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The drift of supportism in Morocco: The drifts of the supportorism have become recurrent, through this article, we propose to synthesize the provisions of Law 09-09 which addresses violence and vandalism in stadiums to show the difficulties of its application, demonstrate the inadequacy of the police approach and make recommendations to make the show enjoyable again.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate aspects related to the knowledge of the beneficial effects of practicing physical exercise on certain types of disorders, as well as the level of motivation of subjects to engage in their practice. The study was based on a 7-item questionnaire including the following: 1. Moment of diagnosis of the condition; 2. Doctor’s approval for physical activity; 3. Recommended physical activities; 4. Personal motivation for attending physical education classes; 5. Awareness of health benefits; 6. Level of motivation. 7. Awareness of psycho-social benefits. The study was conducted on a sample of 29 first- and second-year students from the three faculties of the “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, who were medically exempt from physical education classes. Analysing their responses, we have concluded that: most students involved in the study (86%) have partial medical exemption and the doctors’ recommendation for individual and/or group physical activities such as trips, hiking, swimming, medical gymnastics, aerobics; there is a need to design special exercises and exercise structures for students with partial medical exemption, which can be performed in group during the physical education lesson. This is important for including this category of students in regular physical activity throughout the academic year, which would lead them to an active lifestyle; there is also awareness and motivation for involvement in group sports activities, during which socialisation and self-knowledge are obtained spontaneously.
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The paper assesses the abilities of second-grade students for physical education activities, with the aim of developing their psychological and social attitudes that are necessary for their integration into the community. The design of the educational activity for the second grade, which is achieved through the means of dynamic games, aims at developing and educating psychomotor skills but also optimising the psychological and social attitudes needed to build the social behaviour of students. Participants in the research are 81 students aged 8 to 9 years. The sociometric method was used to assess the dynamic of the sociability level and the intensity of existing relationships between students in the physical education lesson in order to track the formation of their prosocial behaviour during the basic acquisition cycle. In this respect, two sociometric types of tests were designed (according to the model of Zlate, 1982), which were applied differently: a written assessment – a sociometric questionnaire; a written paper – the practice of the sociometric questionnaire, as well as a practical test – the dynamic game. After analysing and comparing the final data with the initial ones through the two tests following the didactic strategy, we can conclude that the interpersonal relationships between students have reached a level of social maturity in school, while the level of group cohesion is reflected in the unity of the group rather than the person.
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Compliance with the law is mandatory, but a subject of law cannot be required to comply with a law that is not clear (regarding the unequivocal nature of the object of regulation), accurate (with reference to the accuracy of the chosen legislative solution and the language used) and predictable (on the purpose and consequences it entails), as he cannot adapt his conduct to the normative hypothesis of the law. One of the requirements of the principle of compliance with the laws concerns the quality of normative acts, therefore, any normative act must meet certain qualitative conditions, respectively to be clear, precise and predictable
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We are all products of culture. Thus, when people enter other cultures, they need to find a way to deal with them. Both African Americans and Italian Americans have had to find ways to deal with the force of a dominant American culture. It is not surprising that the two cultures, which shared many similarities, chose baseball and music to do so. This article focuses on the way baseball was used as a means of acculturation into dominant American culture, and by so doing, changing that culture.
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Examining the links between performance and financial issues has been, and still is, subject of a great number of researches both in the business and in the non-profit environment. In this respect, the world of sports has not been bypassed either, using concepts and / or instruments from accounting, economics or statistic areas in order to analyse a firm or an NGO in the sport industry and his success. The present study represents one of the first attempt to value the Romanian sports federations’ activity which is not based solely on the scores attained following places and medals won by athletes participating in the national and international competition system. And it is intended to identify an appropriate methodology to highlight how efficient the sports federations have been in 2019 year, reporting the results obtained to the resources used, from a domestic perspective (meaning the participation in national sports events and the scores obtained). This paper addresses 12 Romanian sports federations (out of 75 federations on sport branches) and their efficiency, through the lens of several input, output and outcome indicators, using public data gathered from various sources - the Romanian Ministry of Finance, the National Institute of Statistics, the Romanian Ministry of Youth and Sports. Using statistical tools, such as Spearman rank correlation, as well as statistical methods, such as standardization, we developed an efficiency calculation methodology, which could be used to support managerial team to improve and / or reshape federations' activities, if necessary.
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The research follows the evolution of the number of legitimate athletes, of the number of coaches and of the number of departments (clubs) within two sports federations: the Romanian Basketball Federation and the Romanian Handball Federation. The statistics show a different dynamic regarding the number of legitimate athletes in the period 1992-2019, the study making a comparison between the two federations in terms of management programmes and the impact thereof on the dynamics of the number of athletes, coaches and number of departments.The research started from the hypothesis that the type of management and marketing applied at the federation level is very important because it directly influenced the existence of the number of clubs, coaches and implicitly the number of legitimate athletes, in the context in which both federations are national structures under the control of the Ministry of Youth and Sports and funded from a single source, to a large extent. The data were collected from the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, from the Ministry of Youth and Sports and from the website of the two Federations. The study refers to certain differences in the application of management and marketing strategies and the evolution of the 2 federations. The research also offers some explanations from a social, economic and political perspective of the dynamics of the compared parameters.
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Taking up the issue of Olympism, we cannot ignore Pierre de Coubertin, who designed its general organizational and axiological framework. From the perspective over a hundred years of time, we can say that out of many possible scenarios for the development of sport, this was done with the Olympic idea in the lead role. However, the purpose of the study is to answer the questions: What would be the world and sport without Coubertin? Has the future global success of the Games been the result of Coubertin’s conceptual and organizational activities or the expression of the needs of the objective world? Two conceptions were used in the paper: the individualistic concept assumes that the motive power of all processes can be an individual human initiative and socio-deterministic construct, in which individual entities are only pawns of historical necessity. Considering the different socio-cultural conditions of the world at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and modern times, Coubertin’s merits include the implementation of the ancient Olympic idea in modern terms, the introduction of ethical principles into sport through Olympic Education, the internationalization of the local idea of the Greek Games and the organizational form of the International Olympic Committee.
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The article has strictly a theoretical and non-empirical character. The author presents examples resulting from various observations. The aim of the paper is to present the causes, functions, and results of fouls, fouling, and foul play. Although fouls do not comply with the rules of games, the paper demonstrates that fouls are often used; they enjoy a quiet acceptance of the sporting world; they are tolerated and accepted; even more, they are often - more or less explicitly – desirable. The author employed the idiographic method (descriptive), that is, an approach typical for the general methodology applied in the non-empirical humanities and social sciences; the analytical method (referring to the British analytical philosophy);the nomothetic method (explanatory), the approach based on exegesis and hermeneutics of cultural texts utilized in order to create a closer understanding of the phenomenon of foul; the axiological method (evaluating of the use of foul);and the synthetic method, which was mainly used in the summary and the abstract. Author also applied a specific methodology, which refers to interpretationism based, in this case, on a genetic approach (referring to the sources and causes of phenomenon of foul), as well as on a realistic and empathetic approach.
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Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, zda a jakým způsobem ovlivnila opatření přijatá v souvislosti se snahou omezit šíření onemocnění Covid-19 aerobní zdatnost, konkrétně vytrvalostní schopnosti u vybrané skupiny žáků staršího školního věku. A dále zjistit, zda a k jakým změnám ve sledovaném parametru došlo po návratu do běžného režimu.
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Cílem příspěvku je prezentovat aktuální přístup českých učitelů k hodnocení v tělesné výchově. V návaznosti upozornit na silné a slabé stránky a popsat doporučení pro praxi.
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Cílem práce bylo zjistit změny v koncentraci lysozymu po klidovém období a po sportovní zátěži.
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Pohybové aktivity harmonicky vyrovnávají osobnost ve sférách bio-psycho-sociospirituální pohody jedince a jejich základním prvkem je pohyb (Blahutková, Řehulka, Dvořáková 2005). Cílem práce je zjistit zájem a míru sportovně pohybových aktivit u vysokoškolských studentů Masarykovy univerzity během povinné nebo volitelné tělesné výchovy v rámci vysokoškolského studia na MU.
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One of the current areas of theoretical considerations and scientific research in the field of physical culture sciences is the development of creativity of students (at various levels of education) and their creative abilities, which is supposed to take place through the use of various educational forms – plays, games, activities or tasks that help develop specific dispositional characteristics of a young person. In these studies, very often (taking into account the review of the world literature), great importance is attached to adapted physical activity, which, thanks to its diversity and the possibility of wide application, can affect not only the aspects of motor and movement skills of children, but also – by stimulating selected structures brain – for the development of various cognitive functions. At the same time, the importance of exercises involving strictly creativity training in the process of modern physical education is described, where the use of selected didactic methods is to contribute, among others, to the increase of students' interest in activities based on physical involvement. An example of such a method are tasks using EduBalls and mini-EduBalls, which allow students to combine physical activity (gross and fine movement skills and basic motor skills) with their education (in the area of language, graphomotor and mathematical skills) or stimulation of cognitive structures, which was confirmed in numerous studies.
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The article is an attempt to identify and establish relationships and dependencies between the organisational culture of a primary school and the attitudes of students. The aim of this research is to show the problematic behaviours of students during physical education classes and pedagogical analysis of ambiguous situations due to the lack of a rational approach to the issue of the desired organisational models of the didactic and educational process. The empirical material was a research group consisting of 101 primary school students forming four training teams. The author recorded the results obtained on the basis of pedagogical retrospection (direct observation method, document analysis method). Reflections (qualitative approach) of involved teachers on the problematic behaviour of children and young people depending on the training conditions were also taken into account. The data recording period is September – November 2019 (fourth grade combined groups – 25 students; sixth grade combined groups – 26 students) and September – early November 2022 (fourth grade combined groups – 24 students, seventh grade combined groups – 26 students pupils). The pedagogical project was aimed at collecting information enabling the answer to the research question posed: Do insufficient spatial conditions favour problematic behaviours of students of a selected primary school? In response to the formulated research question, it was stated that insufficient spatial conditions are condu
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The implementation of physical education remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic encountered particular difficulties due to the specificity of the subject. The aim of the study was to get to know the opinions of physical education teachers on distance teaching, which was in the scope of their responsibilities. Among the advantages of remote teaching, the surveyed teachers emphasised the use of modern technologies in practice (67,6%), an easier implementation of the content of the Core Curriculum (CC) related to health education (34,2%), and for 27% of teachers, the remote teaching gave the possibility of greater control and independence of students. Among the shortcomings, the respondents indicated primarily the inability to carry out tasks correctly (72,2%). Moreover, the negative aspects included limited contact with students (61,9%), as well as difficulties in implementing the content of the CC in terms of physical development and physical fitness (57,3%). The surveyed group of the physical education teachers mostly reacted well to the crisis situation, using their creativity, available sources, as well as multimedia possibilities. Undoubtedly, the epidemic situation has shown how comprehensive the preparation of teachers for work in the modern education system should be.
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The purpose of the fragment of the results of our own research presented in the article was to find out the opinions of students of selected specialties of the pedagogy faculty of the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of Łódź on remote education and to determine any differences between the respondents studying early childhood education and physical and health culture. The diagnostic survey method and survey technique were used to conduct the study. A specially constructed survey questionnaire was filled out by 127 students, including 96 women and 31 men, 61 studying physical and health culture specialties and 66 female students of early childhood education. The results of the study were statistically analyzed by assessing the statistical significance of the differences using the chi-square test. The results show that more than half of the respondents have a negative attitude toward distance education, including more physical and health culture students than female early childhood pedagogy students. According to the students, the system limits contact with peers and instructors, does not encourage further work, and is unable to clarify nagging problems. The main advantages of e-learning were found to be cost-effectiveness, time-saving, and the possibility of learning anywhere at any time.
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The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of parents of children from the first grades of primary school about body static disorders and physical activity. The research was carried out in the years 2017–2019 in Lodz. Parents of children from five primary schools, representing five districts of the city, were subjected to them. The study used the diagnostic survey method. In total, 521 correctly completed questionnaires were obtained. The surveyed parents only in about ⅓ of all cases answered correctly the questions about the characteristics of posture defects and their diagnosis. However, most of them are aware of the importance of physical activity for the proper development of the child and they take care of correcting body posture every day.
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This article examines prosocial behaviours and the perception of understanding fair play rule as a principle in the context of physical education and sport in adolescents participating in sports, and those not undertaking sports at all. The main aim of this research is to explore and indicate potential connections between understanding of the idea of fair play and selected prosocial behaviours (e.g., abiding by the rules, respecting decisions of the referee and sportsmanship) in youth. In total, 1257 secondary school students, aged 16.1 ± 0.87 years (627 girls and 600 boys), were interviewed. For assessing the level of fair play awareness (P), the Fair Play Moral Dimensions Concept Scale was used. To measure the confirmed level of prosocial behaviours of school students, the survey My Physical Education Class was used. Participants were divided into groups based on their training experience (no sports at all, amateur sports enthusiast, professional sports athlete). Then subgroups according to their understanding of the Fair Play principle (P1 to P3) were designed The results show significant differences in all dilemmas in various groups in relation to scores in subgroup P3 (p = 0.056; p = 0.012; p = 0.003) regarding subgroups P2 and P1 in the level of understanding fair play. Overall, the percentage of respondents who view fair play rule only in the context of sport (P1) is 69%. Far fewer (31%) are those who understand it more broadly as a principle that applies to everyday life situations (P3). Therefore we state that it is crucial to promote moral development during Physical education and sports process, especially the value of respect. For that reason, we need well educated PE teachers and sport couches.
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Modern Olympism grew out of admiration for the idea of the ancient Olympic Games. It was preceded by the development of gymnastic systems and enhanced sports forms in the form of associations and clubs operating in the 19th century. The place of sport used in social life in many countries, unfortunately, the presence in this field was the domain of men. Thanks to the emancipation movement, women were heading for equality, also in the field of sports. This text shows the beginning of the activity of Polish female athletes in the Olympic Games in the interwar period and the inclusion of women in world sport.
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