toposes” – images specific to the Pax Christiana culture, easily recognizable by its adherents (hyperbolized self-abasement, different types of metaphors).

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Об одной эпитафии Димитрию Ростовскому (К истории жанра эпитафии в XVIII в.)

Author(s): Marina A. Fedotova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article analyzes an epitaph dedicated to Dimitry of Rostov. It was written in Ukraine after the death of the metropolitan in 1709, but before his official canonization in 1757. Unlike the two other well-known epitaphs dedicated to Saint Dimitry (the funeral oration by Stephen Yavorsky and the inscription by Michail Lomonosov engraved on the silver icon case of his tomb complex), this text, which belongs to the syllabic epitaph genre, was an inscription under Dimitry’s lifetime portrait that was kept in the Novgorod-Seversky monastery. This epitaph, like the first two texts, can be clearly characterized as a baroque text, however, it differs significantly from them in content and style. It reflects other artistic phenomena of baroque poetics and has the features of synthesis, a combination of an iconographic image and signature, illustrations and text, words and images. The portrait-icon with verses was delivered to Rostov to metropolitan Arseny (Matseevich) through Fyodor Dubyansky, the confessor of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. For a long time, it was preserved at the tomb of St. Dimitry in the interior of the Trinity (Conception) monastery. This epitaph reflects the Ukrainian tradition, in which portraits with epitaphs were hung at the graves of bishops and churchwardens. Who was the author of this epitaph to Dimitry of Rostov? It was most certainly a representative of the Ukrainian elite who knew Dimitry’s biography very well. Perhaps it was Ioann (Maksimovich), the future metropolitan of Tobolsk. The location of the original icon with the inscription is unknown, but a copy has survived in the museum of the KievPechersk monastery. However, this epitaph continued to exist in the written tradition. Several copies of it are known, and its text was reproduced and perceived separately from the iconographic model as a hagiographic text. It served, in turn, as a source of other such texts dedicated to Dimitry of Rostov and created after his canonization. The subsequent fate of this epitaph is also associated with the phenomena of the new cultural epoch, in which different types of art did not merely complement each other, but also led to the expansion of artistic expression, to the creation, interaction and interchangeability of new artistic forms, evolution of genre, which are undoubtedly important for the studying the genre poetics of the 18th century.

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Концепт «кутейник» в русском литературном обиходе

Author(s): Gleb M. Zapalsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article is dedicated to the notion of ‘kuteynik’, which spread around post-reform Russia. Explanatory, historical, dialect and other dictionaries, fiction literature, publicistic works and ego-documents are used as sources. Several concurrent processes associated with the evolution of this term in the 16th — 20th centuries are analyzed: the switch from neutral semantics to pejorative and the occasional return to neutral; its transition from church lexicon to vulgar, then to literary and at last to archaic language; the expansion of its meaning — from a certain churchman who cooked ‘kutia’ to all the lower-tier clerics and then to all clergy and the people with clerical roots. The history of this notion is analyzed in detail for the first time, not only in linguistic terms, but also in connection with social processes. The period of expansion of the term ‘kuteynik’ as pejorative (18th — early 20th centuries) was the time of clergy’s establishment as a class with hereditary traditions and isolated higher stratum (priests) and lower stratum (deacons and lower clerics) with in it. Nobles, peasants and clerics used the notion of ‘kuteynik’ in different meanings. For the first two groups it was a pejorative term (for different reasons) and a marker of exclusion, while clerics could use it both as pejorative and as a neutral word. The author assumes that hereditary mechanisms created a demand for pejoratives that shifted the focus from the spiritual, pastoral clerical service to specific foods, It concentrated on everyday life, which had its specifics in the homogeneous social environment and was is contrast with the traditions of other strata.

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В. Г. Распутин о христианской основе русской литературы

Author(s): Olga Yureva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article examines the Christian foundation of the aesthetic views of V. G. Rasputin, which he expressed in various speeches, journalistic articles, and literary works. Tying Russian literature with the adoption of Christianity in Russia, Rasputin argued that it inherited the “science of the soul” taught by the church, patristic principles, and Christian laws and commandments. All the criteria for evaluating literary phenomena of the past and present for the writer are based on Christian categories and laws. Rasputin understands literature as the main factor in the formation of the Russian nation, along with the Orthodox faith, as a “powerful incentive” “for the creation of a Russian person.” Literature contributed to the “artistic and moral design of the soul” of the Russian person, fulfilled a “priestly mission.” Rasputin considered the most important thing in the writer’s work to be its spiritual and moral impact on the reader. The writer believed that the primary task of Russian literature at the present stage of development is “the salvation of the nation,” “the salvation of Russian spirituality.” As the writer claimed, the basis of Russian civilization is the redemptive synodic principle. The writer’s views are embodied in his work, which recreates a truly “Orthodox image of the world.”

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Божието осияние в богословско-философските възгледи на Псевдо-Дионисий Ареопагит и св. Максим Изповедник

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The article examines the relationship between one God-Creator and His creation, considering how His emanation to the world (to the creation) takes place and how the arranged in hierarchical order angels and people receive the divine energies in order to turn themselves to Him afterwards. These energies reach the created being (existence) through one divine ray, which radiance penetrates all the members of the Celestial and Ecclesiastical hierarchy in order to purify, enlighten and perfect them. The purpose of the whole hierarchy is the metamorphosis and deification of everything that exists through the power of the eternal and uncreated divine light (energy, grace), and this deification is achieved personally (hypostatic) in a personal spiritual experience of a man with God. The study tries to clarify who are the main participants in this process, where and how they are located and what is the relationship between them. In this way, the article combines some of the most important theological and philosophical views of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and St. Maximus the Confessor.

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Волята в перспективата на христологията на преп. Максим Изповедник

Author(s): Petar Uzunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The article focuses on the Christological foundations of the problem of will, as they are set out mainly in the theological and polemical works of St. Maximus the Confessor and the Dispute with Pyrrhus. The doctrine of will is considered, marking the contribution of St. Maximus in the development and finalization of the Chalcedonian Christological concept. In the context of this exposition, various scientific interpretations are presented as to whether there is a change in his position on the question of the existence of a gnomic will in Christ and the development of his doctrine of one action, concluding that the Venerable does not essentially change positions. The historical ground and preconditions for the emergence of the Monothelite doctrine and its organic connection with the Monophysite theology are outlined. In conclusion, the problem of the deification of the human will, as a consequence of the perichoresis of nature in the Person of the Savior and his eschatological dimensions, is considered.

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Свободна воля, провидение и предопределение във византийската традиция

Author(s): Georgi Kapriev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The paper explains the theories of will and freedom throughout the intellectual history of Byzantium. In this context, decisive differences with the Latin tradition are also commented on. The problem network encompasses topics such as decision-making, providence, fate, and predestination.

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Памятники древнерусской лексикографии в сборнике Прохора Коломнятина

Author(s): Alexander Levichkin,Natalya V. Savelyeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4-5/2021

The article describes the monuments of Old Russian lexicography recorded in a manuscript created in 1668 by monk Prokhor Kolomnyatin, a Russian teacher and lexicographer. The dictionary “Tolkovanie o psaltyrnykh slovesekh” (‘Interpretation of the Psalms’), following a well-known tradition represented by numerous copies, could have been borrowed by the author from the Moscow edition of the Psaltyr of 1641. The dictionary “Latinskie rechi” (‘Latin Words’) is a translation of the Latin-Greek dictionary attributed to Matthew Blastares and included in his “Sintagma” (‘Syntagma’); one of the Slavic copies of this book served as a source for a Latin dictionary in the manuscript of 1668. The third text, “Perevodnye rechi s grecheskogo yazyka na slovenskii” (‘Translated Words from Greek into Slovenian’), is a Greek-Russian dictionary which is built on a thematic principle. This monument is based on the materials of the azbukovniks (‘alphabet books’), as well as the words and phrases of “Rech’ tonkosloviya grecheskogo” (‘Words of Greek Subtlety’), which were borrowed by Prokhor Kolomnyatin from “Vtoroi azbukovnik” (‘The Second Alphabet Book’). In the division of the lexical material into thematic groups, one can assume the influence of the works of Jan Amos Comenius. Although the work on compiling the Greek-Russian dictionary remained unfinished, it was the principle of its construction that served as a model for the recording of three new phrasebook dictionaries created by Prokhor Kolomnyatin.

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The conflict over the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy as an element of the hybrid war

Author(s): Tomasz Szyszlak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has once again demonstrated that the concept of atheism and the fight against religion propagated by the communists did not bring the expected results. On the contrary, religion has become a factor that connects societies in the republics of the former USSR with the former metropolis, especially for Slavic and Orthodox populations. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that the problem of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy has been exploited in the current Russian-Ukrainian dispute, described as a post-imperial hybrid war. The aim of this article is to show how both sides of the conflict are using the issue of the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodoxy.

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Greek Catholic and Orthodox shrines in the Polish People’s Republic as examples of destroying and saving the cultural heritage of the frontier

Author(s): Roman Drozd / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The shrine constituting the centre of spirituality was inseparable from the religious life of the Ukrainian people. The deportations of Ukrainians from the south-east of Poland in 1944–1947 exposed their churches to intentional and unintentional devastation. The communist authorities aimed to erase the traces of Ukrainian people in that area therefore they were not interested in preserving the abandoned Greek Catholic shrines. What is more, they even encouraged their demolition. One way to save them was allowing them to be taken over by the Roman Catholic Church. However, it often involved a change to their interior décor. The best solution was allowing them to be taken over by the Orthodox Catholic Church, or transferring them to open-air museums as museum objects.

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Augustin – al doilea Atanasie

Author(s): Fabian Doboş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 67/2021

The current article highlights the resemblance between the great Holy Fathers of the Church: St. Athanasius and St. Augustine. In the middle 4th century, when St. Augustine was born, Christians were already divided into two main parties: those agreeing with the faith profession of Nicaea (325) and those who were against. The pro-Nicaean party was lead with maximum tenacity for almost half of a century by St. Athanasius. Even if the whole world seemed to be touched by Arianism, Athanasius stood steady on his decision to defend the creed expressed by the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. Shortly after the decease of this great defender of the faith in Alexandria, the converted Augustine receives the baptism on Easter night in 387, through the hands of the famous Bishop of Milano, St. Ambrosius. After that, Augustine joined with full strength in mind and spirit, the fight against the heretics, taking the lead of the party faithful to the Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed. These two great saints left their spiritual mark on Christian Antiquity, because, while presenting the Christian Doctrine to the pagans, they were also correcting the heretics, and strengthening the faithful Christians in living fully agreeing to the Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed.

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Jeden rosyjski realonim czasownikowy w konfrontacji przekładowej

Author(s): Roman Lewicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 174/2021

The paper is situated within the stream of culture-oriented translation studies, which intend to track confrontation between the addressee and the cultural context alien to him/her. It is within the line of contemporary humanities research, which aims at focusing on cultural and behavioural differentiation of societies. The subject of the current analysis is the Russian verb govet‘ (говеть), which belongs to the group of realogisms — names of specific elements of foreign reality, in particular, referring to the sphere of Orthodox religious rituals as transferred in translations. The corpus for analysis comprises 11 literary works from the 19th and 20th century, which were used to extract contexts containing the analyzed lexeme based on the Russian National Corpus together with its renderings into Polish. The analysis demonstrates different degree of transfer of particular elements of semantic structure, a diversity of techniques of translation used in the process as well as the implementation of syntactic changes as a vehicle for avoiding searching for an equivalent for the Russian lexeme. The conclusion of the study is that Polish translations have a tendency for cultural adaptation and fail to underline the distinctive nature of the Orthodox religious tradition.

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Православний анекдот як явище сучасної Православної культури

Author(s): Olha Olehivna Smolina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the Orthodox joke as a phenomenon of modern Orthodox culture. Methodology. In the context of the culturological approach, the method of comparative analysis, induction, deduction, typology, and classification was used. Scientific Novelty. For the first time the phenomenon of the Orthodox joke was investigated in the context of cultural studies; assumptions were made regarding the time and reasons for its appearance; its sources are highlighted, the typology of the Orthodox joke is proposed; supplemented with data on the cultural specificity of this phenomenon. Conclusions. In secular and folk culture, a joke is a form of uncensored folk art, a sphere of dissent. The Orthodox joke, by contrast, is one of the ways of preachingand does not oppose the official church line. A parable in the form of a joke is more understandable and acceptable to the cultural consciousness of a modern person. The following types of Orthodox jokes are distinguished: curious cases from the history of the church, the life of individual parishes, or pastoral practice; «Children's perception of religion»; «In front of Paradise doors»; «Dialogue between a believer and an unbeliever»; self-irony of Orthodox monks and laity. The development of the genre of the Orthodox joke testifies to the processes of adaptation of the Orthodox culture, which exists under the prevailing secular culture.

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Монументальний живопис великої Печерської церкви кінця ХIХ століття як інтерпретація його давньоруського образу

Author(s): Maryna Afanasiyivna Bardik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the article is to discover the mural paintings of the Great Pechersk Church as the version of theology and academic sacred mural painting of the late 19th century. The research methodology is based on complex using historical and cultural analysis, art study analysis, and biographical method. Scientific novelty. It is determined that the process of creating the Old Russian image in the Great Pechersk Church (the Dormition Cathedral) began in 1880. The photo of the drawing of the ancient part of the Church made by the order of A. Prakhov in 1893, has been introduced into scientific circulation. The author studied the painting decoration as a synthesis of the academic theological thought and academic sacred mural painting, discovered its implementation in choosing topics, plots, and placement of compositions. The author gave a characteristic of the source corps on the paintings from the collection of the National Preserve "Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra". The author researched the transformation of painting preliminary design and Byzantine Canon of the 11–12th centuries on behalf of the Holy Mother of God theme and observed the connection of the composition "Ascension of Panagia" on the tradition of monastic life in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The topical and plotlines have been improved namely Christianize Old Russian is determined by one more leading topic. Conclusions. The process of creating a new mural painting in the Great Pechersk Church began still yet 1880. The detection of the ancient part of the Church contributed to the change in its painting decoration. This change was the result of the academic theological program implemented by means of academic sacred mural painting. The tradition of previous painting decoration preserved in the preliminary design end reflected one of the traditions of monastic life in the KyivPechersk Lavra. The witness in Pechersk Paterikon of the compositions in the Great Church has been implemented in mural paintings. However, the academic theological opinion of the late 19th century was subordinated to the canon of 11–12th centuries not complete. The theme of the introduction of Christianity was presented in mural painting as one of the leading topics.

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Фестивалі духовних піснеспівів у соціокультурному просторі України кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століть

Author(s): Oleksandr Nikolaevich Antonenko,Margaryta Murativna Antonenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of festivals of spiritual songs in the context of the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the late twentieth – early twentieth century. The methodology is based on historical and culturological approaches. A systematic method is also used to characterize festivals of the Orthodox music tradition in their connection with other components of culture; socio-cultural method – in the study of socio-cultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the activity of festivals of Orthodox sacred music as a new phenomenon in the musical culture of Ukraine is comprehensively analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence and active functioning of festivals of spiritual songs is one of the leading trends in the development of Orthodox musical culture in Ukraine. The ideological direction of the festivals is primarily of religious content, and, in addition to overcoming the negative trends in the field of culture, their leading function is the revival of orthodox traditions. Festivals of sacred music in Ukraine currently perform two main functions: educational and cultural. They contribute to the revival of the traditions of orthodox musical culture; demonstrate the traditions of orthodoxy in modern socio-cultural conditions; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine.

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