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PARADIGMA UNITĂȚII NAȚIONALE LA MITROPOLITUL SIMION ȘTEFAN

Author(s): Remus Onişor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

Saint Simion Ștefan, in delicate religious climate, prints The New Testament in Romanian. He accepted the conditions imposed by the Calvin superintendent, transforming these conditions into something positive for the Church and the national culture, turning a negative into a positive. Because of this translation, the Romanian language will permeate faster into the cult. Simion Ștefan is the promotor of the affirmation of the Romanian language, of the circulations of words and neologisms. He was a hierarch filled with boldness, courage and ability, and his translations are a preamble of national unity.

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Amor omnia vincit!

Author(s): Liviu Petcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Love, from the Christian perspective, is the likeness of imago Dei that has been imprinted on our lives and the constituent elements of the universe. Man, through his own nature, acknowledges his need to establish a direct relationship with the personal God by continuously aiming at the Absolute because the power to love has been instilled in his heart. Man is internally driven to open himself through love because he stands on the foundation that created and maintains this tendency in him, that of communion with the Persons of the Holy Trinity which is the eternal and the paramount reciprocal openness in the light of love. God anticipates a prompt response to His call to His ocean of love from which He wants to impart waves, but, He will do this according to one’s thirst and readiness. He loves each of us, He will bestow everything upon us, on one condition: that we turn and take steps toward Him so that we should receive Him. Man is invited to reciprocate God’s love with his love and interact with all men in the power of humble and sacrificial love that he received through intimate communion with Him. It is my intention to approach in the lines below these topics that I state and propose for the readers’ consideration: love for God as a response of man to God’s agape love for him, love for man’s neighbor in the name of God – this is the distinctive sign of good Christians – and, at the same time, the new commandment of the new era. The classic paradigms of Christian love have also been briefly broached in a subchapter. The subject matter of this paper consists of the conviction that God bestowed life on us also because He desired to teach us to eternally love Him and our neighbors, ever more intensely.

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The Titles of Christ in the Lamentations Service of Holy Saturday

Author(s): Alexandru Prelipcean / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This study aims to develop the appointments given to Jesus Christ in the Lamentations Service of Holy Saturday. Beyond the news of this topic, the study seeks to find, on the one hand, the parallels between the biblical and the hymnographical text, on the other hand, based on internal cues to prove while composing this song of Lamentations, sung in the Holy Week.

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Partaking of Fish – Uniformity and Diversity within Worship Ordinances

Author(s): Nicolae Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The partaking of fish on Wednesdays and Fridays, during Pentecost, is a liturgical issue of high relevance, because it concerns many faithful of our Church, especially because this liturgical specification was generalized and introduced in most church calendars. Unfortunately, there has not been extensive research on the specification “partaking of fish”, which we encounter in the church calendar, although the way it was understood was different.

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BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS IN THE PRINTED WORKS OF BRANCOVEANU’S AGE

Author(s): Agnes Terezia Erich / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2018

During the reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu, an impressive number of works were printed; they were intended to cover as broad a range as possible from various areas of the religious or public life of his age. It should be noted that their illustrations stand out through an elegant page layout, numerous title sheets, frontispieces, vignettes, flamboyant initial letters, engravings, which come to enrich the remarkable graphic aspect of prints in those times. Title sheets are in the form of a plate, and representations of Jesus, of the Virgin Mary and of the four Evangelists are frequent, usually placed in ornamental medallions. Full-page engravings of saints or religious images and frontispieces with scene in which Jesus, the Saint Virgin and other biblical figures appear are also to be noted.

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PARADOXICAL RECEPTION OF SANDU TUDORʼS WORKS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Author(s): Carmen Ciornea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2017

The present study aims to be a recovery of the suffering, of the victims of the Second World War, Sandu Tudor's biography being approached as exempla. The observation of the up to the edge experiences he went through is, we believe, an effective method to reconstruct historical phenomena and processes that also can facilitate bringing to light the obscured areas. The presentation of the investigation and the process in which Monk Agathon was involved are added to the samples of spiritual dare and sacrifice of the director of "Credința (Faith)", one of the representatives of the elite of the spiritualist younger generation who placed his existence into a continuous war held in the name of Orthodoxy, for the promotion of spiritual and social dimension of faith, rooted in liturgical horizon, was a constant and fervent mission of our subject. The Second World War was for Sandu Tudor, apparently paradoxically, a time of deepening his spiritual and clerical searches, a stage in the formation of the one who was to become the founder of the Burning Altar. In our try to re-build a real image of the process in which Monk Agathon (Sandu Tudor) was involved, we conjunction the documents from the archive C.N.S.A.S. with interwar press.

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ELOHIM, BETWEEN THE MAGIC OF THE NAME AND THE THEOLOGICAL MAGIC

Author(s): Petru Adrian Danciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2018

Our approach is to construct a Christian imaginary structure around a Semitic name. Elohim and the linguistically construction "bene-Elohim" will preoccupy the Orthodox theology in the process of analyzing the sacred text. We want to point out here only the Orthodox perspective in all its interpretative aspects. The divine names remain definitive for dogmatic space, a magic that theology will never be able to detach.

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1882 — Anul Aparitiei Revistei „Candela” a Mitropoliei Bucovinei

Author(s): Justinian-Remus Cojocar / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+04/2017

The history of the religious-literary journal „Candela” begins in 1882, when the worthy of remembrance Silvestru Morariu Andrievici was Archbishop of Cernăuți and Metropolitan of Bukovina and Dalmația (1880-1895). „Candela” was the official church journal of the Metropolitan of Bukovina reaching every village, city, parochial and city library and institution. On the 8th (20th) of April 1882, the Metropolitan Silvestru Morariu Andrievici issued The Circular and The Regulations for the religious literary Journal of Cernăuți. He sent the two documents, on the 17th (29th) of April 1882 (entrance number 30) for publication in Foaia Ordinăciunilor a Consistoriului arhiepiscopal în afacerile Arhidiecezei ortodoxe orientale a Bucovinei, no. 4, year 1882. As an official bulletin of The Orthodox Church in Bukovina, „Candela” was to give prestige to the diocese and identity to the Church and the Romanians in Bukovina.

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Relațiile Patriarhiei De Antiohia Cu Țările Române și Închinarea Mănăstirii Sfântul Nicolae Domnesc Popăuți (II)

Author(s): Gheorghe Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+04/2017

This study presents for the first time, in its second part, starting from the historical context illustrated in the first part, the dedication of Monastery Saint Nicholas Popăuți to the Patriarchate of Antioch by Constantin Racoviță, the Prince of Moldavia, being in a constant correspondence with Patriarch Sylvester; also identifying the properties of the monastery from Botoșani, Vaslui and from Bessarabia and, implicitly, of new founders, by detecting and using the documentary sources in national and foreign archives as well as the evolution of the properties until the secularization.

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Necesitatea unei noi ediții critice Grecești a canoanelor bisericii Ortodoxe și problematica criticii textuale

Author(s): Răzvan Perșa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+04/2017

Starting from the actual stage of development of the textual criticism of Greek texts, especially of the New Testament, I want to emphasize in this study the need of a new complete critical edition of the canons of the Orthodox Church. This necessity is imposed by the textual differences found in the manuscripts that can lead to different interpretations of particular canons and by the lack of a complete critical edition. The existing ones are either non-critical, incomplete, or they do not cover the whole tradition of manuscripts, sometimes not even the most important ones. In order to prove the need of a new critical edition of the canons, I have examined the most important existing editions by highlighting the positive and the negative aspects from the perspective of textual criticism. The editions that were examined in the present article are those of: Georgios A. Rhalles (Γεώργιος Α. Ράλλης) and Michael Potles (Μιχαήλ Ποτλής), the edition of Cardinal Jean Baptiste Pitra, the edition of Périclès-Pierre Joannou and the latest edition of Heinz Ohme.

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Spațiul Românesc postcomunist: între secularizare și redescoperirea credinței

Author(s): Grațiela Teodora Vlad / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+04/2017

Overtime, the Romanian Orthodox Church has suffered a series of significant and decisive transformations. Thus, taking in order to survive and be able to maintain its position in society, its leaders accepted to make sacrifices which implied being part of the political system. Hence, in order to prevent massive atheisation, a new political-social-spiritual interference occurs, that has both beneficial and harmful effects. This way, the Romanian Orthodox Church gets involved in several identity crises, but through the collective consciousness and historical sacrifices, it manages to regain its position in society.

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Teologia existenţei la Vladimir Soloviov, Pavel Florenski şi Serghei Bulgakov

Author(s): Ioniţă Apostolache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+04/2017

Vladimir Soloviov, Pavel Florenski and Serghei Bulgakov are through their ideas an important step in the direction of a theology of dialogue. They cross over through the old conceptions of the previous period and, starting with them, the Russian Orthodoxy receive more consistence in the process of his affirmation. Each of them has a personal and specific note, very important in the problematic of the Christian existence (or anthropology). Therefore, whether Soloviov try to justify the divine sense of created existence, Florenski is more preoccupated by the relationship between reason and believe. On the other hand, Bulgakov offers a very good explanation regarding the love between God and the created world in the context of kenotic theology. In our study, we try to discover the most important coordinates between this tree Russian theologians. Is also in our preoccupation to analyse the specific of Russian theology in the issue of existence and to see the links between the old philosophical preoccupation and the new way of religious thinking.

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Epectaza de după moartea fizică, în lumina învățăturii Sfântului Grigorie de Nyssa

Author(s): Liviu Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2017

Gregory of Nyssa's theology of the spiritual life has come in for special study in recent years. While many Greek theologians have described the soul’s movement toward God, even using the word ἐπέκτασις drawing on Paul’s participle in Phil. 3, 13, Gregory is original in claiming that man’s ultimate end is itself and endless progression. The τέλος of life is beatitude, because we are blessed by participation in God, and thus both the definition of human beatitude and the τέλος of life according to virtue consists in assimilation to Him. On the one hand, God is satisfying the soul. But Gregory’s eschatology is summed up in a paradox, that our satisfaction is never to be satisfied. Such is the dynamic, on-going process of ἐπέκτασις, a movement beyond all experience, for the good, as Gregory so often points out, is not circumscribed by death. The summit of religious experience, even after death, is not marked by satisfaction, but by desire. Saint Gregory stands out among Christians theologian for developing an eschatology that denies the soul final knowledge, rest and satisfaction in God.

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Lacrimi de sfinți. Aspecte ale prigoanei împotriva credinței, în sistemul concentraționar românesc

Author(s): Ioan C. Teșu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2017

The study entitled „Tears of Saints” describes a part of the humility and sufferings of the Romanian Orthodox Church, during the second half of the last century, caused by the Atheist Communist Regime. The author emphasises the brutality of the „reeducation” and of the „Pitești Experiment”, that took part in Pitești Prison. The moral and religious virtues proved by the heroes of the anti-communist fight are described in particular. Some of these sublime characters are contemporary saints who sacrificed their lives in order to save the faith and spiritual values.

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Seminarişti hirotoniţi preoţi şi diaconi din Eparhia Mitropoliei Moldovei și Sucevei, slujitori ai altarelor în 1864

Author(s): Ion I. Solcanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2016

The Doxology Publishing House publics in 2012, with the blessing of His Eminence Metropolitan Teophan, the volume „Receive the Holy Spirit...”. The registry of ordinations in deacon and priest in the Archdiocese of Iaşi (1875-1985). The list of deacons and priests ordained in the Diocese of Moldova and Suceava published in the study below was drawn by the „Clergy Division” for „Schools Division” with the purpose to consider them as teachers. Some of deacons and priests included in the list were, in addition to the minister of the altars, teachers too, before 1864. On the basis of this submitted list, the „Schools Division” will select other deacons and priests to become teachers.

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Educația în gândirea și lucrarea mitropoliților Moldovei Iacob Putneanul, Iacob Stamati și Veniamin Costachi

Author(s): Ion Vicovan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2016

Our Church has always been focused on the education of its spiritual sons and daughters, irrespective of their age. This essential work has been revealed in many forms: preaching, confessing, building schools, writing and printing textbooks for students or books for general teaching, etc. The Metropolitan Iacob Putneanul, Iacob Stamati and Veniamin Costachi are only those few among many hierarchs of our Church who consistently and systematically focused on this work; hence, the name given in their hounor by their contemporaries or descendants (“The Romanians’ Pestalozzi” or “The Enlightener of Moldova”). Beyond this thorough and fundamental education provided by means of the pulpit or the confession chair, they were the founders of numerous and various schools, they wrote and published the first textbooks, they made sustained effort in introducing or reintroducing the Romanian language in schools and Church, as well as printing countless religious books, teachings, many of which had important prefaces underlining the benefits of education, emphasizing the final human destination – “rejoicing into God”.

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Relațiile Patriarhiei de Antiohia cu țările române și închinarea Mănăstirii Sfântul Nicolae Domnesc Popăuți (I)

Author(s): Gheorghe Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09+12/2016

This study presents, in the first part, the relations of the Patriarchate of Antioch with the Romanian countries from the beginning to the middle of the eighteenth century, having as personalities involved, the Antiochian patriarchs: Joachim V Daw, Macarios III Zaim, Athanasius III Dabbas and Sylvester of Antioch the Cypriot, and on the Romanian side, their contemporary princes from Moldavia and Wallachia. Together with the presentation of these relations, it is highlighted the historic importance for the Romanians of the journey of Macarios III Zaim, the missionary and cultural activity of the Patriarchs Athanasius III Dabbas and Sylvester, following the valuing of the contributions of some Romanian and foreign authors, as well as some original or insufficiently used sources by the researchers. By deepening the relations of the last patriarch mentioned, it is presented his struggle to defend the Orthodox faith, aggressed by the propaganda of Catholic missionaries, and the justified support given by the Romanian Principalities for the printing of the first Orthodox books in the Levantine territories and for the establishment of the first Orthodox book workshop in Lebanon and especially for the salvation of this apostolic patriarchate, aggressed by political and religious opponents, by providing lasting financial resources and the dedication of two monasteries: „Saint Spyridon” from Bucharest and „Saint Nicholas” Popăuți.

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Ortodoxie şi islam în sec. al XVIII-lea. Locul şi rolul lui Dimitrie Cantemir în epocă

Author(s): Adrian Boldişor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09+12/2016

The interreligious dialogue is not a new theme in the history of Christianity, the possibility of its realization being analysed from the early centuries. Nowadays, the way that other religions are viewed has changed essentially, the religious, political, economic and social realities, being completely different than in the beginning. However, a correct handling of interreligious dialogue cannot disregard the past, more than that, the ideas from the works of the Holy Fathers, church writers, theologians and old thinkers remain valid and are used as themes in the current discussions of the interreligious dialog. Among them, an important place takes Cantemir, the Prince of Moldavia, who lived for a long time in Constantinople. His works, which deals with the history of the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic doctrine, have their basis in the personal experience and in the depth knowledge of the main Islamic sources that helped him to give to posterity the representative works for the knowledge of the Muslim religion and relations between Christianity and Islam during the development and decay of the Ottoman Empire. The way he presents the relation between Christianity and Islam, approaches him to the other Christian writers of his time which are addressing the same topic, highlighting the sadness of an era in which the great Christian empire fell under Ottoman rule and also the hopes of the Orthodox worldwide Christians to release the Christianity, having central the idea of approaching the apocalyptic time when Christianity will triumph.

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John (Patrick) Ramsey, The Minor Clergy of the Orthodox Church: Their role and life according to the canons

Author(s): Emilian Roman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+08/2016

Review of: John (Patrick) Ramsey, "The Minor Clergy of the Orthodox Church: Their role and life according to the canons", (Clerul inferior al Bisericii Ortodoxe: Rolul și viața lor în conformitate cu canoanele), CreateSpace, 2016, 90 p.; by: Emilian Roman

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Representation of the Saints in Orthodox Iconography

Author(s): Veronica Gheorghiță,Alexandrina Pădurețu / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2014

In Romanian iconography, the icon is described as an image of truth, expressing, strengthening and teaching the truth of orthodox faith. Adept and guardian of the byzantine style, the icon depicts the saints in their divine and human nature, but has traits that show the holiness, perfection and simplicity of their life. Given that the saints have been seen as modest, abstinent, fasting people, they have never been portrayed as overweight, but thin, with hollow cheeks and a frail physical appearance. In fact, the iconographic representations are characterized by a high ability to summarize the reality, the physical appearance of the saints being non-anatomical, disproportionate. Lately, it has been noticed in certain iconographic representations a change in painting style: to reproduce reality as faithfully as possible. The orientation toward the icon's external beauty involved the redefinition of the iconic portrait of the saints, who are depicted as human as possible.

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