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Biomechanické a kineziologické aspekty techniky bikrosového startu

Author(s): Sylva Hřebíčková,Miriam Kalichová,Romana Labounková,Martina Bernaciková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2011

The paper deals with techniques bicross start. Based on the analysis of factors limiting the performance start point out, as one of the most important stages in the race. Optimum take off is based on respect for kinesiology and biomechanical patterns, which is this paper dealing with. The aim of this study is to establish a theoretical foundation on which will be built upon empirical work dealing with optimization bicross start.

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Vývoj hráčské struktury a podíl cizinců na herním výkonu družstev extraligy mužů v basketbalu v České republice

Author(s): Jiří Bubák,Emil Řepka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2011

This article looks at the evolution of structure teams in the highest Czech basketball league. The tracking period is since seasons 1998/99 to 2008/09. This research is based on content analysis of game statistics from particular games. The sample of players is classified into three groups (Czech players younger than twenty years, Czech players twenty years old and older, foreign players) and evaluates statistical characteristics by the comparative method. These include the number of players, minutes played, points scored and coefficient of usefulness. The results confirm the expected increase of the number of foreign players as well as continuously growing impact on the game. The impact is expressed as a coefficient of player’s utility. In contrast to this, the trend of participation and usefulness of Czech players younger than twenty years is shown to be diminishing. The hypotheses of our studies are therefore proven valid. The article refers to the change of the team constitution.

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Vplyv špecifických tréningových podnetov na individuálný herný výkon juniorského brankára vo futbale

Author(s): Pavol Hrnčiarik,Pavol Peráček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2012

The research focused on the sport training issue of junior goalkeepers in football. It was a two-group, time-parallel pedagogical experiment in natural conditions of the training process. We surveyed the impact of experimental factor on the dynamics of changes in game performance of goalkeepers with using individual game performance evaluation and expertise method - individual game performance evaluation. The content of special training of goalkeeper was the experimental factor in our pedagogical experiment. The experimental factor appeared differently in experimental and control group. In the technical and tactical preparation it appeared with a different representation of the offensive and defensive activities of goalkeeper. We based composing the experimental factor on more than 100 analyzes of individual game performance of junior and senior goalkeepers in top events.

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Účinnosť všeobecného a kombinovaného silového tréningu na zmeny rýchlostno-silových schopností mladých hokejistov

Author(s): Milan Kabát,Marian Vanderka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2012

Purpose of this study was to compare effects of general strength training with combined maximal strength and plyometrics training. Twelve young ice hockey players were examined and intervened 4-week general strength training (EX1) at first and consequently 4-week, combined training (EX2). Combined training consisted of maximal strength workouts with 2-4 repetitions on 85-95% 1RM and subsequent application of plyometrics workouts with 6-10 repetitions. The training group performed 2 sessions per a week in 3 sets of exercises. The measurements were assessed before, between and after periods and consisted of specific test performed on ice and non-specific tests off ice. The results showed that in EX2 period SJ improved from 33,3 ± 2,89 cm to 34,35 ± 2,80 cm by 1,05 cm (3,2%; p<0,01); CMJ from 36,51 ± 4,39 cm to 37,84 ± 4,36 cm by 1,33 cm (3,6%; p<0,01). Also in EX1 period SJ was changed from 32,48 ± 3,65 cm to 33,3 ± 2,89 cm (p<0,05).

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Porovnání obsahu sestav českých a zahraničních závodnic moderní gymnastiky

Author(s): Viléma Novotná,Iveta Šimůnková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2012

Performance in rhythmic gymnastics (RSG) is in connection with techniques without hand apparatus, techniques with hand apparatus and emotional rendition of music line as a template for the final movement content in competitive choreographies. Based on the video analysis of individual exercises of Czech and foreign gymnasts and in terms of comparing the number of difficulty elements in each routines, in relation to the code of points in RSG was assessed current success of selected competitors. From the results of the analysis is clear, that the Czech gymnasts choose lower level of difficulty elements in their optional routines, which in comparison with the world elite gymnasts show an overall lower level of mastery of technique without hand apparatus.

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Porovnání stimulace silových schopností prostřednictvím cvičení na labilních a stabilních plochách

Author(s): Miroslav Petr,Jiří Baláš,Tomáš Perič,Radim Jebavý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

In our work we sought to verify the effectiveness of a didactic programme of exercise on unstable surfaces for stimulation of strength abilities, compared to a similar didactic programme conducted on stable surfaces, thus creating an alternative choice for coaches, teachers, and sports instructors. A major element of the didactic process is the quality of the strength training programme on stable and unstable surfaces. The sample of probands was selected from a population of college and recreational and active athletes from Prague. The group was made up of men aged 20 to 35 (n = 50). The probands were randomly assigned too groups. From a methodological point of view, this was a single-factor, two-level experiment. The experimental factor was represented by a specifi c strength programme (exercise on unstable surfaces, exercise on a stable base, without any exercise programme). The movement programme lasted 10 weeks and contained 22 exercise units.

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Kondičné schopnosti v štruktúre limitujúcich ukazovateľov výkonu karatistov

Author(s): Katarína Longová,Marian Vanderka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

The aim of the presented work is to contribute to the clarification of the structure of sport performance limiting factors within karate, out of which the following were chosen: disjunctive reaction time lower extremities on visual stimulus and velocity of strike seiken čoku cuki from the perspective of hierarchical formation of the mathematical model. The measured values were processed and the paired comparison analysis was used to find the dependency rate between the particular variables.

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Validita a reliabilita akcelerometru S3+ pro měření rychlosti chůze a běhu systémem Polar RCX5

Author(s): Zdeněk Havel,Martin Škopek,Jan Hnízdil / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the accelerometer S3+. This is an optional part of the new model heart rate monitor Polar RX5. Four endurance athletes completed the on treadmill (0% slope) graded exercise test with an initial speed of 5 kmh-1 with the increase of 0.5 kmh-1 every 200 meters. The test was conducted to rejection. From 8 kmh-1 walking was directive turned to running locomotion. Test was repeated under similar conditions to determine the degree of measurement stability.

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Funkční charakteristiky hráčů fotbalu

Author(s): Pavel Hráský,Tomáš Malý,Jaroslav Teplan,Aleš Kaplan,František Zahálka,Jan Heller,Lucia Malá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

The aim of this contribution is to summarize the state of the functional characteristics of soccer players. The key points addressed in the study are motion model structures player in the game and physiological parameters that can affect a player‘s performance in the match. Physiological parameters and model physical structures in football are addressed in a number of studies and constantly stress the need for sophisticated scientific approach to the player‘s performance in the game. In the survey study, we proceed from the results and conclusions of studies published in foreign scientific journals or presented at important posts of scientific conferences. Player positions are characterized by distinct physical demands in the model motion structure and bioenergetic expenditure and planning training process should respect the following aspects. Players must match within a short period of time to react to changes in direction or manage football in the intensity of locomotion.

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Síla odrazu běžců na lyžích u vybraných technik běhu

Author(s): Jiří Suchý,Pavel Korvas / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

The contribution is the descriptive study which is dealing with the basic kinetic characteristics of main cross country ski skating techniques. We observed and analysed the leg force during the stroke for open field skating or V1 and V2 skating. Next we studied the time of the stroke (kick). The measurement was made with the help of the system Pedar [Novel, GER]. Our observed group created the high performance level competitors, who`s placed till 25th in the SLCR ranking. We found out the various figures of maximal force for both technique, usually higher for open field and V1 technique than for V2 skating, the higher force during the skating on the flat terrain than on the slope for training and race speed.

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Aktuální přístupy k problematice intermitentního (přerušovaného) zatížení

Author(s): Marek Stockinger / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

This summary work should be map the current state of knowledge in the field of intermittent load. It is a relatively new approach to the classification of load mostly in sports games (football, hockey, basketball, etc.) and absolute majority of studies dealing with this problem is realized and then published in foreign scientific journals.

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Porovnanie úspešnosti basketbalovej streľby vzhľadom na rôznu intenzitu zápasového zaťaženia

Author(s): Tomáš Vencúrik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

This article compares successfulness of shooting in relation to the different intensity of game load in girl’s basketball team. To determine the heart rate’s range in five bioenergetics’ zones the figures for maximum heart rate from endurance shuttle run test were used. Each player’s heart rate during the shooting attempt in the game was monitored by telemetric device. The highest number of shooting attempts were recorded in the 4th (23,08 %) and the 5th (44,23 %) zone, which shows high physiological demands during the game. The successfulness of shooting varied in each bioenergetics’ zone.

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Současný přístup k hodnocení talentů pro krátký triatlon v České republice

Author(s): Karel Kovář,Lenka Kovářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

The article presents new findings regarding the evaluation system of talent prerequisites for short triathlon in the pre-peak period, i.e. in junior category (18 – 19 years). We present the current battery of tests and three case studies that bring the possibility of data interpretation. For the evaluation, we used standards (T-points) for individual tests, which illustrate intra- and interindividual differences with respect to a given model – the norm. We found out that a below-average result reached in one of the tested areas cannot be compensated by any above-average result in another area. The most important issue for the assessment of future performance in triathlon is to find the lower limit of 45 T-points, rather than achieving the highest level in some of the tests.

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Změny kinetických charakteristik odrazu volejbalistů mládežnických kategorií v průběhu šesti měsíců

Author(s): Jaroslav Šamšula,Pavel Korvas / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

The authors compare four variables of an attack jump between two groups of volleyball players, juniors and cadets. We observed during six months average strength of rebound, maximal impulse of strength, the time of whole rebound and the time reaching maximal impulse of strength. The group of juniors had better results for every parameter but cadets reached the highest improvement. The younger group gets to positive changes in average strength during rebound by 17,4 %, and for the time of whole rebound about 16,6 %. Maximal impulse of strength was increased by 3,9 % and the time reaching maximal impulse of strength was shorter 14,4 %. Juniors reached smaller changes than cadets, for average strength during rebound 9,2 %, maximal impulse of strength was increased by 12,5 % and the time of whole rebound about 10,6 %.

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Identifikácia a komparácia komponentov telesného zloženia vysoko trénovaných judistov

Author(s): Lucia Malá,Tomáš Malý,František Zahálka,Miroslav Čada / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2011

Authors present a high proportion of fat free mass and a low proportion of fat mass examined by hydrodensitometry in elite judo athletes. The difference in both indicators of body composition between both examined groups was significant (p<0.05); however, we may see a better predisposition to sport performance in seniors when compared to juniors. The examination of body composition is important in terms of a sport performance predictor, as well as for monitoring changes while weight reduction.

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Rozbor úspěšnosti střelby reprezentačního družstva mužů ČR v biatlonu v letech 2002–2010

Author(s): Sylva Hřebíčková,Jan Ondráček,Jan Mezník,Božena Paugschová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

The successful implementation of the biathlon shooting is necessary condition for overall success in the race. In the biggest competitions, such as the World Cup, World Championship and Winter Olympic Games, even one failed hit on the shooting-range leads to the rejection of the sportsman from the fight for the victory in whole race. The main aim of our thesis is to compare successful shooting of the men´s team of the Czech Republic with the winners of above mentioned word competitions. We were discovering the improvement of the successful shooting of the Czech team compared to the control group of winners in the worldwide competitions during two Olympic cycles in the seasons 2002/2003 – 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 – 2009/2010. As the base we have used data from DATACENTER, available on official web pages of the International biathlon organisation IBU.

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Biomechanické faktory rotačního pohybu při přeskocích ve sportovní gymnastice (přehledová studie)

Author(s): František Vaverka,Roman Farana / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

This paper is based on a literature review of scientific studies in the field of biomechanical analysis of rotational movement in gymnastics. Th e paper identifies the key biomechanical variables of rotational movement and the main conclusions are given to research studies in the field of biomechanical analysis and control of rotation movement in gymnastics with a focus on discipline vault. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of scientific papers and studies dealing with biomechanical research in artistic gymnastics, focusing on the rotation movement during vault.

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Kinematická analýza útočného úderu středem sítě ve volejbalu

Author(s): Tomáš Malý,František Zahálka,Miroslav Čada,Lucia Malá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

Main work was kinematic analyse and resulting evaluation spike centre net (zone 3) in different variant fulfilment. Purposes were described, analyse and compare from kinematic of stand-point facture (techniques) spike from zone 3 with choice top players. In top fulfilment those techniques discovering at fulfilment spike same upper arm two diverse fulfilments running and rebound phase. Result analyse was comparative these two different technique fulfilment (spike upper arm with final step on opposite lower leg and in the second case spike upper arm with final step on concurrent lower leg as is attack arm).

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Bezbariérová Olomouc – příklad dobré praxe přístupu města k podpoře vytváření podmínek pro volnočasové aktivity osob nejen se zdravotním postižením

Author(s): Martin Kučera,Ondřej Ješina,Jana Čuková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2013

Cooperation differently oriented public institutions in order to develop leisure activities of people with disabilities is crucial in relation to the implementation of a series of legislative standards (UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Act on the promotion of sports, etc.). The city of Olomouc is one of the most active operators in the long term municipal level, which addresses support for people with disabilities or physical handicaps comprehensively. In 2012, the APA Center began an intense collaboration (Department APA, FTK UP in Olomouc) with the Department of Social Affairs to address accessibility of cultural and sports facilities, public spaces, playgrounds, etc for people woth special needs.

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Dny na monoski 2013 – Příklad propagace APA pro širokou veřejnost

Author(s): Radka Bartoňová,Martin Kučera / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2013

Actions implemented in the four ski areas in Bohemia and Moravia had two main objectives. The first was to attract skiing especially those people with disabilities who have never ski on monoski to create the positive attachment to the sport, or other incentives to operate. The second objective was to present monoskiing to public. First, through media campaigns on the web, on billboards and radio. Either directly in the ski areas that gave them the opportunity to experience firsthand skiing monoski interested from the healthy skiers.

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