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Síla pletence ramenního a flexorů prstů v predikci lezeckého výkonu žen

Author(s): Jan Kodejška,Jiří Baláš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between the rock climbing performance and the strength of finger flexors and shoulder girdle muscles in female rock climbers. Methods. Twenty one female climbers completed six specific climbing tests focused on finger flexor and shoulder girdle muscles strength: finger hang, maximal strength in open crimp, bent arm hang on one arm, bent arm hang on two arms, diagonal reach, power slap. Relationship to the climbing performance RP (Red point) was assessed by a coefficient of determination. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relative contribution of tests’ strength in the model. Results. Diagonal reach (R2 = 0.76), power slap (0.74) and finger hang (0.72) explained the greatest part of climber’s performance variability. The test diagonal reach showed high consistency (intra-class correlation coefficient, left 0.98; right 0.97). The greatest relative strength in the regression linear model had power slap. Conclusion. This study introduced a new specific climbing test diagonal reach. It was found that this test has a high reliability and criterion validity and is to assess static shoulder girdle strength in rock climbers. It was shown that shoulder girdle strength is an important factor to achieve high performance in female rock climbers.

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Heart Rate Analysis of Semi-elite Female Basketball Players during Competitive Games

Author(s): Tomáš Vencúrik,Jiří Nykodým,Pavel Vacenovský / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Knowledge of the intensity of load in basketball appears to be an essential factor in composing an effective training process. The aim of this work is to ascertain whether there are any significant differences in load intensity between player positions and between 1st and 2nd half of the game in female basketball. 10 semi-elite female basketball players were included in this research. Total time of each player, in 3 intensity of load zones, was determined based on their HR max. Differences between the individual player positions or in % of HRmax (guards vs. forwards vs. centers; 88.2 ± 3.5 vs. 87.8 ± 3.1 vs. 88.9 ± 3.4) were neither statistically nor practically significant. Moreover, the differences between the 1st and 2nd half in the zones and % of HRmax (88.6 ± 3.4 vs. 88.3 ± 3.3) were not statistically significant and the practical significance had small effect. These results can create a solid base for conditioning and also game-based training programs.

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Komparácia vybraných rýchlostných schopností juniorov z hľadiska hráčskych postov v ľadovom hokeji

Author(s): Rastislav Paľov / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the study was to compare the current level of the selected speed abilities of juniors hockey players between defenders and forwards (n = 20, height = 182.3 ± 4.9cm, weight = 81.5 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.44 ± .70 years; defenders = 8, height = 184.0 ± 3.8 cm, weight = 84.2 ± 6.5 kg, age = 18.60 years ± .59; attackers = 12, height = 181.2 ± 5.4 cm, weight = 79.6 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.33 ± .77 years) in a competitive year 2014/2015. The indicators of selected speed abilities were observed by two tests: 1. Run to 40m with changes of direction and agility 2. Test – Illinois. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the software IBM® SPSS® Statistics V19. The average value of the test run to 40m with changes of the direction of the whole file was 8.52 ± .22 s, among defenders was 8.34 ± .10 s, among forwards 8.64 ± .19 s, which is a statistically significant difference between defenders and forwards (d = 1.97; p < 0.05; r = 0.70 – large effect) in favour of the defenders. In the agility test – Illinois, the average value of the whole file was 16.58 ± .33 s. For the defenders, the average finish time indicated of the value 16.32 ± .23 s and for forwards 16.75 ± .27 s, which again is statistically significant difference in favour of the defenders (d = 1.71; p < 0.05; r = 0.65 – large effect).

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Co je nového ve světě sportovní výživy

Author(s): Michal Kumstát / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Sport nutrition is progressively increasing scientific discipline being an important part of the field of sports medicine. Competition and training nutrition strategies that focus on sufficient macronutrient intake and ergogenic aids to promote energy availability and delay determinants of fatigue are currently based on sound scientific evidence. The aim of the review is to analyze the guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition published by the American College of Sport Nutrition (ACSM) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the period before and after 2010. Energy availability (EA), relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), carbohydrate feeding during exercise (such as a mouth rinse and multitransportable carbohydrate feeding during long term exercise) and eventually “trainlow, compete high“ nutrition strategy intentionally manipulating with carbohydrate availability have been identified as novel and innovative. Sport nutrition recommendations issued by well-respected scientific authorities are currently revised according to the above mentioned topics and are now well accepted even by athletes.

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Použitie kompresného oblečenia u bežcov: áno, nie?

Author(s): Ivan Struhár / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

The main aim of this article is to emphasize the potential effect of compression clothing in a group of runners. We want to provide an objective view on evaluation of the advantages or potential risks in the use of compression clothing (socks or calf sleeves). This work is not a metanalysis, the purpose of this study provides basic information about the use of compression clothing. The work focuses on selected parameters which directly or indirectly determine the sport performance and affects the ability to repeat the sport performance. The scientific literature describes only two potential effects of compression clothing (increased venous flow and reduced muscle oscillation). As with most trends that come and go in sports, it takes a while to evaluate with the practice for the science. In our work, we focus on selected parameters with regard compression value. Based on scientific sources, the effect of compression clothing for sport performance and recovery is unclear. It is also caused by applied compression which is not also written in scientific literature. At this point, we want to emphasize this fact is probably important not only for future study design but also for customers. It makes sense if the different compression pressure lead to different results then it should exist the gold standard depending on the pressure and types of physical activity.

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Sportovní hvězdy v malém sportu: výpověď sportovce

Author(s): Arnošt Svoboda / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2014

The article presents initial, partial outputs of the research focused on analysis of „sport stars“ placement in a minor top-level sport – swimming. The study is theoretically grounded in concepts of Pierre Bourdieu (social field and political philosophy of sport) and Howard S. Becker (art worlds). It follows other studies dealing with roles of popular personalities – celebrities or stars – in sports or broader society and examines possibilities of application of the star concept in the sub-field of non-medialised sport. Using outputs of interview with competitive swimmers the article describes specific way of construction of sport stars in view of athletes themselves.

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Příjem bílkovin po odporovém tréninku a svalová hypertrofie (přehledová práce)

Author(s): Michal Kumstát,Michal Richter / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

Protein intake and resistance training are factors affecting the rate of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle hypertrophy manifests as a result of a positive protein balance between the rate of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. An intake of protein containing essential amino acids in the period after the resistance exercise is a key prerequisite of an effective adaptation. Postprandial hyperaminoacidemia is a key factor in the effectiveness of proteosynthetic processes. The most common types of protein used in sports nutrition include milk protein, egg and soy protein. There are significant differences among them in the context of digestion and essential amino acids resorptio kinetics.

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Vzájomná podmienenosť kondičných a koordinačných schopností 13- až 14-ročných atlétov

Author(s): Erik Stenchlák,Ladislava Doležajová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2013

The purpose of study was to find interdependence conditionality of condition and coordination skills of 13 up to 14 year old athletes. We analyzed condition and coordination skills of athletes and based on the correlation matrix, we investigated the interdependence conditionality between age, anthropometry and analyzed movement skills. We do not found any statistically significant positive link between indicators of age, physical development to tests the condition skills. We confirmed that coordination skills are less affected by physical development. Correlation matrix confirmed the factor saturation in different parameters, especially in tests with more complex requirements on the level of movement skills.

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Úroveň akceleračnej rýchlosti, explozívnej sily dolných končatín a špeciálnej vytrvalosti futbalových útočníkov

Author(s): Roman Švantner,Pavol Pivovarniček,Martin Pupiš,Boris Kitka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2013

The purpose of the study was to analyse a level of sprint and jump abilities and intermittent endurance of forwards of Slovakia national soccer team category U21 (n = 5) in the period of classification for The UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. A level of sprint abilities was diagnosed by the apparatus FiTRO Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak republic). The criterion of the assessment of the endurance was the time obtained in the distance of 10 m with the exactness 0.01 s. A level of jump abilities was diagnosed by the apparatus FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak republic). The criterion of the evaluation was the highness of vertical jump from knee-bend/ squat with countermove and with the use of hand swing work in cm with the exactness 0,1cm. A level of intermittent endurance was diagnosed by Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test level 2. The criterion of the assessment of the endurance was the distance (m) in Yo-Yo test.

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Dlouhodobá koncepce sportovního tréninku z pohledu tenisových expertů

Author(s): Josef Dovalil,Jan Pecha / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

This study analyses views of Czech tennis experts of the long-term athletic development in tennis. Based on nine structured open ended interviews is the aim of the study to identify, confirm and/or review the ways of achieving the top tennis performance. The study focuses on three topics of the problem – characteristic features of training, demands on successful players and importance of sport competitions. Results reveal the importance of specialization in the early age of children in the tennis training, and crucial is keeping principles of deliberate play and versatility as well. Psychological factors are frequently mentioned requirements for successful players. Based on the interviews with experts the ranking among top players in youth age categories is an important aspect for the player development. The research brings new and often required information for tennis federations, coaches, managers and researchers, dealing with the talent identification, selection and development.

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Komparácia úrovne akceleračnej rýchlosti a explozívnej sily z hľadiska hráčskych pozícií futbalistov reprezentácie Slovenska U21

Author(s): Pavol Pivovarniček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

The aim of the study was to compare the level of limited physical abilities – sprint and jump abilities of the players of Slovak national under-21 soccer team at different positions. The observational group consisted of Slovak national under-21 soccer players (N = 18, goalkeepers N = 2, defenders N = 4, midfielders N = 7, forwards N = 5) in time of qualification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint abilities was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 10 m with the exactness of 0.01 s. The level of jump abilities was diagnosed with the device FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the jump height in cm with the exactness of 0.1 cm. Differences in the level of sprint and jump abilities were recognised and defined with the special subject analysis. The level of sprint abilities of the whole group was presented with the average performance with the value 2.21±0.08 s.

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Vývoj úspěšnosti střelby elitních biatlonistů

Author(s): Jiří Suchý,Adéla Boudíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

The aim of this study was evaluated the progress of shooting efficiency of elite biathletes fifteen years ago. Shooting efficiency was computed as a proportion of hit targets and number of fired cartridges during all races of World Cup. Values of shooting efficiency in each season were averaged and compared together. It was not able to characterize the shooting efficiency of men by any trend which can describe progress of shooting efficiency. In women category it was recorded progress of shooting efficiency apart from three last seasons. Most of medalists achieved the values of shooting efficiency about 84 – 85. Some biathletes can win with lower shooting efficiency cause of excellent cross country skiing performance. In the average the best three biathlete’s women extend to higher shooting efficiency than the best three biathletes.

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Analýza reakčně-rychlostních schopností u rekreačních hráčů badmintonu – pilotní výzkum

Author(s): Pavel Korvas,Lenka Pechová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2013

The main goal of the pilot research was to do an introductory analysis of the changes of the quick reaction abilities of the recreational badminton players which have a different level of the efficiency during the training cycle. There was made an intervention programme which lasted 3 months. In this programme participated an experimental team formed exclusively of recreational badminton players. The Filtro reaction check was used for diagnostics. After completing the intervention programme the results were compared with a testing team which consists exclusively of reacreational players as well and whose members didn´t participate in the intervention programme.The results have shown the differencies between the experimental team in which the impovement was 12,6 % as for men and 14,2 % as for women and the testing team in which as for men the improvement wasn´t significant and the women´s results got worse. The results were compared for statistical significance level of 0,05. While the data collecting is still in progress, the partial results indicates that it is possible to improve the level of the quick reaction abilities of adult recreatinal badminton players in a relatively short training cycle.

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Zimní sporty ve Speciálních olympiádách

Author(s): Hana Válková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2013

Physical activities and sports in winter outdoor environment are the part of spectrum of possible activities of persons with intellectual disability. Theoretical study is focused on description of winter sports related to domains: a) different approaches in Inas-FID and Special Olympics; b) survey of World Winter Games and national games of SO; c) check-list of winter sports included in World Special Olympic Games and in Czech National program; d) specific regulations of sports selection according sportsman abilities; e) „maximal effort“ regulation; f) possibilities of participation in Special Olympics, and winter sports.

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Specifika a komparace přípravy vrcholových cyklistů s tělesným postižením

Author(s): Ondřej Ješina,Lucie Rybová,Marek Zaoral / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2013

Road cycling is a widespread sport. Training preparation is an essential component of the system applicable in the peak of cycling. Our research is focused on the training differences of top road cyclists with disabilities and without disability. There were total 6 respondents in this research, 3 cyclists with different types of disability and 3 cyclists without disabilities with international experiences. The selection of respondents was intentional. The results are noticeable differences in the preparation of training both groups.

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Reaktivní agilita před a po sportovně-specifickém rozcvičení u hráčů stolního tenisu

Author(s): Martin Sebera,Tomáš Vencúrik,Pavel Vacenovský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the reactive agility league players and players of regional competitions and its changes due to sport-specific warm-up. The research sample consisted of 43 players, who were divided into two groups. First group consisted of 22 players from teams playing in the national league competitions (24.3 ± 5.6 years, body height 179.4 ± 8 cm, body weight 74.8 ± 10.4 kg), the second group of 21 players playing lower regional competitions (26.7 ± 5.64 years, body height 180.2 ± 7.7 cm, body weight 77.8 ± 10.5 kg). We used Fitro agility test modified for table tennis before and after warm-up. For data analysis was used two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. When comparing reactive agility, we found significant difference before and after the sport-specific warm-up for group of league players (885.94 ± 122.69 ms before the warm-up, 842.80 ± 119.48 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 4.87 %, p <0.0004) and also for the group of players from lower competitions (932.96 ± 114.78ms before the warm-up, 871.90 ± 119.68 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 6.54 %, p < 0.0002).

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Silové schopnosti a jejich vliv na sportovní výkon v lezení

Author(s): Jan Meško,Jan Došla / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

The article discusses the impact of strength abilities on performance in climbing. Strength abilities were measured using two motor tests. It was a test of dynamometry and pull-up hang test. Furthermore, anthropometric variables, which include height, weight and body fat percentage, have been measured. During the research a total of 46 persons have been measured; these were divided into three groups – performance climbers, recreational climbers and non-climbers. Only men have been included in the test. The groups have been compared to each other with statistically significant differences being found in parameters “pull-up hang” and “body fat percentage”. No statistically significant differences between other parameters have been found.

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Association between Body Composition and Cardiovascular Fitness

Author(s): Martin Zvonař,Pavel Ružbarský,Róbert Kandráč,Milan Turek,Terezia Slancová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between body composition measures and cardiorespiratory fitness in Slovak high school students. Data on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were obtained from students attending 14 high schools in Presov self-governing region. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer InBody 230 (Biospace, 2006). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by multistage shuttle run and Ruffier test. The results showed that boys had higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness indicated by VO2max and Ruffier index than girls across all age groups. Overall, maximal oxygen uptake of both boys and girls increased with age. According to VO2max the level of cardiorespiratory fitness was poor for boys and girls.

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Demands on sport coach and his competence profile

Author(s): Vladimír Janák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The aim of this paper is to develop first preliminary general competence profile of a coach in CR. The purpose is also to identify the requirements on coach’s personality from the results of several surveys carried out in recent years on the Faculty of physical Education and Sport, Charles University. Another goal of the study is to compare this profile with the general model of competencies for manager in human services. The findings show the specific demands on personality of sport coaches in the Czech Republic and their divergence from the general competence profile of manager in the human services. The result study is a summary of researches based on diverse methods, especially on expert’s assessment and interviews carried out on various samples of respondents. Therefore, the study should be supplemented by further testing and validate study to prove practical application.

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Alternative lottery systems in Europe and key variables for using lottery as a financial resource for sport

Author(s): Filip Hrůza,Marek Pavlík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Financial support of the sport from public budgets has a long tradition however sport in comparison with other state priorities needn’t be always among top priorities. Lack of direct public resources enforces seeking alternatives. Lottery and gambling seems to be natural object for extra taxation respectively reallocation part of profit to the good purposes scheme including sport. The question is how to do this “reallocation” in proper way. We have noticed many different methods in practice from direct tax transfer to the state budget to reallocation of lottery surplus to sport organization selected by the lottery company. The aim of the paper is to gather alternative approaches to the lottery as a tool for sport financing in selected countries and to identify and discuss relevant and most important variables for the lottery system.

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