Zatočenici zla: zaveštanje Hane Arent

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

Hannah Arendt was one of the foremost political thinkers of the twentieth century. This collection examines the themes of her multi-faceted work, from her theory of totalitarianism, revolution as a ‘new beginning’, conception of freedom, responsibility, guilty, and her controversial idea of the ‘banality of evil’. Each chapter examines the political, philosophical, and historical concerns which shaped Arendt’s thought, and which promoted her to become one of the most unapologetic champions of the modern political life in the Western traditions.

The Holocaust in Hungary. Seventy Years Later

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The Holocaust in Hungary represented a unique chapter in the singular history of the Final Solution of the “Jewish question” in Europe. In the fifth year of the Second World War Hungary still had a Jewish population of approximately 800,000.Although this large and relatively intact Jewish community was deprived of its basic rights as citizens, had suffered close to 62,000 casualties, had been confronted with the hardships of discrimination, and had endured the vicissitudes of a military-related labor service system, it continued to enjoy relative physical safety under the aristocratic-conservative regime of Hungary until the German occupation on March 19, 1944. How was all this possible? And if all this was possible until March 1944, why could it not continue for a few more months? Was it really inevitable that hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews would, within a few months, become victims of the gas chambers of Auschwitz? Could the Holocaust in Hungary have been averted and who were responsible for the violent deaths of over a half a million Hungarian Jews in the ghettos, on the deportation trains, in the extermination and concentration camps, during the death marches, and the mass shootings into the Danube? Starting from these difficult questions, the present volume offers readers the most recent scholarship on the history and memory of the Holocaust in Hungary.

The Numerus Clausus and the Anti-Jewish Laws

Author(s): M. Mária Kovács / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Political Justice in Budapest after World War II

Author(s): Ildikó Barna,Andrea Pető / Language(s): English

In Hungary, which fell under Soviet influence at the end of World War II, those who had participated in wartime atrocities were tried by so called people’s tribunals. This book examines the history of these courts by means of a new methodology that the authors themselves have elaborated. Seeking to rise above ideological considerations and the methodological problems of earlier investigative frameworks, this study hopes to bring about a new level of awareness. The authors seek to determine which people were drawn into the transitional justice process and how the people’s tribunals functioned, with particular regard to gendered aspects. A further aim is to reveal the effects of the people’s tribunals on post-Holocaust Jewish identity.

A „tépelődő gentleman”. Darányi Kálmán (1886–1939)

Author(s): Róbert Kerepeszki / Language(s): Hungarian

When people come to speak of Kálmán Darányi, even those familiar with the era could only recall the Győr Program, the preparation of the First Anti-Jewish Law or his negotiations with the Arrow Cross Party. How could one of the greyest politicians of the era with a talent for executive role be the Prime Minister of Hungary? How and in what direction could such a wishy-washy personality influence the political life of the country? How could he, the Prime Minister, get from his attempt to liquidate Gömbös’s radical right-wing policy to his agreement with the National Socialists even more radical than his predecessor? What factors formed his political disposition which resulted in his controversial decisions sometimes tragically influencing the fate of the country? The young author’s scholarly yet readable book contains a lot of new information and answers these and many other interesting questions.

Mutatkozás

Author(s): Éva Kovács,Júlia Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian

The individual and collective identity of the Jews is a well-established subject of research in sociology, social psychology and social history. This book differs from other studies in exploring Jewish identity through the coexistence of Jews with non-Jews in Hungary. It presents the “Jewishness” of such individuals and families who live in mixed marriages, in which the Jewish origin of one party (be it public or secret) becomes a source of peculiar identities. Through coexistence, Jewishness acquires new meanings ranging from a more intense identity, through abandoning or changing Jewish identity, to self-hatred and latent anti-Semitism. The book examines the changing use of various Jewish symbols, rituals and objects (e.g., Star of David, circumcision, Menorah). It is the first study in Hungary, which deals with the “Jewish identity” of non-Jews, philo-Semitism and pseudo-Jewish identity in mixed marriages. Also, it strives to bring the traumas of the Shoah in public debate by analysing it from the perspective of coexistence. Thereby, the book presents the guilty conscience of the children and grandchildren of the perpetrators, which has not been analysed in Hungary yet. Finally, the rediscovery of Jewish identity, a process that also includes some distancing from that identity is examined in a biographical context – a novelty in Jewish Studies in Hungary as well.

A holokauszt mint narratíva

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Az Auschwitzi jegyzőkönyv

Author(s): György Haraszti / Language(s): Hungarian

The Auschwitz Memorandum is the fundamental text of the last century. Two Auschwitz concentration camp inmates who escaped on April 1944 from the largest Nazi death factory wanted to tell the world the bad news in order to save the lives of hundreds of thousands. What they really presented was the supreme anatomy of evil that they personally witnessed in full bloom. Our publication is a collection of all the historical documents that reached the world from Auschwitz from 1942 to May 1944. The historian György Haraszti edited the documents and wrote the introductory essay. The Burning Secret is as exiting reading as a mystery novel. With the help of the testimony of Auschwitz inmates the reader learns much about the family of Nicholas Horthy, the inner workings of Zionist organizations as well as the politics of Roosevelt, Churchill and the Pope. Janos Kobanyai’s The Auschwitz Gospel asks the question of how the Auschwitz Memorandum could save only the majority of the Jews of Budapest? His investigating essay, which concludes our volume, is a dramatic presentation in a world historical setting. The secret was out and as a result many escaped death but since the news was not fully aired many more met their end in the gas chambers of Auschwitz.

Már nincs többé szükség a kakasra a népek között, és így levágják őket bűnbaknak.

Author(s): Ernő Domán / Language(s): Hungarian

This publication is the translation of the original Memories of Ráv Élijáhu Domán (Domán Ernő), written in Hebrew. The original document is saved and stored in Yad Vashem, The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority . The translation and has been made by István Domán, the son of Ráv Élijáhu Domán, in September-October 2004.

Literatura polska wobec ludobójstwa. Rekonensans

Author(s): Arkadiusz Morawiec / Language(s): Polish

This book aims to explore the Polish literature on genocide. The author attempts to investigate a field which is said to have been under discussed in the Polish literary studies. The book is an attempt to recognise and demarcate a research area which has so far been either practically ignored or perceived fragmentarily by Polish literary studies. Crucial and recognised thematic areas within the 20th and 21st century Polish literature are: the literature of the Holocaust, regarding the extermination of Jews, and also the literature of the Second World War and German occupation, partially related to the issue of Shoah and also to the extermination of the Polish in concentration camps, and during the Katyn massacre and the Warsaw Uprising. There is already a large number of papers and studies that focus on various aspects of these research areas, including certain achievements in the field. On the other hand, however, there is still lack of thought and reflection upon the literature triggered by other acts of genocide and mass murder. No such reflection has been taken up yet, nor have there been any attempts to stipulate whether within the Polish literature there exist any works devoted to massacres other than the annihilation of Jews and the extermination of the Polish, i.e. felonies perpetrated by groups other than the Nazis (Germans) and the Communists (Soviets).This book constitutes an attempt to partially fill this gap. And in terms of the manner in which it relates to literature that reacts to genocide other than the Shoah, it ought to be perceived as a reconnaissance. Such an ‘exploratory’ nature can be attributed to the chapters devoted to literary echoes of the massacre of Armenians by the Turkish, Nazi endeavours to annihilate the mentally and physically handicapped and Gypsies, as well as the Srebrenica massacre committed by the Serbs. On the other hand, the chapters of the book devoted to the literature of the Holocaust ought to be perceived as an attempt to enrich and expand the state of research, and in some cases – as a correction of the existing conclusions.

Potiskivanje i poricanje antisemitizma - Sećanje na vladiku Nikolaja Velimirovića u savremenoj srpskoj pravoslavnoj kulturi

Author(s): Jovan Byford / Language(s): Serbian

Poslednjih godina je me đu istoričarima, sociolozima, politikolozima i psiholozima poraslo interesovanje za temu 'kolektivnog sećanja' (Misztal, 2003; Kansteiner, 2002; Olick, 1999; Wertsch, 2002; IrwinZarecka, 1994; Maier, 1997; Middleton i Edwards, 1992). Uprkos tome što su tačno značenje i obuhvatnost termina kao što su ’kolektivno sećanje’, ’društveno sećanje’, ’društveno pamćenje’, ’nacionalno’ i ’javno’ pamćenje itd. i dalje predmet rasprave (Wood, 1999), čini se da se stručnjaci slažu bar u jednom: kolektivne, često sporne, predstave o prošlosti koje povlače granice izme đu društvenih grupa, i predstavljaju sastavni deo društvenog identiteta, zaslužuju detaljno naučno proučavanje. Mnoštvo radikalnih promena u prikazivanju prošlosti koje su pratile, a ne retko i same bile deo postkomunističke tranzicije u Istočnoj Evropi, doprinele su da se u poslednjih dvadesetak godina obnovi interesovanje za kolektivno sećanje (Todorova, 2004; Muller, 2002; Wertch, 2002, Jedlicki, 1999). Pad komunizma u regionu propraćen je opsežnim preispitivanjem istorije u nameri da se opovrgnu komunistička tumačenja prošlosti koja su dominirala nacionalnim istoriografijama i kolektivnim pamćenjem od kraja II svetskog rata.

Biblioteca personală. Lecturi de istorie și filosofia culturii

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): Romanian

The volume brings together 32 writings about books that shaped me, opened my horizon and enriched me spiritually.I tried to structure my texts according to some topics. The chapter entitled "Recent Histories" brings together presentations of books of history, Romanian philosophy, philosophy of culture, interwar history, Holocaust - topics I have dealt with mainly in recent years. "Beyond India" brings together severeal writings about the many books dedicated to India - its history, philosophy, religion and culture - or Orientalism, in general, which I have read since 2007, after meeting India, and more recently, after Cluj Center for Indian Studies was opened at Babes Bolyai University in Cluj Napoca. In the last part, "Parallel Stories" there are some writings about books that helped me to understand some certain aspects of the topics I approached as a researcher, but also some stories about distant and extraordinary worlds.

Koleżanki z Birkenau. Esej o pamiętaniu

Author(s): Halina Rusek / Language(s): Polish

The friends from the title of this book are a group of female prisoners of KL Auschwitz-Birkenau (1943–1945), whose paths crossed several times during around two years of camp life in Birkenau. At different times they lived in one block of the women’s camp, slept in one bunk, together left Auschwitz to work in the Wolkenburg camp, and several of them escaped together from transport to Dachau, from a freight wagon, at the small German station of Weiden. Together they also survived one of the most beautiful, as they say, periods in their lives – a few months of miraculously regained freedom, spent in Weiden under the protection of the American army. Several of them also took a long, difficult journey home. Preserved memories of three of these friends – including the Mother of the book’s author, are the central axis of this essay. It presents the process of shaping the way of perceiving the world and the identity of individuals who came across actions aimed to annihilate human beings. They came into contact with the essence of a concentration camp, which was based on depriving people of all rights and even exterminating them. The approach chosen by the author is the biographical method which focuses on the study of what is individual, related to assessments, values, experiences. It is a book about trying to find an answer to the question of how it happened that some people expressed indescribable cruelty to other people and decided to dehumanize and annihilate them. The book is also about the forces you must find in yourself in order to survive such an experience and start living an ordinary life afterwards. The author’s intention is to bring the recorded memories of the Friends to a possibly wide audience, to the public sphere and also, or perhaps above all, to the consciousness of those whose way of thinking is far from scientific.

Żydzi – problem prawdziwego Polaka. Antysemityzm, ksenofobia i stereotypy narodowe po raz trzeci

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The publication examines the findings of the comparative research on antisemitism in Poland in 1992, 2002 and 2012. The analysis of the results demonstrates that democracy favours rejecting hostility towards the Jews, but causes antisemitism to become part of a broader, nationalistic and catholic ideological view. Polish religiosity and the fact that many Catholic Church representatives influence antisemitic attitudes in Poland seem to be a predominant opinion.

Розвиток і взаємодія єврейських громад на європейському просторі

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Ukrainian

The scientific work deals with the problems of the development and interaction of Jewish communities in the European and post-soviet space at the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century. The research studies on the political, social and historical aspects of the Jewish community’s life in Ukraine in comparison with the communities of other European countries at the present stage.

Суспільно-політична активність та історична пам’ять єврейської спільноти в контексті євроінтеграції України

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Ukrainian

The proposed collective scientific work considers the issues of social and political activity and historical memory of the Jewish community in the context of Ukraine’s European integration. The paper examines the influences of historical memory on the formation of the political and cultural identity of the Jews of Ukraine, the role and contribution of the Jewish community to the European development of the country.

Poszukiwanie tożsamości w kraju (nie)pamięci. O dokumentalnej twórczości Ruth Beckermann

Author(s): Olga Wesołowska / Language(s): Polish

Ruth Beckermann is an Austrian-Jewish filmmaker, born in Vienna as a daughter of Holocaust survivors. She can be seen as so-called Nestbeschmutzer (German world for someone who fouls their own nest). This term in Austria refers to artists who are not afraid to criticize their own country, who dare to deconstruct Austrian myths and come up with taboo topics. This is exactly what Beckermann does in many of her works. Not only in her movies but also in books, essays, and artistic installations. Nevertheless, Beckermann should not only be considered as a Nestbeschmutzer, since many of her works actually are a form of self-reflection about Jewish identity in the country which presents itself as a first victim of Hitler. This book focuses on Beckermann as a filmmaker. The analysis of her documentaries shows how she portrays Austria and Austrians. For the film analysis, the cultural, historical, and political context appears significant. The references to different aspects of cultural studies, especially memory studies or postcolonial studies, constitute the methodological background for this book.

Antologie textů s tematikou šoa pro 6.–9. ročník ZŠ

Author(s): Milan Mašát,Jana Sladová,Kristýna Šmakalová / Language(s): Czech

This antholology of texts with the theme of the Shoah for 6.–9. grade of lower secondary schools presents a set of 28 examples, mainly from intentional literature on the given topic. The anthology is designed cross-sectionally for all grades. The selection of samples was verified by means of questionnaires. The samples are equipped with questions and tasks postulated in line with the knowledge of contemporary subject didactics of literature. The anthology is equipped with a methodological appendix, the aim of which is to introduce teachers to the range of possibilities of how to work with the selected examples.The monothematic collection includes a list of other recommended fiction and a list of selected scholarly publications on the Shoah and the didactics of literature.

Sarajevo: Sjećanje na žrtve Holokausta

Author(s): Igor Bencion Kožemjakin,Vildana Selimbegović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian

About 80% of Bosnian Jews lived in Sarajevo. Of the approximately 10,500 Jews who were in Sarajevo before World War II, approximately 9,000 were taken to Ustasha and Nazi camps. About 1,500 surviving Jews returned to Sarajevo after the war. The largest number of survivors are participants of the National Liberation War, while a smaller number met their freedom in camps. The publication “Sarajevo: Remembrance of Holocaust Victims” documents the names of fallen fighters, citizens of Sarajevo in the National Liberation War, fallen fighters for the liberation of Sarajevo and victims of fascist terror. The list of names was obtained from the daily Oslobođenje, which published the same list year before when a Mass for Bleiburg was held in the Sarajevo Cathedral.

БЪЛГАРСКАТА ОБЩЕСГВЕНОСТЬ ЗА РАСИЗМА И АНТИСЕМИТИЗМА. Анкета между видни представители на българската общественость, наука, литература, изкуство

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

ONE of the main tasks of the Jewish intelligentsia is to combat racial hatred and anti-Semitism. Centuries-old prejudices and open incitements on the part of prominent public circles create an atmosphere of hostility in some of the countries in Europe and America. Apart from the persecutions to which the ethnic minority elements are exposed in certain countries, the Jews are the object of a systematic and well-organized propaganda in most of the countries of south-eastern Europe. Especially in a great country, whose past speaks of a great rise in all fields of human genius, the Jews are de facto disenfranchised, as human beings and citizens, deprived of the opportunity to exercise their prerogatives as subjects of the country. … The offered book is the work of one editor whose efforts to illuminate and combat racism and anti-Semitism are known to the public.