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Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари

Author(s): Valko Dzhankardashliyski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report looks at several EU start-ups that have expanded beyond its markets. Examples of companies founded before the founding of the EU are presented. The ways in which they organized their activities in a historical aspect are presented. The stability of the European market guarantees the emergence of new companies that have created new technologies and trends in the public life of the population. The report examines the benefits of building these companies in the diverse EU market and how important unity and closeness in the culture of a group of individuals is for successful market positioning and company development. A comparison is made of events when entering a foreign market and how successful or not it was compared to the establishment of the company in the EU and the initial positioning in the market. The political, legal, cultural and financial risk of positioning in the foreign market are considered. The report analyzes the strategy for entering the foreign market and the consequences of the influence of the foreign culture on the company. A comparison is made of companies founded before the founding of the EU and their difficulties in positioning themselves in the market. It also takes into account the fact that 30 years have passed since the founding of the EU and the world is technologically different. The development examines the challenges and barriers faced by companies in the period of their construction before entering a foreign market. The possibilities for financing newly founded companies, the risks and competitive advantages of the presence on the European market are examined. In conclusion, a comparison is made of the examined sites and recommendations are made regarding the political, financial and legal frameworks for supporting newly founded small companies to enter a foreign market. An opinion is expressed about possible steps to prepare entrepreneurs for entering a foreign market.

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Сравнителен анализ на законодателството на държавите-членки на ЕС по отношение на предприятията от обществен интерес

Author(s): Stiliyan Dzhoykev,Nikolay Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The public interest entities (PIEs) play a pivotal role in the EU's financial and economic landscape. In light of the newly adopted Directive 2022/2464 a more detailed analysis of the methods adopted by EU member states for the classification of PIEs is needed. This report compares the legal framework of the EU member states and analyzes the classification of PIEs.

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Изследване на макроикономическите дисбаланси в страните от Европейския съюз и в частност България чрез разработването на интегрален индикатор за периода 2007-2020 г.

Author(s): Atanas Atanassov,Jasmina Saraivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the results of the developed integrated indicator for measuring macroeconomic imbalances in the countries of the European Union, including Bulgaria. The methodology of calculation of the integrated indicator and its properties is presented. In addition, macroeconomic imbalances were studied using annual data for each of the 27 countries of the European Union for a period of 14 years, including Bulgaria. The countries of the European Union are ranked according to their macroeconomic imbalances and for Bulgaria the development of these imbalances from 2007 to 2020 has been studied.

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Тенденции в изменението на външните макроикономически дисбаланси на България от Докладите за механизма за предупреждение

Author(s): Silvia Trifonova,Anton Pramatarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the main trends in the developments of Bulgaria’s macroeconomic imbalances on the basis of the Alert Mechanism Reports (AMRs) published by the European Commission. Such reports have been published since 201

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Развитие на българската икономика по критериите за членство в еврозоната

Author(s): Atanas Atanassov,Silvia Trifonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the extent to which Bulgaria fulfills the Maastricht criteria for membership in the Euro area. The paper is dedicated to the most discussed and current topic in Bulgarian society, namely the accession of Bulgaria to the Euro аrea. Since January 1, 1999, the euro has been introduced in 19 member states of the European Union (EU). Seven of the nine EU member states called “with a derogation”, including Bulgaria, have not yet adopted the single European currency. The research period in the paper is from 2010 to 2021. Structurally, the paper includes an introduction, three parts, a conclusion and a bibliography. The first part of the paper examines the main aspects related to the accession of Bulgaria to the Euro area, the second part describes the methodology used in the study, and the third part describes the achieved results of the research. Finally, the paper ends with a summary of the main conclusions of the analysis.

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Приоритети в управлението на образованието в контекста на проектите на Програма Образование (2021- 2027)

Author(s): Maria Yankova-Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Programme Education 2021-2027 is a key instrument for addressing major challenges in the education system with a total budget of over 1.9 billion BGN. The programme is co-financed by the European Social Fund+ (ESF+) with nearly 1.539 billion BGN, as well as from the state budget of the Republic of Bulgaria. The article presents the key priorities and management strategies of the programme.

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Ефективността на ЕНМ според програмата за оценка на финансовия сектор

Author(s): Milena Pesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current paper presents the criteria, which represent the basis of the Financial Stability Assessment Programme, conducted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Additionally, the paper analyses the assessment for the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and the main recommendations of the IMF. The goal of the paper is to present an objective evaluation of the development of banking supervision in the Euroarea, as well as the necessary amendments to increase the effectiveness of the SSM.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration in Europe

Author(s): Judyta Cabańska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented restrictions to travel and mobility at global level. Limitations of migration flows resulted in problems in countries with a large share of immigrants on the labor market. The aim of the chapter is to examine the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on migration flow in Europe. In addition, the impact of changes in migration flows during the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market in Europe is also presented. Design/methodology/approach: The following research methods were used in the work: cause and effect analysis, statistical analysis of quantitative data, descriptive statistics methods. The analysis used statistical data from Eurostat, Frontex, OECD and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Findings: From the analysis, it can be concluded that restrictions on migration to Europe contributed to reducing the influx of migrants to EU countries, which was reflected in the situation on the labor market. Increasing labor shortages in critical sectors leads to a slowdown in the post-pandemic recovery of economies. The lifting of pandemic restrictions in 2021 made it possible to partially resume travel. Labor markets have recovered surprisingly rapidly, as vaccination levels have risen markedly and mobility has normalised. Research limitations: The possibilities to determine the impact of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on migration flows are limited, as the timeliness and frequency of data collection are not sufficient to provide adequate information on this subject. Practical implications: The European Union should support the opening of legal migration channels. Making legal migration more difficult for people in developing countries will encourage more people to attempt irregular migration. It is necessary to pursue an effective immigration policy tailored to the needs of the labor market of EU Member States in conjunction with development policy. During the pandemic, it was possible to observe how much some sectors of the economy are dependent on workers from other countries. Originality and value: This chapter attempts to contribute to the literature on international migration delivering results of analysis of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the migration flows in Europe.

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German Energy Policy – New Challenges in Times of War

Author(s): Knut Abraham / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European citizen expect from the German economy to become a proof of concept for the real energy transformation process, migrating from fossil power generation and nuclear power plants to a carbon neutral energy industry. By the utilization of the vision for the Green Deal in Europe – ending nuclear, coal and gas energy use simultaneously is an ambitious approach. It is nevertheless the obligation of the decision makers to preserve our planet and solve the imminent threat posed by climate change. Germany’s new government imperatively has to find answers on how to secure supply, limit the economic impact of this transition and diversify our energy sources throughout Europe. Tendencies – especially among the currently governing party, the Greens – to reject certain options out of pure ideology must be overcome in order to find the best solutions. The following overview is focused on the critical processes in the German economic model related to the post-COVID and Ukraine crisis and the response needed to remain on course towards the green transition.

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Reforma unii celnej

Author(s): Tadeusz Senda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the changes to the EU customs regulations adopted by the European Commission on May 17, 2023. Design/methodology/approach: Author describes the previous and existing customs codifications from 1992 and 2014. Afterwards, he analyses the reasons for undertaking work on the current reform of the customs union and underlines the work of project groups. Finally, the author presents the structure of the new Customs Code, indicating the most important proposed changes. Findings: The provisions reforming the customs union are a response to situations in recent years,such as Brexit, the pandemic, the increased number of tasks of customs authorities resulting from non-tariff regulations and the massive development of e-commerce. Moreover, they are to prepare the customs service for new challenges, including the centralisation of the most important IT systems and the creation of the EU Customs Agency. Additionally, these provisions are intended to ensure the implementation of the principle of acting as one.

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Wiążące informacje jako instrumenty zarządzania ryzykiem celno-podatkowym

Author(s): Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to present and evaluate some of the most important instruments for business to facilitate the submission of customs declarations and minimise the risk of violation, even unconscious, of the calculation elements in customs declarations. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter will first characterise and assess changes in the scope ofissuing binding information in Poland, effective from July 1, 2023. Then, the importance of binding customs information for the certainty and uniformity of application of both customs and tax law willbe presented. In the following, the binding customs information BTI and BOI that are already in forcewill be characterised, and the work on introducing the most difficult of these information—namely binding valuation information (BVI)—will be described.F indings: The simplification and unification of the rules for processing binding information is of a systemic nature. It contributes both to improving the efficiency of issuing such decisions and positively shapes the situation of taxpayers, which serves to deepen the principle of citizen’s trustin tax authorities and legal certainty. Binding valuation information is generally considered to bea more complex area than tariff classification and origin, which may explain the continued lack of such an instrument. Therefore, the progress of work on binding valuation information should be assessed positively. Its implementation will increase transparency and legal certainty and contributeto compliance and uniformity in customs valuation, to the benefit of economic operators, customs authorities and the financial interests of the EU and individual Member States.

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Procedura celna 42 a oszustwa w zakresie VAT

Author(s): Agnieszka Krysztofiak,Dariusz Strugliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to present basic information on customs procedure 42 and VAT fraud using this procedure. The rules of administrative assistance between EU Member States in the field of VAT aimed at combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were also identified and presented. Administrative assistance instruments such as VIES, Eurofisc network were characterised and compared. Finally, the challenges faced by the tax administrations of EU Member States in the combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were presented. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the purpose, an analysis of legal acts was used, including in particular Council Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 of 7 October 2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of value added tax as well as the documents published by the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors (ETO) and also Olaf, Europol and EPPO. Findings: Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that close cooperation between tax and customs administrations is of great importance for the efficiency of the tax authorities of all EU Member States. The exchange of information between Member States should mainly be based on joint analysis of information and cross-checks of customs and tax information. Such an innovative approach will enable full use of the anti-fraud tools available within the European Union and, consequently, will contribute to faster elimination of VAT fraud using customs procedure 42. Cooperation between countries using the tools described in this chapter is the most appropriate way to combat cross-border VAT fraud using customs procedure 42.

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Устойчивост на веригите за доставка в контекста на европейската фармацевтична индустрия

Author(s): Valentin Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The global pharmaceutical supply chains continue to suffer from delays in production processes, resource shortages, lack of capacity, etc., initially caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and additionally complicated afterwards by a number of political and economic issues. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of adoption of sustainable supply chain models by the European pharmaceutical business. The research methods include induction, deduction and case studies. The results show that despite the challenges which the European pharmaceutical companies have faced, they successfully reach their sustainable development goals and as one of the spheres with highest levels of innovations, they are expected to be well prepared and less vulnerable in a case of future turbulent events.

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Европейският съюз в световната икономика. Перспективи за развитие на ЕС в световните икономически и политически организации

Author(s): Valko Dzhankardashliyski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the last 40 years, the world has gone through many dynamic economic processes. The division of the world into two opposing economic and military camps led to a definite change in the understanding of progress in the socialist form of economic development. The transition from one policy of governance to another gave prospects and freedom of choice to the new, young economies. The idea of the EC grew into the unification of the countries of continental Europe into one economic and political union in order to compete with the economies of countries such as the USA, China and various other economic and political unions. Participating in alliances is an old practice that, on a micro scale, has happened relatively easily until today. When we talk about the unification of several countries in order to gain some competitive advantages or advantages in the economy, diplomatic relations or the security of a common territory or border, the conditions for such a process of negotiations and agreements are complicated. Nowadays, the EU competes with the economies and political interests of the US, BRICS, SCO, with some EU countries participating in other alliances such as NATO (not participating but EU members, Austria, Ireland, Malta, Sweden), WTO and others. The report traces the development of the EU and its prospects for development in cooperation with various political and economic unions.

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Инициативата „Три морета“ като отговор на икономическите и геополитическите предизвикателства

Author(s): Dilyana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Three Seas Initiative is a political project, launched in 2016 by twelve European member states of the European Union, which share a close geographical location, historical and political development and face similar economic, political and social challenges. The article presents the concept, priorities and development of the Initiative, confirms the relevance of the agreed goals, as well as the contribution for development of the countries from Central and East Europe and the European Union in the fields of energy, infrastructure and digital inter-connectivity.

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Балканското икономическо сътрудничество – фактор за евроинтеграция в региона

Author(s): Ashot Kazaryan / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report aims to show the prospects and the possible directions of economic cooperation of the Balkan countries, respectively, its positive impact on European integration- those processes in the region. Using data provided by the World Bank and the UN we will follow for the same period the state of the economies of the Balkan countries and factors influencing their development. IN the report does not include Turkey, as there are no data for its European part. The questions we will seek answers to are - whether there are good practices in these countries according to the examined indicators, whether the exchange of experience from regarding these practices can have a beneficial impact on prosperity in region and whether good cooperation with EU member states would contribute brought about the European integration of the other countries.

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Europe – Between Culture and Institutions

Author(s): Veselin Vasilev,Todor Belenski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of the report is to stir up academic discussion on the current political determinants in the European Union. Set around the juxtaposition of the two classic texts on whether national economic growth is based on cultural or solely institutional factors – “Does culture affect economic outcomes?” by Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales and “Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth” by Robinson, Acemoglu and Johnson, the report is using the strong polemics of both articles. The report additionally fits examples of national economies across the EU to test the frameworks of both articles and to initiate further discussion.

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The Rapidly Growing Euroscepticism - A Result of the Internal Political Processes in the Member States of the European Union

Author(s): Todor Kondarev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report "The rapidly growing Euroscepticism - a result of the internal political processes in the member states of the European Union" presents the realities and challenges facing the European Union in recent years, namely one of them is the growing Euroscepticism towards the project for a united Europe. The European values that have been fundamental to the construction of the European project, uniting for more than several decades free, democratic and peace-loving countries, are being tested given the desire of more and more EU citizens to strengthen the influence of the national states represented in the European structures, and the institutions of the Union to have less and less influence over the decisions in the legislative process of the individual member states, giving the prerogative of national law over European laws. Euroscepticism even takes an extreme form with some European parties represented in the political system of the countries, agitating for their departure and disintegration of the Community. The scientific report also presents and analyzes in detail the reasons and factors influencing public opinion in the EU, which led to the alienation of people from the political system of the Union, strengthening the desire for national separatism from the European institutional structures. Euroscepticism is becoming increasingly influential, both in the member states that laid the foundation for the creation of the EU after the end of the Second World War, and in the more recently joined former totalitarian states that have been democracies since 1989, a period associated with the end of the Cold War.

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Analysis of Production Structure of the Gross Added Value of the CEE and Eurozone Countries

Author(s): Silvia Gospodinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the report, the analysis was carried out through a set of indicators that characterize the economic condition and convergence of the CEE countries with the Eurozone. The study covers the period from 2000 to 2022, using official statistical data from Eurostat. The indicators used in the study have been selected on the basis of their importance for the socio-economic development of each country and the EU, and to ensure that the information on this indicators is as complete as possible, i.e. that there are no gaps in some national statistical series.

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Impact Assessment of the European Union Budget Expenditure on Mobility for Education in the Period 2000-2025 In Bulgaria

Author(s): Antoaneta Nikolova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study conducts a comprehensive impact assessment of the European Union’s budget expenditure dedicated to mobility for education programs in Bulgaria from the year 2000 to 2025. Mobility for education initiatives, such as the Erasmus+ program, have been vital in fostering educational exchanges, enhancing skills, and promoting cross-cultural understanding within the European Union. Bulgaria, as a member state, has benefited from these initiatives, but the extent and nature of these benefits require rigorous evaluation. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. It scrutinizes the financial allocations, disbursements, and utilization of EU funds for education mobility in Bulgaria over the specified period. Additionally, the study delves into the impact of mobility programs on student and academic mobility, educational quality enhancement, and broader socio-economic effects.

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