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Employing the appraisal theory and the system of transitivity, the study explores representations of nature and the human-nature relationship in ecotourism advertisements on the website Responsible Travel. It is revealed that a number of empowering discursive devices with regard to nature are employed in the data, including the allocation of the agentive role in constructive processes to inanimate natural elements, the adoption of the activation of tokens and the activation of experiences, and celebratory portrayals of nature as an aesthetically pleasing artwork and a spectacle of supernatural qualities. Yet, it is argued that the celebration and the empowerment of nature in the ecotourism advertisements tend to take place at the expense of the reproduction of the human-nature dichotomy, portraying nature as the Other.
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Objective: The objective of this paper is to show what importance teachers place on physical education in nature during physical education classes and how they solve their inclusion in tuition as part of the school curricula introduced in basic and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. Method: All data was obtained by survey-based investigation. The survey contained closed and scaled questions, as well as questions that respondents could supplement with their own responses. Results: Compared with winter ski courses, summer tourism courses and water tourism courses are held significantly less frequently at schools. An interesting finding is that these courses are more popular at secondary schools than they are at basic schools. We assume that this is largely for safety reasons, especially for water tourism courses. The results show that ski courses have found their place in virtually all school curricula and are implemented on a regular basis.
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Biking tourism is becoming the dominant tourist activity in the education of students to meet with teaching cycling courses primarily through cycling. Their implementation is still risky. In research we focused on the active component of the safety aspects of tourism and cycling. We used the method of observation, interview, and interview questionnaire. Our research involved three different groups of population. Results suggest teachers and students interested in learning not only in the cycling course. The most significant barrier form staffing levels and riding skills of students.
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The thesis “Tourism opportunities for wheelchair users in Beskydy Mountains” focuses on monitoring Beskydy mountains in terms of accessibility for the disabled tourist paths. The intention was to create a set of hiking trails passable for wheelchair users and provide this information through organizations KAZUIST s. r. o. to the general public especially wheelchair users. The result is a publication of the monitored routes to the Internet via the Web jedemetaky.cz.
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This article presents the Run Czech series of cross-country races as sports events that have the potential to contribute to economic development in the Czech Republic by increasing tourism. It presents the results of research conducted during the family run in association with the Olomouc Half Marathon in 2014. These results confirm, among others, the general view that sporting events brings benefits to the host destination by increasing the number of tourists, including not only international but also domestic participants and the people who accompany them.
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Airbnb, the most ubiquitous of the many online short-term rental platforms offering residential homes to tourists, has infiltrated local neighbourhoods and housing markets throughout the world. It has also divided policy-makers and communities over whether tourism in residential homes is a benign example of the so-called ‘sharing’ economy or a malignant practice which destroys neighbourhoods. These differing positions reflect alternative and changing notions of ‘home’ within wider processes of financialisation and platform capitalism. This paper examines these themes with reference to stakeholder statements solicited in response to government inquiries on how to regulate short-term rental housing in Australia.
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The increasing professionalisation of Airbnb-style short-term rentals has emerged within a grey space between residential housing and hotel accommodation. Subsequently, an array of contestations have arisen, due in no small part to the intangibility of online short-term rental platforms as well as the absence of clear regulation at the municipal level. In urban settings already confronted with housing issues such as supply shortages and reduced affordability, recent studies show how the proliferation of short-term rentals can amplify housing market pressure while feeding into the broader urban processes of gentrification, touristification, and displacement. Using Berlin, Germany, as a site of analysis, this paper explores the expansion of short-term rentals in relation to various policy interventions designed to regulate the conversion of residential housing into tourist accommodation.
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Airbnb has become a fixture in the development of global cities, especially influencing their residential characteristics. The company derives from the concept of the sharing economy, the essence of which is the exchange of services or goods between individuals that set the rules of operation without generating profits, but together generating more revenue. It insists that it does not represent direct competition to other urban accommodation services and that it merely seeks to expand the tourism market. Nonetheless, this article proceeds from the assumption that Airbnb is influencing and transforming the housing market of the cities it operates in. It focuses on Ljubljana, which until 2019 had a record number of international arrivals and overnight stays. The findings confirm that short-term Airbnb rentals affect the long-term rental market in Ljubljana. They also show that rentals through Airbnb involve an extremely high share of the grey economy.
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Most cities in major agglomerations in Europe started to address the rise of short-term accommodation rentals by introducing regulation designed to protect the local housing stock. The momentum behind the widespread introduction of such regulations can be attributed to qualitative and quantitative factors. This article examines selected fields related to short-term rentals in order to uncover the (structural) triggers or conditions that are necessary and sufficient for municipalities to initiate the regulation of their housing market. The study is based on the systematic examination of the effects of those triggers and their combinations using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). With this method, we explore the implementation or non-implementation of regulation on a sample of major German cities. The results suggest a universal set of conditions covering three central fields: housing market situation, accommodation market conditions and tourism accommodation demand.
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Holiday lets and holiday rentals have generated a major debate in recent years in Spain with regard to their regulation. Their impact, not only on tourism, but also on urban sustainability and local planning, have led to public intervention to control their expansion. This article analyses the origin of holiday lets, their problems, and how the public authorities have intervened in this regard, thus providing an overview of the impact of this type of accommodation in Spain.
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Tourist lines serviced by historic vehicles function in several cities. One of them is Wrocław (Poland) in which the current offer based on trams was extended with buses in 2021. In the article, an assessment of Wrocław Tourist Lines has been carried out regarding the tourist product and its development, while additionally determining its stage in the product life cycle. To this end, among other elements, data on the number of passengers and ticket sales have been used. After 13 years of existence, the offer has developed traits of a mature product, displaying fairly stable journey figures. However, it did not use the significant potential of the heritage public transport fleet in Wrocław to the full. That is why, in recent years, several changes have been introduced to the structure, marketing and pricing of the tourist product, which have improved journey frequencies and, even more importantly, increased the passenger rate per service. Therefore, it can be claimed that as a result of the actions undertaken, the product has entered a rejuvenation stage, but this process is still fairly unmarked. The main disadvantage of the product is its marketing and the way the offer is communicated to potential passengers.
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This article aims to develop products for community-based tourism in order to increase the value of those based on the authentic identity of the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market. The research results showed that, in 2004, there was the beginning of a fresh coconut juice ice cream business in the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market. At that time, stories and folktales related to the product were created which helped the local people promote it as a part of community-based tourism; this effort contributed to its fundamental economic development. After the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic had subsided, many tourists still came to buy a variety of ready-to-eat food and desserts. Food prices were negotiable and free trials were available. In other words, the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market was a “negotiable market”, where each local stall had its own designs and businesses run together peacefully. A community-based product could effectively add value to the Klong-Lad-Ma-Yom floating market in a sustainable manner.
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The aim of this article is to examine travel motivations for visiting urban destinations in the Republic of Serbia. Differences among the travel motives according to tourists’ demographic characteristics were also analyzed. The research was conducted from June 2018 to July 2019 on tourists who visited urban destinations in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš and Kragujevac). The analysis included 390 valid answers from respondents. The research results, which are presented in the article, have shown that tourists visit urban destinations in Serbia for business, education, family and sightseeing. The contribution of this study is reflected in the identification of key travel motives for visiting urban destinations in Serbia and this can help those preparing a tourist offer to adjust their services to the needs and requirements of such tourists.
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This work advances previous work on greening festival management by using the Sinulog festival as a case in point, as it has conditions resonating with most festivals in the Philippines and some other emerging economies. An analysis based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) was constructed based on an earlier work that provided some insights on assessing the green management initiatives of the festival organization. The weaknesses in the SWOT analysis are considered inputs to a root cause analysis to identify the fundamental green management issues. The two analyses suggest that the festival organization has a limited view of the green management agenda. Four elements are found crucial for greening the Sinulog festival: crafting an environmental policy; allocating financial and human resources for implementing greening initiatives; partnership agreements with local environmental institutions; and partnership agreements with sponsors who proactively support the environmental agenda. These insights may have value for other festivals in their greening agendas.
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The best travel and tourism policies and enabling conditions play a significant role in promoting tourism competitiveness. Africa’s weak global tourism competitive position emanates from its inability to develop appropriate tourism policies and its failure in providing enabling structures to support competitive tourism among others. The aim of this article is thus to investigate the best travel and tourism practices used by high-ranking African countries (Egypt and Mauritius) in the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index (TTCI) to suggest suitable travel and tourism policies and create enabling conditions to promote tourism elsewhere in Africa. The study analyses secondary data about the best practices applied to prioritise the tourism sector, international openness, price competitiveness and environmental sustainability. It is established that the two selected countries utilise strategies such as the establishment of promotion bodies, diversify their markets, search for investment, pursue the expansion of air transport, practice international openness through embassies and bilateral agreements, and develop and enforce environmental laws. The study identified that collaborative efforts between all tourism stakeholders were an essential component in establishing a healthy tourism industry. This article contributes towards the body of knowledge by highlighting how African countries can model tourism policies and supportive structures to enhance their competitiveness.
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The relationship between push and pull factors with the intention to revisit a destination has often been investigated in the context of general tourism. Not much is known on the factors influencing MICE destination revisit intentions, despite the numerous socioeconomic benefits that many countries have received from the MICE tourism business. This article attempts to fill the gap of knowledge by critically reviewing the literature using the integrative review approach. By reviewing, critiquing and synthesizing major literature on the issue, two push factors i.e. networking and educational opportunities and four pull factors i.e. destination image, travel costs, attraction and accessibility are established as influencing revisit intentions to MICE destination. Then a theoretical model of relationship between those factors and MICE destination revisit intentions is proposed.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the perspectives of students studying tourism in higher education in Ankara on distance education during the Covid-19. In accordance with this purpose a four-part questionnaire was applied to 383 students studying tourism at the associate, undergraduate and graduate levels in Ankara. According to the results of the research, although the students have some positive thoughts about distance education, they want to follow the lessons face to face by coming to school. They think that distance education has drawbacks such as staying away from the social environment, encountering technical problems, and making it difficult for them to communicate with the instructor. In the study, it was also concluded that the technology, system and applications sub-dimension used in evaluating tourism students' perspectives on distance education differs according to the variables of age, program type and institution type. However, it was found that the self-efficacy sub-dimension differed according to all variables. It has been determined that the sub-dimension of perspective towards distance tourism education differs according to the type of program, age and gender variables. t-test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the analysis.
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Employee competencies are considered to be the most important factor, which determines competitiveness among job seekers and an essential capital in most sectors of the economy. Today, due to the changing conditions in the labor market, the once acquired knowledge and abilities no longer meet the changed requirements, it is becoming important to develop generic and subject specific competencies. The article analyzes the generic and subject specific competencies of future specialists in the Lithuanian tourism sector, which are needed in the labor market of Lithuania from the point of view of employers. Therefore, using a semi-structured in-depth interview, a pilot professional activity field research was carried out in December 2020 – February 2021 in the economically strongest Lithuanian cities. The results of the research showed that due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic case, which is resonant and indefinite, the tourism market will never be the same again. It is observed that a person with a broader qualification (i.e. more competencies) easier integrates into the labour market. In this context, priority should be given to the ability of future specialists to be proactive and flexible, entrepreneurial and creative (to understand the specificities, future directions and trends of tourism and recreation services), to use information, smart and other technologies effectively. The specialist will not fear the competition of a professional who already has work experience in tourism sector.
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Motivation: Information and knowledge are economic goods that sustain economic development, including the tourism industry, today. In the past, the tourism sector was affected by various crises, but none of them was as extensive and impacted tourism on a global scale as it has happened now — during the Covid-19 pandemic. Generation Z, which is a cohort of extremely active travelers, mostly rely on digitally-delivered information. New media like the Internet, including social media, enable tourism entities to reach not only local, but also global markets. However, in the studies published so far, social media and the Internet have usually been analyzed as one category, which in the era of changing technologies and the new emerging behaviors of young tourists seems insufficient. Therefore, there is a need to verify the current state of research and determine the new media utility on the tourism market. Aim: The study aims to investigate the capability of new media to meet the information needs of potential Gen Z tourists during the pandemic and to identify the characteristics of useful media information Results: The study involved a desk research and a diagnostic survey method, including the online survey technique. The collected material was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 374 responses were received to the questionnaire. The study was conducted in October 2020. Additionally, an observation, carried out in thematic groups in social media, was used as a complementary technique. The conducted research made it possible to verify the utility of online sources of information used by Gen Z respondents during the pandemic. The study determined the relationships between Gen Z travel frequency, average daily time spent in front of the computer, the amount of tourism expenditure and the utility of new media. The main contribution of this study is the identification of the features of useful media-delivered information about tourism products and services as perceived by Gen Z representatives, which contributes to filling the existing research gap
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