Nienasyceni adrenaliną

Author(s): Grażyna Bilik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

In our modern times in all walks of life the possibilities for expanding human activities is a widely discussed issue. It is especially valid in extreme sports where the line between the death and life is very thin. The price paid by such extreme performers poses a question about the ethical aspect of their spectacular performances and their motivation behind them. Thus the question about the responsibility for their own lives and particularly about the lives of the others is put forward.

Zbiorowy wymiar własności w futbolu

Author(s): Jacek Tittenbrun / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

This article focuses on the economic ownership relations in the field of professional football, with special focus on their collective or societal dimension. For while at the basic level football clubs are for the most part privately owned, there is also the important exception of fan ownership, which needs to be considered in terms of common ownership. The former are over-determined by an array of supra-individual relationships intrinsic to the game of football, and the latter are in particular related to the special role of fans and their peculiar emotional bond with their team. The socio-economic setup has many important economic implications, involving, inter alia, the kind of business objective pursued by football or soccer clubs. Whilst the goal of profit maximisation is relevant for the U.S. context, in Europe it is less relevant, primacy being given to success in sports terms, or utility maximisation.

Transformacja instytucjonalna Toru Służewiec w Warszawie a jej pamiętanie w obrębie zamieszkującej go społeczności sąsiedzko-zawodowej

Author(s): Barbara Bossak-Herbst / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

This article addresses the issue of the transformation of the State Company Horse Racetrack Służewiec in Warsaw since 1989, and its communicative remembering within the community of the former employee settlements within the Służewiec Racetrack (the current name of the hippodrome).The first part of the article reconstructs the courses of changes which took place in various levels of decision making and policy with respect to the Służewiec Racetrack and horse racing in Poland. The case analysis shows the process of dialectical initiation and the withdrawal of the state from the de-monopolisation and commercialization of these areas. As a result, it led to the emergence of a hybrid and unmanageable body of private and public institutions that are involved in the organization of horse racing in Warsaw.An institutional analysis of the transformation of the Służewiec Racetrack serves as a contextual explanation for the second part of the article, in which, on the basis of ethnographic research, the remembrance of these changes within the neighbourhood of the Służewiec Racetrack community is discussed. For the residents, order to describe the present life and work in the stables at Służewiec, it is essential to preserve the narrations about the past. In their remembrance, the changes which took place during last quarter-century are merging into narrations of the racetrack’s fall, which has its material correlates in vacancies, ruins and demolition sites in and around the Służewiec Racetrack. It is hypothesized that the unclear and exclusive course of the transformation of the institution of horse racing led to the simplification and idealization of images of the past, which play an explanatory function for the present conditions of the racing community.

POST AKTİVASYON POTANSİYEL (PAP) VE STATİK GERME MODELİ ISINMALARININ SIÇRAMA PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Author(s): Halit Harmancı,Mihri Barış Karavelioğlu,Adnan Ersoy,Oğuzhan Yüksel,Mustafa Sait Erzeybek,Gizem Başkaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different warm-up protocols (post activation potential model warm-up (PAP) and static stretching model warm-up) on jumping performance in male athletes. Forty-five male athletes (Age: 22.22±1.83 yrs; Height: 175.97±5.93 cm; Weight: 76.98±11.42 kg) volunteered to participate in this investigation. The athletes who participated in this study were randomly divided into three groups; Post activation potential group (PAPG) (n=14), static stretching group (SG) (n=14) and control group (CG) (n=17). Initial measurement values of jumping test for all athletes was made followed by 5 minutes passive rest after 5 minutes warm-up at 8 km/h on a treadmill. The second measurements of the athletes were performed 48 hours after the first measurements. In analyzing the data, a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. The results indicated that significant group x time interactions were observed for jumping test scores in the athletes subjected to different warm-up protocols. As a result; post activation potential warm-up method leads to an acute increase in squat jump and 10 reps repetitive vertical jumping height (p<0.05), while static warm-up method causes a significant decrease (p<0.05).

BALIKESİR FEN LİSESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE BESLENME VE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE ALIŞKANLIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Yusuf Alper,Zekine Pündük,Fahri Akçakoyun,Zekeriya Göktaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the nutrition and physical exercise habits change on overweight in Balikesir Science High School students. Eighty-five volunteered students (46 girls and 39 boys), participated in this study. The participant's nutrition habits and physical characteristics were analyzed twice in three years, 1st when participants were 15 years old (grade 9) 2nd when they were 18 years old (grade 12). The study results showed increase in body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) in grade 12 compared to grade 9, but no increase in waist/hip ratio. The participation in physical activity and physical activity duration was declined in grade 12 (p=0.000, p=0.004 respectively). When the scale mean scores evaluated it was found that, the nutrition habit risk score increased except question 2 and 5. In addition, boys more participated in physical activity than girls (p=0.001) when they were in grade 9, but in grade 12 this physical activity participation level more decreased in girls compared to boys (p=0.04). In conclusion, this study results indicated that in grade 12 or 18 years old bad nutrition habits increased and physical exercise participation level decreased with school and exam factors.

Wokół pytań o polską socjologię sportu

Author(s): Jakub Ryszard Stempień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article analyzes the condition and achievements of the sociology of sport in Poland. It discusses some vital controversies related to the subject and the name of the sub-discipline (sociology of sport versus sociology of physical culture). The article also scrutinizes the list of the weaknesses of the sociology of sport in Poland (among them: narrow spectrum of issues, lack of original studies and poor quality of studies), that the literature had hitherto provided. The aim of the article is to carry out an empirical verification of the catalogue of these problems. The verification is conducted by means of the analysis of five Polish sociological journals (Studia Socjologiczne, Przegląd Socjologiczny, Polish Sociological Review, Kultura i Społeczeństwo and Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny) from the period of 2001-2015, covering a total number of 280 volumes. Twenty-nine papers belonging to the sub¬discipline are identifi ed. The fi ndings confirm that the study themes undertaken by the sociology of sport in Poland are not diverse (mainly: football and hooligan groups’ activities) and that theoretical studies are visibly overrepresented. In the conclusions, the neglected fields and forms of sociological debate on the sphere of physical culture are listed (particularly, the lack of book reviews).

Narażenie na hałas podczas meczu piłkarskiego

Author(s): Bartłomiej Kukulski,Kamil Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2018

This article presents the problem of legal regulations on noise at mass events. It also presents the results of noise measured during a football match. The study was carried out on October 22, 2017 in Kraków, during a match between Wisła Kraków and Legia Warszawa. Changes in sound pressure level values were recorded during the whole event. Then specific fragments were analyzed. Noise was measured at three points inside the stadium. Calculated values of the LCpeak, LAFmax and LAeq parameters were compared with permissible values in the work environment; a frequency analysis of selected match events was made.

Mitropa-Cup. Kreowanie koncepcji politycznej poprzez sport

Author(s): Dariusz Wojtaszyn / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 04/2017

The Mitropa-Cup football games were inaugurated in 1927 and the participants were some states of the former Habsburg Monarchy. The article is an attempt to identify the most important activities undertaken in Central Europe, inspired mainly by Austria, in order to create a Mitteleuropa-concept using the most popular sports discipline in the region. (...) The paper also endeavours to indicate how the Mitropa-Cup served - besides strictly political actions - the purpose of copying with post-Habsburg reality in the sport and social area in the former states of the monarchy.

PREZENTACIJA GRAFIKONA ANTROPOMETRIJSKIH FAKTORA PROGRAMSKIM PAKETOM MATLAB

Author(s): Mirjana Mađarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

To conduct scientific research in kinesiology special disciplines of anthropometry, kinesiometry, psychometry and sociometry have been used with the aim of studying the measurement accuracy, the metric characteristics of measuring instruments, the organization of the measurement procedure and determining the measurement error. The object of measurement in kinesiology is a human being, i.e. his or her abilities, attributes and anthropological characteristics. To obtain objective and truthful accounts of phenomena and to determine the probability rate in confirming or disproving certain facts (relations, tendencies and principles) relating to complex adaptive reactions of humans, one of the primary scientific tasks is to study the manifested variables and latent dimensions of the subject's psychosomatic status. The factors behind anthropometric variables differ around the world and are dependent on age and sex, as well as on the genetic and socioeconomic components. This is the reason why the results of factor analyses cannot be used a priori. Considering the changes in socioeconomic conditions which occur at an accelerated pace, these studies are in need of modernization and repetition, and the use of the latest mathematical models is recommended in order to acquire a more accurate description of events in the structure of anthropological space, since the results quickly become obsolete. To process the data various mathematical models and procedures are implemented whose first aim is to attempt to identify the dimensions and determine their structure, followed by finding relations among them and between them and the criteria (the levels of success in certain activities or situations), which presupposes setting up valid, reliable and accurate measuring instruments to monitor and assess these variables. This study has been inspired by the inadequacy of answers provided by the theoretical assumptions about the relations of various parameters and by the experiments conducted and analyzed using basic and multivariate statistics which failed to address the questions in the studies of psychomotorics and anthropometry. The greatest challenge has been the application of a new method which could, in theory, provide more accurate and satisfactory answers to the questions posed. The science of kinesiology utilizes a multitude of scientific methods to conduct research, especially when the research involves a new or insufficiently studied phenomenon, in which case the experimental method is the only proper way of obtaining insights. A highly successful simulation can be performed using software and simulators which are universal and more flexible and powerful than regular software modules. MATLAB is an interactive software designed for linear algebra and matrix calculations. It is easily linked to the simulation system using ACSL - Advanced Continuous Simulation Language. It can be expanded to include modules for system management, signal processing, system identification, optimization, statistics etc. MATLAB software has been used in writing this paper. Due to the volume of data, not all of the findings have been presented. The results of measurements of certain combinations of factors from the subsystem of anthropometric space have been presented.

EXERCIȚIILE FIZICE SUNT UN MANDAT PENTRU SĂNĂTATEA NOASTRĂ

Author(s): Valentina Ciomag,Corina Dinciu / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2016

Each of us should pay special attention to our own body, developing and maintaining a proper body posture, maintaining our health and also a high tonus.Higher education institutions in the world pay greater attention to human being’s physical condition, their efforts being undertaken under the idea of physical benefit, defined by acquiring and encouraging healthy life habits.Physical education is an important, indispensable component of general education, which aims mainly to develop individual’s physical, mental, social and cultural features in a positive direction. Physical activity carried out systematically and regularly, contributes directly to improving the structure and functions of the various organs and body systems.The physical condition is an expression that characterizes human biological availability to face the daily demands caused by the external environment. In normal conditions, the human body is exposed to cold, heat, effort and, finally, to professional demands.

BENEFICIUL EXERCIȚIILOR FIZICE ALE CORPULUI ȘI SĂNĂTĂȚII NOASTRE

Author(s): Valentina Ciomag,Victor Marian Zamfir / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2016

Self-esteem is a psychological component of self-image reflecting how we feel about ourselves. This subject is seen as a key indicator of psychological well- being. The benefit of regular exercices extend over time in: a healthy life, a body satisfaction, a good selfbody image.All of us have direct experience in sport phenomenon as competitors, trainers and researchers and this practical experience help us to formulate the conclusion that the effect of sport training is materialized in our positive attitude, good mood, satisfied self-body image, good health, preciouses wellbeing.A body subjected to a regime of physical exercise according to the own possibilities of movement is less exposed to the risk of disease, acquiring increased resistance to pathogens, by the resistance offered by biological adaptation to stress (translated into increased capacity of body organs and systems).

Profiling Attendees at a Major Women’s Football Event in Cameroon

Author(s): Frinwei Njihy Achu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

The aim of this study is to profile attendees at a major women’s football event in Cameroon. The study is argued from the perspective that women’s football events have been a neglected phenomenon within the African context, and that there is a need for giving such events attention. Previous studies with regard to major football events have been biased towards developed contexts, as well as towards men’s events, while women’s events have received little attention. The research employs an explorative quantitative research design. A structured survey was used to generate 759 valid responses from attendees at the Africa Women Cup of Nations tournament in Cameroon. The study found that the majority of attendees at women’s football events are from the African region, travel in groups, usually stay at the destination for a relatively long time, and engage in post-event tourism activities. The results of the study have implications for the planning and development of major women football events, and contribute to the existing literature accordingly. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the researcher’s intention to add value to the literature regarding major women’s football events in the African context.

Physical Activity and Importance of Water for the Body

Author(s): Ady-Constantin Rancea / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2018

Muscle activity is accompanied by an increase in blood flow, an increase in blood pressure and an increase in capillary permeability. Under the effect of these three factors and especially under the influence of greater hydrostatic pressure, plasma exudation increases along the capillaries and often even the increase in venous pressure opposes the return of the interstitial fluid to the venous pole of the capillary network.Physical activity is present on the various hydrosalin balance sheet items. Hypertonic and plasma exudation factor causes compensatory reactions of the neuroendocrine system, regulating the hydroelectrolytic equilibrium: putting into play the neuro-pituitary antidiuretic system, the intervention of thirst. These two mechanisms are not always sufficient to maintain the body's hydration. Various studies have shown that reducing body water causes a marked fall in work-related skills. A water loss of 4-5% of body weight reduces muscle workout by 20-30%. Efforts in the warm atmosphere risk triggering a circulatory collapse when dehydration corresponds to 10% of body weight. The water balance deficit should be prevented by adequate and sometimes anticipated consumption of a suitable volume of water. But the possibilities of total and immediate loss compensation are limited by the rate of digestive absorption of liquids. Gastric emptying is a very critical point for this device because passage through the pill depends, in part, on the osmolality of the ingested liquid.

Improving the Serve Efficiency in Volleyball Using Tai Chi-Qi Gong Oriental Techniques

Author(s): Gabriela Petruţa Știrbu / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2018

As a practitioner, then as a coach in the performance volleyball for years, I felt the lack of a training program that combined as simple and effective as possible the technical-tactical, physical and mental training required for any high-level sporting activity. Later in time, after learning and deepening the Tai Chi and Qi Gong oriental techniques, and after I co-opted in my team's staff a specialist of these oriental techniques in the person of Mrs. Mihaela Frai, I realized the beneficial influence which they may have on the average individual, but especially on an athlete in any stage of training.

Muller, A. & Bacsne Baba, E. (2018): The Relation between Living a Healthy Lifestyle and Doing Sports. Letavertes: Letavertes Sc.

Author(s): Zsuzsa Nagy,Zsolt Kristóf / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

ROMANIAN SPORT INTEGRITY PROBLEMS AND WHISTLEBLOWING IN 2017-2018

Author(s): Pompiliu-Nicolae Constantin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

ROMANIAN SPORT RECORDED MANY CASES OF WHISTLEBLOWING IN 2017 AND 2018; WHICH HAVE TRANSPIRED ESPECIALLY IN THE MEDIA. SOCIETY HAS OFTEN RECEIVED TESTIMONIES ABOUT ABUSES; DOPING OR FIXED MATCHES AND THIS ASPECT SHOWED THE PROBLEMS OF THE SPORT SYSTEM. THE IMPACT OF WHISTLEBLOWING THAT WAS VISIBLE DURING THESE TWO YEARS DISPLAYS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PROCESS OF REPORTING IRREGULARITIES AND THE PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE PEOPLE FROM SPORT. THE ETHICALISSUES ARE DEBATED THROUGH THE REPORTING OF ILLEGAL WRONGDOINGS. WHISTLEBLOWING BECAME MORE ACCEPTED IN THE ROMANIAN SOCIETY BECAUSE LEGAL STATUTES ARE STIPULATED. THE CASES OF WHISTLEBLOWING ARE A GOOD INDICATOR FOR THE LEVEL OF INTEGRITY IN ROMANIAN SPORT AND IT HELPS TO UNDERSTAND THE CHALLENGES OF THE PHENOMENON. THIS STUDY GATHERS THE MOST IMPORTANT CASES OF WHISTLEBLOWING FROM THE PERIOD 2017-2018 AND EXPAINS THEIR CONTEXT; THEIR RELEVANCE AND CONSEQUENCES.

Negatywne konsekwencje dyplomacji sportowej dla wizerunku państwa. Przykład letnich igrzysk olimpijskich w Rio de Janeiro

Author(s): Anna Kobierecka / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 04/2018

Sport is one of the tools frequently used by states in the process of their image creation, strengthening their soft power and possibilities of influencing the international environment. One of such methods of reaching those goals is organization of sport mega-events that have an international outreach. The aim of this article is to show the possible negative consequences for a state’s image that result from organizing such a sport mega-event. The analysis conducted is based on the example of the Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. The hypothesis stated in the article claims that some forms of sport diplomacy and image creation sport diplomacy that depend on the state’s actions can weaken the state’s image or at best not influence it in a positive way.

Motywy podejmowania aktywności fizycznej w czasie wolnym przez studentów trenujących i nietrenujących

Author(s): Ewa Stępień,Jacek Stępień,Maciej Olesiejuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Introduction. The purpose of our research was a comparative analysis of physical activity in free time and the motives of its performance in students doing sports professionally and those who do not. Material and methods. The study involved students from two Polish higher education institutions - Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska and Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska. In total, 130 people were tested: 65 athletes and 65 non-professional athletes. Results. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the research, it can be concluded that being involved in performing sport professionally affects respondents’ opinions concerning leisure time and their participation in sports and leisure activities. Conclusions. Students who do sports are more attentive to physical recreation and are twice as physically active during leisure time than those who do not practice sports. The motives which affect the respondents’ physical activity include character formation, acquisition of new skills, social skills, sports career and health improvement. Professional athletes understand the health benefits of regular physical activity.

Dylemat duchowego i moralnego rozwoju osobistego współczesnego studenta-sportowca

Author(s): Elena Zakolodnaya / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The practice of doing sports during adolescent years abounds in situations which may cause unacceptable behavior, such as rudeness, selβishness, vanity, etc. Observations of coaches’ work reveal that athletes’ planned and systematic spiritual and moral education is often neglected in the training process. However, preventing and combating negative manifestations in sport is possible primarily with the help of spiritual and moral education and one of its most important missions, i.e. building beautiful human relationships. The most helpful tool in education seems to be a proper analysis of parenting situations that form the basis for metaphorical work.

GENETİK YAPININ SPORTİF PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ

Author(s): Mehmet Akgül,Şebnem Ünlüişler,Dinçer Karaca / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2018

In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and propose additional markers for the identification of motor skill acquisition and learning. While displaying some inconsistencies, both the ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms appear to be more prevalent in strength and endurance sporting teams, and have been found to correlate to physical assessments. However, in elucidating the role of genetic markers in athleticism, existing talent identification protocols may significantly improve and ultimately enable targeted resourcing in junior talent pathways.