KONSTRUKCJA PRZESTRZENI MIEJSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY HYBRYDY CZŁOWIEK-ROWER

Author(s): Barbara Grodecka-Poprawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

PL: Tekst zawiera wnioski z projektu badawczego Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej z perspektywy hybryd «Rower-Człowiek» w ich codziennych trasach poprzez Wiedeń. Trzy studia przypadku (oryg. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von hybriden „Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten“ auf ihren alltäglichen Wegen durch Wien Drei Fallbeispiele), przeprowadzonym w 2011/2012 roku. Projekt oparty był na koncepcji prakseologicznej Jean-Pierre'a Warniera oraz teorii aktora-sieci. Człowiek i rower poprzez wspólne doświadczenie motoryczne tworzą specyficzną hybrydyczną jedność, zwaną dalej „człowiek-rower”. Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej oraz percepcja rzeczywistości z perspektywy tej jednostki zasadniczo różnią się od doświadczeń innych podmiotów. EN: The article contains the conclusions from the research project Design of Public Space From the Hybrid Perspective of the “Man-Bicycle” in Their Daily Routes Through Vienna. Three Case Studies (orig. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von Hybriden “Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten” auf Ihren alltäglichen Wegen Fallbeispiele Drei durch Wien), carried out in 2011–2012. The project was based on the praxiological concepts of Jean-Pierre Warnier and actor-network theory. Through the shared experience of a hybrid motor, man and bicycle form a special hybrid unity, hereinafter referred to as “man-bicycle”. The construction of urban space and the perception of reality from the perspective of this being are fundamentally different from those of other beings.

Од узорног омладинца до бутовника без разлога – популарне представе о фудбалерима у Југославији 50-их и 60-их година 20. Века

Author(s): Dejan Zec / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sport, and football in particular, became very important factors in the social life of the 20th century Serbia and Yugoslavia. Because of its significance and influence on the masses, football was under heavy pressure of the political establishment throughout the century and those political factors tried to use football for their own political goals. The policy of football control which existed in pre-WW II Yugoslavia and during the war and occupation was continued during socialism. The communist authorities abolished the „bourgeois” sporting system and tried to build their own, using constraint, ideological indoctrination and propaganda. The popular notions of footballers were created and promoted by the controlled media, such as the press and the radio, and those notions were accepted by the public as completely true. Narratives which suited the authorities, such as the one about Stjepan Bobek and Rajko Mitić, which promoted and symbolized the idea of „Brotherhood and Unity”, camaraderie, modesty and willingness to work hard, were constantly present in the public sphere. The seamy side of Yugoslav sport, such as misconduct of sportsmen, ethnic tensions and moral and political corruption, were hidden away from the public. Using the propaganda, in the late 1940's and throughout the 1950's, the notion was created that footballers were model youths and upstanding and worthy members of the socialist community. In the 1960's there was a major shift in the popular views on football and footballers. The public generally focused more on the negative sides of football and footballers who were outside the box and who broke the standard patterns of behavior generally accepted in socialist Yugoslavia. During the 1960's a few footballers emerged who were both loved and hated by the press and by the public alike, such as Dragoslav Šekularac from the „Crvena zvezda” football club. He was probably the first real superstar of Yugoslav football. The causes of this shift in perspective were numerous, most notably larger accessibility of the media content to the average Yugoslav, but also the general trend of liberalization of the public sphere in 1960’s Yugoslavia, which allowed the press to write more freely. The consequences of such a change were numerous, the most important being that the Yugoslav football was rarely used in state political propaganda in the coming years. The football public became more critical and the negative trends in football more visible, making thus the further development of Yugoslav football more similar to that in the rest of Europe and of the world.

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године

Author(s): Dejan Zec / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Throughout its existence, sports in Serbia and Yugoslavia developed, to a large degree, under the influence of politics and various political ideologies. In the Kingdom of Serbia, MPs and government ministers had the power to both help and hinder sporting clubs, and in the return they gained popularity and prestige that went hand in hand with the executive posts in sporting clubs and with the presence in the executive boxes of the stadium terraces. In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, sport, among other domains of public interest, represented a ground for clashes between the state officials, which used sporting clubs and organizations as tools for promoting government policies and, starting in 1929, as instrument for spreading the ideology of integral Yugoslavism, and the opposition, both democratic and nationalistic, which also held great influence in sports, especially in the Croatian parts of the country. The socialist period of Yugoslav history was not much different. Totalitarian ideologies paid great attention to sports and physical culture, not just as an ideal medium for self-promotion and advertising the superiority of one’s own political and social model, but also as generally important segments of social and cultural life of one nation, ideal for implementing various models of social engineering. Yugoslav communists paid much attention to the issues of sport and physical culture from the earliest days of their action, continuing the traditions of early socialists, who saw the connection between sports and physical exercise and the general state of nation’s health, especially the health condition of urban working population. Members and officials of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia participated in the work of Moscow-based Red Sport International (or Sportintern) and other international communist sporting associations and at the same time managed numerous sporting clubs throughout the country. There were hundreds of sporting clubs in Yugoslavia controlled by the communists with thousands of members and competitors. During the Second World War, the communist- controlled National Liberation Army organized numerous sporting events, such as the partisan „Olympics“ in Foča in 1942, sporting games of the youth in Drvar in 1944, football matches in the liberated island of Vis in 1944 or the foundation of the „Partizan“ sports society in Topusko in 1944. Immediately after the liberation of Serbia in 1944, the new public authorities were being established. Due to the need to arrange the pressing issues as soon as possible, sporting life in Serbia was for a while in a sort of a vacuum. Technically speaking, sports and physical culture were at the beginning controlled by the Ministry of Education, but practically, in 1944 was controlled by no one. In 1945 the direction of new sports politics was becoming more obvious – the initiative was left to youth and syndicalist organizations, as well as the army, and they took upon themselves the obligation to reckon with bourgeois tendencies in sports and to set completely new foundations to Serbian sport. Main characteristics of the earliest period of post-war Serbian sporting history were suppression of the old civic sporting clubs and associations and confiscation of their property, creating new clubs, which represented new authorities and social and political organizations, as well as organization of supreme controlling bodies, which were to keep their eyes on the entire sporting life of the nation. The model on which the new clubs were organized can best be seen on the examples of the two Belgrade sporting associations founded in 1945 – „Crvena zvezda“, a club run by Serbian United Antifascist Youth League, and „Partizan“, club run by the Yugoslav army. It is important to mention that control over the sporting clubs was to certain extent decentralized – in the beginning, the main authorities in sports were Physical Culture Councils, which were organized at the level of federal units, which meant that supreme governing body of Serbian sport was the Physical Culture Council of Serbia, while the Yugoslav Physical Culture Council was just a federation of basically autonomous organizations. This meant that different Yugoslav republics actually led quite different sporting policies. The policies especially differed in Serbia and Croatia. Yugoslav sport in the period of socialism was in the constant process of change. With the partial change in the political and ideological course of the state due to the confrontation with the Cominform, the grip on sport was somewhat loosened. The relations in Yugoslav sport also changed when the politics of self-governing was introduced. However, the radical transformation of Serbian sport from the earliest period of communist rule shaped the sport in the second half of the 20th century and some of the decisions then made still linger today.

Спортска политика у окупираној Србији – државна контрола и покушаји идеологизације

Author(s): Dejan Zec / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sports life in the occupied Serbia was under great pressure from the occupation and collaborationist authorities. Sports life resumed almost immediately after the end of military operations, mostly along the pre-war lines, but taking into account the new political and security circumstances. The German occupiers didn’t have much interest in spreading propaganda through sport, except at the very beginning of the occupation. On the other hand, the collaborationist authorities had no possibility of devoting much attention to reorganization of sport until the beginning of 1942. Meanwhile, the collaborationist press spread ideas on how Serbian sport was to be shaped. Totalitarian ideologues in sport such as Dušan Kasapinović favored etatization, militarization, utilitarization and eventually, fascization of sport on German model. In early 1942 under the guidance of educational minister Velibor Jonić more serious work in the field of reorganization of sport, above all legislative one, started. By founding the Department for Physical Education at the Ministry of Education and the State Sport Committee and by passing a decree on government control of sport, complete decision-making and acting power was laid in the hands of minister of education. Thus the clique around large sport clubs and associations was, de iure, disempowered. However, despite having had large competences and power, minister Jonić in fact did little. What could be called a success of the government sport policy was putting an end to anarchy in Belgrade football and the end of conflicts between clubs, organization of sub-league competitions, connecting sport associations with corporatist organizations such as the Serbian Union of Work or National Service for Renovation of Serbia, and probably most importantly, prevention of activities of anti-German elements (Communist, Chetnik) through clubs and propaganda of the regime’s political ideas.

Overview of the Case Studies

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Genocid u Srebrenici i njegova (zlo)upotreba u sportskom životu Bosne i Hercegovine i okruženja

Author(s): Alen Borić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The subject of this paper is the denial and glorification of genocide in Srebrenica on sports fields in Bosnia and Herzegovina and surrounding countries, following the behavior of members of the fan subculture. In this paper, we will present and analyze their views, which they send to the public through slogans, banners, songs designed just for the occasion. We also asked about the place and role of criminals on sports fields and what kind of popularity they enjoy among fans. How fans in Serbia see Ratko Mladic will be presented on the examples of two fan groups of the biggest Serbian clubs “Partizan” and “Red Star”. Graffiti is a frequent occurrence on the streets of our cities, and we will also look at the messages that decorate the walls and buildings in places with a majority Bosniak population. The characteristic of the sport is reflected in its massiveness. Sports actors are divided into two categories, observers and active participants. In the past decade, some athletes, those who should be an example of behavior in society, have “shaken” the public with their attitudes, and we will talk about them and the way the public and fans reacted to their statements about the Srebrenica genocide and glorification of war criminals.

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on sport, video game, and tourism industry. Sentiment analysis of press, internet articles, and Twitter data

Author(s): Łukasz Bryl,Justyna Majewska,Szymon Truskolaski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The chapter examines the extent and level of the pandemic impact on sport, video game, and tourism industry by analyzing the emotional narration of articles related to Covid-19 effects on these industries so as to assess and predict the situation of industries during the pandemic and in the following years, but also to explain sources of positive sentiment for a given industry. Design/methodology/approach: The study provides a sentiment analysis of the global disclosure of the Covid-19 pandemic in the press, online articles, and social media (Twitter) with the use of three independent R packages. The final sample consisted of 142 articles; the oldest was published on January 23, 2020, whereas the newest one on October 14, 2020. Findings: Sentiment analysis revealed that the emotional tinge of the articles is much more positive for video games and soccer than in the case of tourism. In the case of video games and soccer, positive emotions such as “trust” or “anticipation” prevailed over much more common emotions of “fear” and “sadness” used about tourism. The impact of the pandemic was similar for video games and soccer, which was a mixture of negative and positive events. Research limitations/implications: Further research should use other resources such as the mass media or other data sources in addition to social media information and include a long-term analysis divided into stages of the pandemic as reactions and moods have been changing over time. Moreover, the factors influencing the perception of situations in different sectors of the economy should be identified in future research. Practical implications: The use of sentiment analysis shows that such quantification may be performed for new social phenomena before any hard (e.g., financial) data are available. Social implications: An approximation was obtained for quantifying the societal “general feeling” with regards to specific sectors affected by the pandemic. Originality and value: The chapter compares the response to the pandemic crisis of different sectors that reveal the sentiment contributing to the growth or difficulties of a given industry. The use of sentiment analysis enabled us to assess and predict the situation of industries during the pandemic before the hard and comprehensive data will occur.

DIDACTIC METHODS USED IN SPORT FOR TRAINING CHILDREN AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Author(s): Alina Daniela MOANȚĂ,Valentin CARACAȘ,Sorin Mirel Ciolca,Doina Croitoru,Iulian Gabriel GHIȚESCU,Gheorghe Grigore,Cezar Hantău,Alin Săftel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the complex process of training children at risk of social exclusion, sports activities with content from sports games aim at specific motor objectives related to the acquisition, strengthening or improvement of the knowledge, abilities and motor skills specific to each sport, as well as social objectives mainly aimed to facilitate integration into small, medium and large social groups of children. The effectiveness of the training is determined by the system of methods and means used, their variety, so that the practice of sports games determines multiple acquisitions, from the point of view of student communication, by increasing the number of specific motor skills, determining the proper organization and direction of the activity, stimulating and maintaining students’ interest in the practice of sports games. The study aims to find the most useful methods and means of training children at risk of social exclusion by using a questionnaire survey. It was applied to teachers and specialist inspectors working with children included in the target group within the project “Sustainable social and educational integration through sports activities” - PNP001, which is in its first year of development. The information provided by the questionnaire survey and the conclusions of this study will lead to the optimisation of the methodology for intervention on the target group.

The Fight against Corruption in Sport: International and National Experience

Author(s): Vasile Triboi,Natalia Nastas / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Corruption is a particularly dangerous scourge, which encompasses the whole of society, all spheres of human activity, and by virtue of this, it also encompasses education, whether we want to recognize it or not.Corruption flourishes in times of great social unrest, in times of crisis that societies are going through, especially in the period of transition from a totalitarian regime to a democratic society.The factor generating corruption is the socio-economic crisis, having as causes: weakening of state authority, degradation of living standards, altered moral judgment, lack of effective control levers, diminished public confidence in institutions and social values, non-adaptation of legislation to economic and social conditions and so on Sport is one of the largest businesses in the world, being influenced and influencing in turn both financial and political interests. Every year, millions of dollars and Euros circulate in this area, most of the transactions and agreements taking place behind closed doors, in order to keep any possible advantage over the competition. This fierce competitiveness, together with the lack of transparency, makes the sports field extremely vulnerable to corruption acts.Summarizing the results of our study, we can conclude: the fight against corruption is an opportunity for beneficiary institutions, which can strengthen and improve their systems for preventing and combating corruption and money laundering and asset recovery, by reference to worldwide first-class practices and standards. Following intense consultations with all beneficiaries in the Republic of Moldova: Minister of Education, Culture and Research, National Olympic and Sports Committee, Paralympics’ Committee, Sports Federations and other structures in the country, in order to ensure effective support in the field of physical culture and sports. The direct relations with the interested actors contribute to the creation of a positive framework, which will favour the general success of the future activities that will take place in obtaining the expected results.

Consideraţii asupra locului Basarabiei în peisajul sportiv al României interbelice

Author(s): Bogdan Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Viaţa sportivă a Basarabiei interbelice surprinde relaţiile strânse dintre urbanizare şi industrializare, identitate şi exerciţiul fizic. De asemenea, absenţa (mai degrabă decât prezenţa) Basarabiei din cele mai importante evenimente sportive naţionale aduce în discuţie însuşi locul provinciei în peisajul interbelic a ceea ce ne place să o numim „România Mare”.

Fudbal i rat

Author(s): Lazar Aranitović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Učenici/e će u grupama napraviti prezentacije sa različitim isječcima iz štampe, informativnih portala i dijelova sa utakmica u kojima se dešavaju nasilne scene, uz komentarisanje i diskusiju o uzrocima istih. Nastavnik može podjeliti učenike/ce na četiri grupe na isti način kao što su bili podijeljeni tokom časa.

Cross-curricular integration of geography and physical education in the case of mountain-oriented education

Author(s): Tatjana Resnik Planinc / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Many years ago, Jacobs (1989) defined cross-curricular instruction as a conscious effort to apply knowledge, principles, and/or values to more than one academic discipline simultaneously. Today we know that when students see the connections between individual subject areas, the material becomes more relevant. There are many ways in which to integrate different subjects or content into a constructive holistic unit. The author presents an approach to mountain-oriented education that includes contributions from geography and physical education. Through the presentation of YOUrALPS (Educating Youth for the Alps: (re)connecting Youth and Mountain heritage for an inspiring future in the Alps) project results, the author discusses a cross-curricular approach in the school activities of both subjects when dealing with key issues viewed from different disciplinary perspectives. The author provides an educational vision through a proposal for effective teaching that aims to enable more successful learning and achievement by students. The proposal is based on cross-curricular investigations of the geography and physical education curricula (objectives, abilities, skills and competencies connected with the mountain-oriented topics of each discipline) and is enhanced with suggestions for integration either in indoor or outdoor activities. A survey of teachers who attended the Summer School on Mountain-Oriented Education (Slovenia, 2017) reveals that this type of integration requires – in addition to extensive planning and cooperation among teachers – a high degree of teacher commitment, which works well so long as there is high enthusiasm for the project.

След COVID-19: Промяна в дневния ред на творческата индустрия на медиите и финансова криза в спорта

Author(s): Desislava Frantsova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

COVID-19 impacted people, economic sectors and entire industries. The Media and Creative industry, which play an important role in the life of the society, also underwent changes. That is why I believe this topic is important and relevant and should be analyzed. In my research, I will emphasize on the sports media, where changes of the modus operandi and everyday work of journalists were observed. The financial crisis provoked from the coronavirus has affected athletes, clubs and the running of major championships. Moreover, it had a massive impact on the media as it changed radically the content of television programs.

Demokrat Parti Dönemi’nde Türkiye-Yugoslavya İlişkileri ve Yugoslavya’dan Gelen Göçmenler (1950-1960)

Author(s): Muhsin Ertürk Budak / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This study deals with the political, commercial, cultural and sportive relations between Turkey and Yugoslavia during the Democratic Party Period in the Republic of Turkey between the years 1950-1960 and the issue of migration. The Balkan lands, which have a special importance in the foreign policy understanding of the Democratic Party, which came to power in Turkey in 1950, have an important issue in terms of regional alliance. It is noteworthy that Yugoslavia, which has the largest piece of land in this region, is home to more than one nation. Turkey, on the other hand, developed its relations with Yugoslavia through the Balkan Pact and the Balkan Alliance and made mutual visits with state officials. As a result of the developing relations, although the two states were at different poles ideologically, relations in the political, commercial, cultural and sports fields continued increasingly. While Turkey and Yugoslavia were improving their relations, on the other hand, problems arose between the two states due to the issue of immigration. The assimilation policy implemented by Yugoslavia against the Turks living in the region and the situation of forcing them to migrate have caused immigrants to come to Turkey for years. Turkey, on the other hand, did not turn these immigrants back and systematically took them into their lands. After the immigrants were taken, they were settled at certain points and they were taken into business life.

Movement and Health in virtual topics of pedagogy practice of Physical Education students at FSpS MU

Author(s): Hana Válková,Marcela Janíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The starting point of the article is the question - how to address the pedagogic practices of university PE students at the time of pandemic measures, i.e., the closure of secondary schools and universities and the transition to alternative forms. Overview of standard teaching practices for TV on FSPS according to accreditation valid from academic year 2019/2020 is described as so as innovative inputs are described. Alternative performance in PP1, PP2 and PP3 practices, students pedagogy portfolio consisted of: compulsory activities - compulsory-optional activities – participation in “tripartite”. Tripartite is a specific form for on-line personal communication of all actors of pedagogic practice at a determined school: student – guiding schoolteacher – FSpS tutor. The basic method was the assessment of documents processed by 149 students, participating in alternative (virtual, on-line) format of pedagogical practice, i.e. analysis of their work (portfolio) and methodological sheets, pedagogical diaries and reports, schemes for teaching, video shots. Activities oriented on healthy lifestyle were formulated: theoretical topic, practical exercise focused on: a) fitness, b) relaxing. The analysed inputs were assessed by descriptive statistics. Results show that all 149 students included the healthy lifestyle activities in determined variants in their tasks. It can be deduced students are prepared for teaching this topic. From the other hand students expressed these outputs were the simplest to realize in alternative form. In conclusion students, guiding teachers and FSpS tutors expressed together: despite of the fact the virtual form cannot in any way replace direct pedagogic activity virtually conceived practices were not a waste of time. Outputs oriented on movement and health can also be part of the contents for the period of teaching PE in regular conditions. This idea is in line with WHO's objectives.

High School Students Interest Towards Sports Depending on Their SportingExperience

Author(s): Loris Benassi,Filip Sinković,Dario Novak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter, authored by Loris Benassi, Filip Sinković, and Dario Novak, investigates the interest of high school students towards sports based on their sporting experience. The study highlights the significant developmental changes during adolescence and the influence of social, technological, and educational factors on students' engagement in sports. The authors emphasize the positive effects of sports on health and socio-emotional development, while also addressing the high dropout rates from sports activities among high school students. The research aims to determine the differences in interest towards various sports based on students' previous sporting experience and provides insights into effective measures to promote sports participation among adolescents.

The Metabolism of Carbohydrates andTheir Nutritional Rolesin High-Performance Athletes

Author(s): Victor Manolachi,Veaceslav Manolachi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter by Victor Manolachi and Veaceslav Manolachi delves into the significance of carbohydrate metabolism for high-performance athletes. It examines how carbohydrate energy stores serve as crucial recovery factors after training and competitive efforts. The chapter discusses the bioenergetic processes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, highlighting the differences between anaerobic and aerobic efforts and their impact on physical performance. It also explores the mechanisms of energy substrate utilization, including glycogen and lipid reserves, and the physiological adaptations resulting from systematic training. The authors provide detailed insights into dietary strategies for optimizing carbohydrate intake, enhancing muscle glycogen stores, and improving overall athletic performance.