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Quantum Islam: Towards a new worldview

Author(s): Murray Hunter,Azly Rahman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In concluding our essay on Tawhidic-Singularity as a new philosophy of Islam, we proposed that Muslims need to interpret the core teaching of One-ness from a kaleidoscopic perspective. We asked readers to reflect upon the applicability of Chaos or Complexity Theory to view Islam as an organic and living religion inviting its believers to look at the concept of One-ness as the manifesting of Many-ness. In this essay, we go deeper into the discussion of the soul of the Quran itself and how Muslims could perceive and read it as a postmodern text with multiple-level meanings based on his/her unique life experiences. We wish to propose the worldview of “Quantum Islam,” as a new way looking at this cultural belief system. We invite readers to think of Islam as more than just unquestioning faith and rites and rituals but as an evolving text to be made alive. The idea of a “living Quran” is a means of perceiving and feeling one’s existence as a world of interconnectedness. This world of deep personal connectivity is a world of the physical, emotional and spiritual self as it exists in the realm of the Universal self as a world designed as a Quantum being in itself.

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Husein Đozo i reformističko tumačenje islama

Author(s): Seid Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

Husein Đozo je jedan od najuticajnijih naših savremenih muslimanskih mislilaca. Istovremeno, on je izuzetno značajan predstavnik islamskog reformizma kod nas. Mi ćemo u ovom radu pokušati da analiziramo osnovne saznajne principe njegovog reformističkog razumevanja islama i Kur’ana. Služeći se metodom detaljne analize najvažnijih spisa Huseina Đoze, uočićemo da se on znatno udaljava od tradicionalnog saznajnog stadijuma islama u različitim sferama svojih ontoloških, antropoloških i epistemoloških razmišljanja. Njegova definicija odnosa između nauke i objave potpuno je zasnovana na empirističkim metodološkim principima. Zbog toga, Đozo će na temeljima empirizma i istoricizma tumačiti pojam idžtihada i značaj predanja Verovesnika islama. U njegovim stavovima, na tom polju, jasno se prepoznaju glavne orijentacije neoselefizma i uticaj slavnih predstavnika škole al-Manar.

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ISLAMSKA ZAJEDNICA I MEDIJI U BIH

Author(s): Remzija Pitić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2000

Odnos vjere i medija, kao i prisustvo vjere i vjerskih zajednica u medijskom prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine je pitanje koje zavreðuje posebnu pažnju. Proces transformacije, kroz koji prolazi naša zemlja, trebao bi dovesti do novih odnosa na relaciji Islamska zajednica - mediji, ali i do novih odnosa medija i medijskih poslenika prema vjeri općenito.

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ISLAM U NASTAVI

Author(s): Ishak Alešević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2000

Njemačko društvo davno je spoznalo da je najmoćniji integrativni faktor za očuvanje primarnih i sekundarnih grupa, te države u cjelini nego religija. Ona je ne samo društveni cement koji veže i moralizator od jedinke do društva. Stoga je, jedna od osnovnih briga države i društva da školski sistem osnovnog i srednjeg obrazovanja kao obavezan predmet u nastavi ima nastavu religije (Religionsunterricht).

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VIÐENJE AMERIČKOG MUSLIMANA

Author(s): Sulayman S. Nyang / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2000

Suvremeni svijet u kojem živimo je općenito prihvaæen kao "televillage". Ovaj termin implicira da članovi ljudskog roda žive životom koji karakterizira bliskost. Premda su ljudi odvojeni okeanima i morima, razdaljine se premošćuju tehnološkim napretkom koji smo ostvarili u posljednjih stotinu godina. Ovaj tehnološki i znanstveni razvoj je uspostavio nove odnose u društvu u kojima stanovnici moraju učiti živjeti zajedno i provoditi vi¹e vremena nastojeći razumjeti jedni druge.

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Zaboravljeni Islam

Author(s): Smail Balić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/1999

Bio je nekoć jedan islam, koji se njegovao u prisnom krugu porodica. Donosio je sa sobom toplinu doma, smirenost u svakidašnjici i zbrinutost na obadva svijeta. Vjernici su u njemu nalazili ono što smiruje srca (Kur’an 13:28), Ispoljavao se u vjerovanju, čestitosti i samoobuzdavanju ili pobožnosti (takvâ),

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OBIJEST KAO GENERATOR LJUDSKE (AUTO)DESTRUKCIJE - KUR'ANSKA PERSPEKTIVA

Author(s): Muamer Neimarlija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2017

The specific characteristic of the mental constitution of humans and jinns, in comparison to other creatures of Allah, is the freedom of will. The principle of human free will is displayed through their constructive or destructive behavior toward themselves and/or their overall environment. Taking into consideration the origin of will, it might be claimed that the quality of the human behavior is proportional to the quality of their spiritual life. Hence, the potential of human destructive behavior is determined, in addition to the effect of environmental stimuli, also by the corresponding mental constitution, in the shaping of which, according to the Qur'anic text, the phenomenon of tugjan plays an extremely negative role.

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NEORACI0NALISTIČKI PRAVAC U ISLAMSKOM SVIJETU I NJEGOV UTICAJ NA ISLAMSKU MISAO U SVIJETU I KOD NAS

Author(s): Zuhdija Adilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/2004

Intellect occupies a very important place in Islam. Not one of the past revelations directs our attention to intellect, its role and significance in the life of man, as does the Book of Islam. A superficial glance at a Qur’anic text will reveal verses that end with the words: so that you would understand.” “...so that you would think.” “...to those who understand”, and which are repeated dozens of times. Despite this, certain sects have appeared and disagreements emerged. Some extolled the intellect and assigned to it a higher place than it deserved. Contrary to this view, others completely neglected the intellect and denied its value. The first generations of Muslims and their honorable followers remained steadfast and held firmly to the Truth, which was the reason for the flourishing of Islamic civilization and all scientific fields: medicine, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, geography, etc.

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Nasr Hamid Abu Zejd i temelji njegove hermeneutike: kritičko preispitivanje stava da je Kuran proizvod kulture

Author(s): Seid Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

In the cognitive stage of religious traditions, science, in the light of the authority of religious revelation and reason, was dominant in relation to culture, which means that it was possible to determine the true value of different cultures using scientific knowledge. Nowadays, the completely opposite approach is gaining in popularity. Namely, when they discovered the fundamental weaknesses of empiristic definition of science, postmodern philosophers started more vocally saying that culture actually has a crucial influence on the method and internal science structure. Thus, science loses its cognitive independence and becomes the product of culture. In other words, each culture creates a separate scientific knowledge in accordance with its other cognitive layers and needs of the members of that culture. Among the Muslim reformist thinkers, influential Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd wrote in a most comprehensive and thorough manner about the text of the Quran undergoing the influence of culture from the time of life of the Prophet Muhammad. He explained that the interpreter necessarily has a crucial role in forming the meaning of a text and that the meaning of the text will not be determined on its own until the hermeneutical position of the person reading and interpreting it is taken into consideration. Abu Zayd believed that the primal meaning of the Quran was conditioned by cultural and historic contexts of the time when the Quran appeared and that meaning was no longer credible. However, according to his opinion, the essence of the Quran message will be discovered using hermeneutics, when we harmonize the text with our contemporary cultural realities. With his pioneering attitude, Abu Zayd broke all ontological and metaphysical principles of mystical hermeneutics in the traditional cognitive environment of Islam. The renowned representatives of Islamic mystical heritage insisted that essential and inner meanings of the Quran text are in no way opposing its outer meaning. Using various methods, they uncovered sophisticated secrets of the Quran teachings in the heart of outer layer of the words of God and, in that manner, they ascended to the heaven of metaphysical realities of the Quran and the whole universe.

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Savršeni čovek u islamskoj filozofiji, realnost ili iluzija

Author(s): Tehran Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

In the works of Islamic philosophers, the position of the ideal head of the ideal society was occupied by the divine prophet who, according to their description, possessed all the virtues of a human being can possibly have. Unlike an ideal society which, due to the participation of a great number people, is unlikely to be achieved in reality, a human being who has achieved the maximum development of his soul can exist, according to Islamic philosophers. The idea of a perfect man in Islam is above all an ontological and philosophical idea that talks about the significance of man’s being in relation to the whole universe. Since he possesses various cognitive powers that connect him to all the realms of intellect, imagination, and matter, he has the opportunity to create another version of the universe within himself, or, to put it differently, to become a part of the realms by creating them inside himself. In addition to the fact that man has a special status among living creatures, the idea of a perfect man can by no means be interpreted as a worship of man or of the humanization of God. The relationship between the divine being and all other creatures that can’t be compared to His being, also applies to a perfect man, regardless of his special ontological position. Despite the fact that he resides in the realms through his body and soul, and because of his ability to realize all the beauty of the being, man is potentially the most valuable of God’s creatures and is different from all other beings. The more conscious man is of his essence, the more easily he will find a way to the ultimate purity.

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Kritika Fazlurahmanovih osnova rekonstrukcije religijskog mišljenja u islamu

Author(s): Seid Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

Fazlur Rahman was a professor of Islamic Studies and Philosophy at prominent universities in England and America. He became the head of the Central Islamic Research Institute in Karachi a few years after the state of Pakistan was internationally recognized. At the request of the president of his homeland, he is actively committed to defining the religious strategies of the new state, which will be based on the cognitive principles of Islam and at the same time aligned with the changing needs of the modern world. Until the end of his life, and chiefly as a professor of the University of Chicago, Fazlur Rahman tirelessly explained that Muslims would not benefit from modernity until they established the correct model of understanding of the essence of religion in modern times. He believes that in traditional Islamic knowledge we cannot find adequate answers to the complex challenges of modern life and therefore proposes new basic guidelines for the interpretation of the Quran and Islam. Fazlur Rahman primarily stresses the importance of noticing the difference between the unchanging principles of Islam and historical Islam. In his view, all social teachings of the Quran in the form of Islamic regulations were established in the historical context of the needs of the first Muslim community, which means that these regulations are no longer credible today. Fazlur Rahman’s model would practically evolve in the following manner: in the first step, we focus on history and analyze the historical contexts of the Quranic teachings, with the intention of recognizing and separating the general principles of the Quran. In the second step, the general principles thus obtained are aligned with the circumstances of the modern era with the help of modern social, political and economic sciences, and through this we come to formulate new social regulations of Islam. However, using the method of analyzing the contents of Fazlur Rahman’s highly influential works, we will notice serious methodological weaknesses in his extreme reformist approach. His knowledge of the prominent theological heritage of the Muslims was obviously not vast enough, and he also did not try to exhaust all the possibilities of the rich instruments of the traditional Islamic methodology of jurisprudence. Our conclusion is that Fazlur Rahman’s platform for the reconstruction of religious thought paves the way for the dominance of secularized Islam, despite the fact that Fazlur Rahman himself was most concerned of such a possibility.

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KIRAETI / ČITANJA KUR'ANA (QIRA'AT QUR'ANIYYA)

Author(s): Rifet Šahinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2016

Muhammad Asad (Leopold Weiss, 1900-1990.), a revert to Islam, is one of the many thinkers which greatly influenced Western Muslims opinion during the second half of the XX century. Among others, the most important Asad’s work is a translation and commentary of the Qur'an in English entitled ‘The Message of the Qur'an’. In the first part of this work we deal with the question of importance of knowledge of Qira’at in Islamic sciences. Another part of our work illustrates Asad’s reliance on Qira’at in his translating solutions of Qur'anic verses.

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أساليب نقد متن الحديث عند الفقهاء والصحابة

Author(s): Sezayi Bekdemir / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 37/2018

“The real Sunna” which is one of the two majör resource of Islam is explanation of Qoran and refers to it. Sunna both explains the general laws, borders the definite rules and sometimes gives a specific rule which Qoran doesn’t contain. To behave according to Sunna, the reality of hadith must be known. In order to find out the reality of hadith, Mohaddis generally use criticism of narrator, while fukahâ cared text criticism. Mohaddis classified the hadith as real-good-weak and so, they evaluated the text of them. Fukahâ classified them as narrated-famous-one way and so, they emphasised the narratives’ definity in points of behavior. Hanafi scholars reached to peak of text criticism by bringing new criteria in order to act within one way hadith. In the light of this knowledge it will be seen that the arguement of “Muslim scholars –especially Fukahâ- didn’t criticised the hadith from the point of text, they reached laws only by looking their narrator chain” which is started by Orientalists and is accepted by some Muslims, is not true. The tradition and knowledge backlog, which began with The Prophet and came today with evaluation and effort of the companions, shows us that this arguement doesn’t have any scientific value. In this artcle we will study “The Companions’ And Fukahâ Methods Of Hadith Text Criticism” as a response to some accusations to Fukahâ.

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Az iszlám Közép-Ázsiában. Változatok egy vallásra

Author(s): Gitta Szekér / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2018

The paper reviews the history of Islam in Central Asia and its form of Islamic practices, both “mystical Islam” and so-called “folk-Islam”. The text examines the importance of oral narratives and their sociocultural constructions within its particular context. While the presence of Islam in certain parts of Central Asia dates back to the 17th century, the spread of the faith in regions that are now the modern states of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, was, in actuality, a gradual process. We can talk about the case of Islamisation in multiple waves. The first section of the paper aims to present the main historical events, including Bukhara, “the Mecca of the East”, and the importance of the “Central Asian Golden Age”. It reviews the Soviet era (together with the birth of the modern nations within the Soviet nationalities policy), the shaping of Islamic practices during this time and the effect of both the “underground Islam” of the Soviet times and the foreign impact in the Islamic discourse of these independent states beginning from the Nineties. It assesses the rebirth of Sufism in a national context and the possible influence of foreign jihadi movements. The second part of the research seeks to demonstrate the religiously diverse nature of the region and its encounter with Islam. It notes the effect of certain Shamanistic rituals and beliefs that shaped the religious practices, such as the Osh Bibiyo (and, through this, women’s possible empowerment by their leading role in healing and religious rituals), that is now an organic part of Islam in the region. By exploring the spiritual past of Central Asia, the paper aims to prove the deep implantation of Islam into the life of the people, though with peculiar local characteristics.

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O ESENCIJALNOM JEDINSTVU VJEROVANJA I DOBRIH DJELA

Author(s): Hasan Džilo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 75/2018

This article discusses a topic of the essential unity between the act of believing and the act of doing within Islam and in the light of the Qur'anic teachings. We are here concerned about a type of religious experience that has not yet been discussed. Believing and doing good deeds are related within the most intimate link and there is not a thing that can come between the two. The relation between the two is such that it is impossible to make one of the primary importance and the other of the secondary. Just like the act of doing is not possible without the idea as its guiding line which designs it, thus the act of believing is not possible without good deeds. It is the good deeds that make the faith a dynamic, not a static fact. Not only in disclosure and love, but also in good deeds, in experience that makes it a historical fact is that something that lifts it above experience and above historical. Good deeds are an open perspective as the Messenger s.w.s. himself defined it.

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FARABİ’NİN FÂZIL ŞEHİR’İNDE AMAÇ VE ARAÇ DEĞERLER

Author(s): Mehmet YAZICI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 16/2018

Farabi is one of the most outstanding philosophers of school of thought that he supported and Islamic Civilization in his age. His most well-known work is “al-Madina al-Fadila” with its common use, which is accepted as a utopia work. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the book of Farabi, al-Madina al-Fadila in the context of terminal and instrumental values that take place in the inventory of Milton Rokeach who is an American social psychologist and comes from a Jewish family. With a specific evaluation, it is tried to determine what kind of values that is what kind of statements of human aspirations are addressed in this work. After the evaluations, it was found that, Farabi focuses on “mature love”, “wisdom”, “helpful”, and “responsible” values and mostly states the values that the leader of al-Madina al-Fadila (Perfect State) must have.

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Wahhabi Propaganda in Morocco during the Reign of Sultan Sulayman (1792-1822) as Reflected in the Sources of His Era

Author(s): Marek M. Dziekan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Wahhabism is a fundamentalist branch of Islam, which was founded in the eighteenth century. It built its stronghold mainly in the region where it was established, on the Arabian Peninsula. Attempts to spread and gain popularity elsewhere in the Islamic world were made by various rulers from the House of Al Su’ud, but never yielded any great results. One such attempt was a letter sent in 1811 by Abd Allah Ibn Su’ud to the ruler of Morocco, Sulayman (known for adopting Salafi ideas), in which Ibn Su’ud elaborated on the nature of his religious doctrine and encouraged its adoption. These events were described by the most important Moroccan historians of the nineteenth century, including Al-Kansusi, Az-Zayyani, and An-Nasiri. This article is an attempt to recapitulate and arrange these records in order.

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Božanska zakonitost – savršeni čovjek

Author(s): Mensur Valjevac,Sedad Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2018

The teaching of a Perfect man represents one of the most universal archetypes of human belief. We can find this teaching in different religions and even in some atheist teaching. This doctrine in a certain manner summarizes all religious, philosophical and scientific issues. By relying on the classical literature and occasionally applying the comparative method, this paper attempts to show the basic principles and specific features of the Islamic teaching about the Perfect man. Even though it shares similarities with the doctrinal teachings of other religions and ideologies, the Islamic teaching has developed a very characteristic and comprehensive concept of teaching about the Perfect man, without questioning at all the essential Oneness and Perfection of God and without getting into any pantheistic, panentheistic or antropotheistic apories. The Islamic concept of the Perfect man best preserves and develops the idea of pure and absolute monotheism (tawheed) by successfully overcoming the traps of monotheistic, dualistic and pluralistic understanding of the relationship between God and everything else other than Him. The paper presents the cosmological and ethical teaching about a Perfect man in an argumentative manner and points out the invaluable contribution of Shayh Mustafa Čolić and his specific elaboration and semiotic analyses of this very important doctrinal teaching within the rich tradition of the Islamic civilization and spirituality.

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Zaklada za životinje u muslimanskoj kulturi – teološko-moralna refleksija

Author(s): Orhan Jašić,Senad Ćeman / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 16/2020

The first part of the text briefly presents the understanding of the phenomenon of Waqf (religious foundation, endowment) in the Muslim tradition. Then a typology of the Waqf into human and eco endowment was made. The latter can be further divided into phyto-endowment (i.e. plant endowment) and animal endowment (Arabic: Waqf al-Ḥaywānāt). The examples of animal endowment are detected as early as medieval Muslim culture. Therefore, in the following text, special attention is paid to the origin and development of the animal endowment in the pre-modern period, and several examples of the existence of this form of endowment in history are given. The phenomenon of animal endowment in the Muslim tradition is, in this text, discussed from the perspective of Muslim theology of moral (Arabic: ´Ilm al-Ahlāq).

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Antinomija pozitivne i negativne kritike prenosilaca hadisa

Author(s): Kenan Musić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2020

The text analyzes the phenomenon of opposition between positive and negative criticism of hadith narrators. Often, in the science of hadith, different evaluations of the narrators appear, which is reflected in the valorization of the hadith text. The author of the text investigates the ways the studies of narrators and the studies of the positive and negative criticism of narrators answer to this phenomenon, conditionally called antinomy. Is preference given to positive or negative criticism, what are the conditions for them to be basically accepted or rejected, and how did the hadith scholars view the conflicting evaluations? At the end of the paper, some elements of modern application of this field of hadith studies are pointed out in the context of the Islamic culture of information and critical analysis of information whose amount exceeds that of the past with regard to the technological progress of mankind.

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