СИНТЕЗ ИСКУССТВ В РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ 1990-х —2010-х гг.

Author(s): Irina Mineralova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The phenomenon of “Synthesis of arts” being productive in Europe during the Romantic period bore completely unexpected fruit at the turn of XXth century. As a rule of thumb, periods of crisis and changes are destructive on different levels and “crave” (Vyach. Ivanov) for synthesis. The turn of XXIth age is not an exception. This article defines specific causes and conditions for calling synthesis into life (fictional, interliterary, particularly synthesis of genres, and, furthermore, convergence of journalism, philosophy, sociology and philology). In this sense the synthesis of music and fictional literature is extremely graphic, it can be seen in works of old masters of prose and popular poets who represents “author’s song” (Russian contemporary folk music) or rockmusicians and rock-poets. Also of a great importance are the new flash fiction and poetry of modern age answering on the questions of today. The synthesis of philosophy, sociology, journalism and pictorial art is the most graphic in artistic heritage of Alexander Zinoviev, who has no match in today’s generation. The study of “synthesis of arts” phenomenon and its use in individual style of contemporary authors is not only interesting, but also fresh and meaningful. This will be shown in the analysis of particular literary works of contemporary authors. The synthesis in contemporary Russian culture differs from what it was in the first third of XXth century. The change of “exchanging” and “storing” information format leads to the fictional product that often comes out to be a surrogate pleasing the lowest tastes, without any aesthetic value. The question of value is often about creating “reputation” determining commercial worth of the product and not about artistic evaluation.

ПОЭМА А. БЛОКА «ДВЕНАДЦАТЬ» В КОНТЕКСТЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННО-ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИСКАНИЙ РУССКОГО КИНОАВАНГАРДА

Author(s): Nina Osipova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Russian symbolists ignored and rejected early Russian film experience. Nevertheless, it is the symbolism that formed semiotic codes defining further artistic and aesthetic development of Russian film avant-guard in 1920s. The article is devoted to the film poetics of «The Twelve» which was later followed by Vertov’s experiments in documentary films («A Man with a Camera», «The Donbass Symphony»). Block’s levels of artistic world perception influenced the poetics of «The Twelve» as a system of iconic and iconographic film codes: the synthesis of corporality and convention, the principles of film montage poetics, change of planes and perspective, simultaneous space, colour, light and sound codes, and the synthesis of «film-eye» and «radio-eye».

Tożsamość zbiorowa jako zjawisko komunikacyjnojęzykowe

Author(s): Marta Wójcicka,Waldemar Czachur / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this work is to establish what collective identity is from a linguistic perspective. We assume that identity is an important research object if seen as a kind of a specific type of language communication and shared knowledge. Thanks to this knowledge an individual becomes aware of their own distinctiveness and belonging to community. The findings are of theoretical, ordering and designing character. We base our reflections on ethnolinguistics, cultural linguistics, text and discourse linguistics. In the first part of the article we present the arguments for the communicative-linguistic character of collective identity, looking at it from the perspective of sign and code. In the second part, we refer to the rich experience of linguists and present various research methods applied in identity research from the perspective of sign and code.

Sąsiedzi, którzy zniknęli

Author(s): Andreas F. Kelletat / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this memory sketch the author presents his experiences connected with reading Johannes Bobrowski’s books, shows his own attitude to important events of the second half of the 20th century and indicates how he was influenced by Bobrowski’s works. He recalls seminars held for foreign students in Germany and abroad, indicating how different and depending on political and social circumstances the reception of the works by the "Levin’s Mill’s" author was. In the last part of the essay, the author refers to the book "„Dies Kind soll leben“ Die Aufzeichnungen der Helene Holzman 1941-1944" by Margarete Holzman and Reinhardt Kaiser on the holocaust of the Jews from Kaunas. Kaunas was an important town for Bobrowski, it was present in several of his poems, and the poet himself reminds the author of the sketch a young soldier from Holzman and Kaiser’s book.

W drodze do Sarmacji

Author(s): Leszek Szaruga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article reconstructs selected aspects of the Sarmathian myth in the works of Johannes Bobrowski. The author of the Sarmatische Zeit, referring to the works of Ptolemy and Herodotus, presents his own experiences connected with the books on the Romantic myth of the North and creates a literary project of a community, whose part is also the area known as East Prussia. The traces of this project – motifs in Bobrowski’s poems and prose – are the object of interpretation in this sketch. They also point to a certain literary affinity between the German writer and Adam Mickiewicz.

Nowoczesny projekt tożsamościowy w "Młynie Lewina" Johannesa Bobrowskiego

Author(s): Anna Matysiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to prove the thesis that Johannes Bobrowski’s "Levins Mühle" is part of modern identity project undertaken by the German writer. The author of the article analyses the style, syntax and structure of the narrator, which are used to undermine the formation of the cool and stable picture of the world. These issues are addressed in relation to the circumstances which shaped Bobrowski’s stance: his coming of age on the border of nations and cultures, as well as the context of emerging and formed nationalism and the World War II. The author uses such interpretative tools as anthropological theory of initiation and trickster and those applied in psychology of identity.

Polsko-żydowska partyzantka Bajla Gelblung i wiersz Johannesa Bobrowskiego "Raport"

Author(s): Eduard R. Müller / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses The Report, a poem by Johannes Bobrowski, which is a poetic commentary on the photograph of Jewish guerrilla forces, taken after their escape from the transport to the Bajli Gelblung camp and during the interrogation by German officers. Detailed studies of different versions of the photograph, functioning in German, Swiss and French wartime newspapers, along with the signatures and the reprinting in the book edited by Gerhard Schoenberner in 1960, allow to uncover new circumstances of the woman’s arrest and look closely at the specifity of the poem by Bobrowski, which stands out against his other lyric poems.

Nacjonalizm i romantyzm w literaturze wschodniopruskiej

Author(s): Martin Maurach / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to isolate several trends in the development of nationalistic attitudes in East Prussian German literature on selected examples. It analyses such works as: "The Artus Court" (Dwór Artusa) by E.T.A. Hoffmann, "Die Wiederherstellung des Schlosses der deutschen Ordensritter zu Marienburg" by Joseph Eichendorff, as well as the historizing works of Ernst Wicher ("Heinrich von Plauen") and Felix Dahn ("Kampf um Rom"), which glorified German past in the name of the idea of the nation.

Walka o duszę Prus – od Krzyżaków do plebiscytu

Author(s): Anna Damięcka-Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text analyses the archive script of a German propaganda film against the Polonization of East Prussia. The film from the 1920s documents two existing historical narratives: Polish and German. Although in some places they are contradictory, they form a complementary picture of the Polish-German relations as a whole. Both in Polish and German historiography the interpretation of historical facts was subordinated to historical policy. The text analyses German and Slavonic founding myths of Prussia, the white and black legend of the Teutonic Knights and its revival in the 20th century, the examples of historical heroizaition, the omission of indigenous population in the historiography of both countries and Europe in the 1920s propaganda.

Warmia i Mazury czy jednak Prusy Wschodnie

Author(s): Anna Górajek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concentrates on the identity function of the Masurian landscape. It analyses its idealisation in German literature of the interwar period and its nostalgic character in the memoirs from sentimental journeys. For the visitors the landscape is a link between historical East Prussia and the modern region of Warmia and Masuria. As a recognizable distinguishing feature of the region, its landscape is one of the most beautiful in Europe, comparable to those of Provence and Tuscany. The text also describes the changes in the landscape resulting from the migrations after World War II, the economic policy of the Polish People's Republic and the development of tourism in the 21st century, which led and lead to the irreversible devastation of the landscape.

Język a tożsamość w biografiach językowych na Mazurach

Author(s): Anna Jorroch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article shows the identity problem of native, bilingual inhabitants of Masuria in relation to the languages they use. It is based on language biographies reconstructed using the interviews recorded during the field research as part of the international research project LangGener. The aim of the research financed by NCN and DFG was to capture differencesin the occurrence of mutual influences within bilingual morphology and syntax in the speech of representatives of two different generations of bilingual persons with regard to socio-linguistic conditions. The article presents original utterances in German and Polish, which show the interlocutors’ experiences connected with language policy on the territory incorporated into Poland after 1945.

Tożsamość okiem filologa

Author(s): Katarzyna Sobolewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the occurrences and contexts of the pronouns "nasz" and "naski" in the statements of the autochthons from the Warmia and Masuria region. It treats them as linguistic signs of a sense of belonging to a community. It identifies and describes various aspects of this belonging: the relationship with the land and nature, the past, the language, the religion and the system of values shaped by it, the state and its institutions, as well as the dispersed community of the Masurians and Warmians after World War II.

„Duchowa współsukcesja”?

Author(s): Rafał Żytyniec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text discusses the myth of the “Regained Lands” in the Polish People's Republic and contemporary Poland, as well as the historical policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was shaped by the Federation of Expellees and subsequent German governments since 1949 until today. In the first part of the text the author describes the genesis, development and revision of the founding myth of the Polish People's Republic in historical context. He recalls the "Message of the Polish Bishops to their German Brothers in Christ" of 1965, Jan Józef Lipski’s thought referring to the critical tradition of Polish patriotism, formulated in 1981 in the essay Two Homelands, Two Patriotisms” and the idea of open regionalism and the Atlantis of the North developed by Olsztyn intellectuals centered around the Cultural Community “Borussia”. The second part of the text analyses historical policy and German memory culture in relation to the 1951 Card of the German Expellees, eastern policy of Willy Brand in the 1970s and the institutionalization of the memory of expulsions through the establishment of the Berlin Documentation Centre in 2021 and controversies surrounding it. The text is a preface to the interview conducted with Karolina Kuszyk, the author of the book "Poniemieckie" in 2021 during the conference “Identity as a Process”.

Poniemieckie imaginarium

Author(s): Rafał Żytyniec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

JANEK – WIDMOWY ŁĄCZNIK

Author(s): Antoni Zając / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on Janek, the character in Leo Lipski’s novel "Niespokojni". The researchers have so far devoted little space to description of homoerotic motifs in his works, even though they return with a certain regularity. The thread of Emil and Janek’s close relationship in "Niespokojni" should be considered crucial in this context, therefore the author interprets this thread broadly in the first part of his article. The author uses the methodology of men’s studies and queer studies, pointing to the tension between homotextuality as the poetics of unspoken desire and experienced, emancipatory homosexual identity, which is present in the first chapters of the novel. In the second part of the article the context is biographical: the character of Janek is modelled on Lipski’s close friend, the pianist Jakub Weissman, but the name also suggests the links with another writer’s friend, Jan Holcman. Janek is a character crucial for the structure and significance of "Niespokojni".

"NIESPOKOJNI" – UTAJONA GROZA

Author(s): Andrzej Zieniewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In Leo Lipski’s "Niespokojni" we can find scenes surprisingly similar to the motifs present in his later short story "Dzień i noc", written in a labour camp. The text did not exist when Lipski finished "Niespokojni" and was to be written a few years later. The article asks how prefigurations, ”ghosts” of the motifs from the later text could be found in the earlier novel and how they introduce the atmosphere of latent dread to the reality of the late 1930s shown in "Niespokojni".

PISANIE: PERYFERIA ŻYCIA

Author(s): Paweł Paszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article attempts to look at Lipski’s works from the perspective of scattered and abandoned works, versions and projects for some larger works, unfinished drafts, notes and memos, which were left by Lipski like a quaint archive of peripheral texts. The works called by Lipski himself “egotics” constitute its important part. A micrological reading of one of them, titled "Inny skrawek nocy", shows the most significant semantic elements of the text, pointing to their continuation and realization in Lipski’s works.

SPOTKANIE

Author(s): Hanna Gosk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Using Lipski’s novel "Piotruś", the author analyses narratives introduced to Lipski’s prose as a story within a story, like substories heard by the narrator-hero or like his own memories, recurring in his mind or told to the others. She argues that the substories stem from the meeting of the past with the present of the after-war world, which has lost its old framework, but has not established the new one. Substories – thanks to their fragmentary, digressive, open character – make the form of the whole work broader, corresponding to the images of the world without a model description. They show the narrator-hero suspended between the traumatic past and unwanted, devoid of future prospects, present. The “past presence” (a term by Reinhart Koselleck) is of special importance in those narratives.

„PAN MA WYGLĄDAĆ NIEAPETYCZNIE”

Author(s): Aleksandra Naróg / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the experience of disgustingness in Leo Lipski’s "Piotruś". This micronovel is interpreted as a multi-level narrative about repulsion, constitutive of perceiving the world and the importance of physicality, sexuality and identity. "Piotruś" records the functioning of affection: the representations of tastes, smells or physiological functions are simultaneously marked by repulsion and fascination. Using the images of excretion, bodily secretions or vomiting, Lipski attempts to describe the crisis and trauma of subjectivity. The affection becomes a way to describe and feel not explicitly expressed phantasms. Repulsion is also present in Lipski’s descriptions of Jewish rituals and customs. The main hero in Piotruś is “neither subject nor object”, and contact with him makes other characters – and the readers - review their previous beliefs about various aspects of human life. The theoretical context for the proposed analysis is provided by the works of Julia Kristeva, Mary Douglas and Sara Ahmed.

BACHMANN – LIPSKI – OPEL

Author(s): Piotr Sadzik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents a number of findings concerning Leo Lipski’s biography, based on unexplored archival materials. The author indicates German as a native language of the writer, looking at the textual functionalities of the problem and reconstructing Lipski’s relationships with the German cultural circle and arguing that the person who directly contributed to the German translation of "Piotruś" was Adolf Opel. It was Opel who made his partner, Ingeborg Bachmann, interested in Lipski’s writing. Citing the latest archival discoveries, the author briefly discusses the surviving collection of Lipski’s letters to the Austrian writer.