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Prekursorzy performatywności. Język jako działanie u Étienne’a Bonnot de Condillaca i Jeana-Jacques’a Rousseau

Author(s): Michał Gniadek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present paper analyses the concept of the performativity of human language in the philosophical writings by Étienne Bonnot de Condillac and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The first part of the text is devoted to the idea of langage d’action and its significance for Condillac‘s epistemology and theory of language; whereas the social and political functions of human speech, presented in the works of Jean Jacques Rousseau, are interpreted in the second part of the paper. Ultimately, it seems that for both Condillac and Rousseau human language is not just a mere thinking tool, but also a way of changing and improving our reality.

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Anthroponymie chez Mohamed Nedali : du contact des langues aux contrastes sociaux

Author(s): Oussama Amrani / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Mohamed Nedali is a contemporary Moroccan writer of French expression born in 1962 in Tahannaout, about thirty kilometers from Marrakech where he still lives. Having written eight novels with a realist vocation, he makes his region his favorite place and fiction because, as he says in an interview, “in literature one only speaks very well of a place one knows so well”. However, this attachment to space, or at least this rootedness in identity that demonstrate the territorial anchoring of the author, seems insufficient to serve his realistic vision. It is nevertheless true that the intrusion of vernacular languages in a text written in a foreign language is not without importance because it constitutes a significant element in a realistic fresco. Indeed, the text of Nedali is strewn with Moroccan expressions. This intrusion is not gratuitous and illustrates the role that the contact of languages can have in a fictional narrative. Moreover, the choice of anthroponyms in Nedali’s fiction is not arbitrary, as it is thoughtful and serves the author’s vision. Being a writer of soil and a good connoisseur of the Moroccan society, the author uses it to create a fresco whose contrasts illustrate his bias and his refusal of social evils.

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Świat polski i świat niemiecki w powieści Mariana Turwida Dwie strony drogi oraz wybranych dziełach Gerarda Górnickiego

Author(s): Sebastian Tauer / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article shows the contrasts that can be noticed when analyzing the novel Dwie strony drogi by Marian Turwid. The author focuses on the contrasts both inside and outside the work. Differences in the presentation of the Polish and German world by Turwid are discussed, how they change during the novel’s action, and the differences that occur in such representations between Turwid’s work and other works in which the creation is shown. The place of this novel in a landscape of the communist period, stating that it is an extraordinary work in terms of the ideological message, which is to show Polish-German relations as a coexistence.

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Relacja miłości/nienawiści do Florencji w Domu bezimiennych i Berretti Erasmus Giovanniego Agnoloniego

Author(s): Karolina Kopańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article the author examines the heroes’ relations with the city – Florence in Giovanni Agnoloni’s novels: La casa degli anonimi and Berretti Erasmus. Emanuela and Aurelio’s destinies (Casa degli anonimi) cross in a surreal night pursuit along Florence streets. They had long thought of escaping the city inhabited by hostile Florentines. Giovanni (Berretti Erasmus), a law student from the 2000s participates in an Erasmus project in England. During that experience, he understands that his destiny will be linked to elsewhere. He will undertake numerous journeys for study or work reasons in the United Kingdom, Holland, Lithuania, Ireland, and Poland. The cyclical returns to the beloved-hated Florence will be a source of oxygen and suffering for him. In the first part, the author of the article presents the issues related to the city’s periphery. In the second part, she describes the nature of the Florentines. In the third part, she focuses on the process leading to the decision to leave the city and she describes the moment of the turning point.

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„Zbyt długo, w dwu kolorach”. O dychotomii w poezji Jacka Bierezina, [w:] Kontrasty w humanistyce: literatura, język, kultura

Author(s): Oskar Czapiewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article focuses on the interpretation of the work of Polish contemporary poet Jacek Bierezin (1947-1993), one of the main representatives of the New Wave (Nowa Fala) formation. The author points out the dichotomous poetics present in Jacek Bierezin’s poems using biographical motifs and emphasizing the influence of the author’s biography on his work. As literature on the subject the author uses the collection Linia życia (1999) published after Jacek Bierezin’s death as well as the volume Obudź mnie ze sobą! (2000), also published posthumously. Using the works of other researchers, the author constructs conclusions on the bordering features of Jacek Bierezin’s poetic works.

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Kontrastowe ujęcie krytyki nowoczesności w późnych opowiadaniach Davida Herberta Lawrence’a

Author(s): Magdalena Wylężek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The point of departure for the following article is the belief that Lawrence’s primitivism ( J. Kessler) is an important attempt to reply to the modernist crisis. In his late short stories terms such as spirituality, religion or ritual are playing a vital role in his reflection on modern society. To display his criticism Lawrence highlights the contrast between bourgeois class and free-thinking individuals. Terminology for this consideration is derivative from Mircea Eliade’s book The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. It is a basic to present Lawrence’s protagonists view on understanding time, space and significance of a ritual.

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Tradition et modernité chez Neil Gaiman : le cas de American Gods et Good Omens

Author(s): David Taquet / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Structuring the stories of Neil Gaiman’s American Gods (2001) and Good Omens (1990), which he wrote in collaboration with Terry Pratchett, the contrasts between tradition and modernity are declared on several levels: the relationship between deities and technological advances, the preservation of traditional values in the idyllic small-town setting, as well as Neil Gaiman’s willingness to modernize the original works to fit current societal values. These apparent contrasts sometimes find a peaceful resolution, offering readers a welcome synthesis that encourages acceptance of modernity despite the sacrifices that must be made.

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Myszy przeciw łasicom, ludziom i żabom. O funkcji kontrastu w przedstawieniu przeciwników i kreowaniu akcji w Batrachomyomachii

Author(s): Jakub Zbądzki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The work aims to present how the author of Batrachomyomachia used the contrast to illustrate the differences between the sides of the battle in the poem (while also reaching for other creatures), which lead directly to the war. It was noticed that the contrast between them served as a casus belli: the differences under-pin prejudices, and they determine the recognition of the accident as a deliberate attack on mice. There were also showed sources of humour based on contrasts: inter-texts parodying the Greek epics or myths, and the construction of the catalogue of enemies, in which frogs take over the negative traits of usual mice foes.

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Obraz postaci historycznych w trylogii rewolucyjnej Teodora Jeske-Choińskiego (na przykładzie Camille’a Desmoulinsa, Georgesa Dantona i Maximiliena Robespierre’a)

Author(s): Małgorzata Sojak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the revolutionary trilogy, Jeske-Choiński uses historical figures to present the cruelties of the events of the end of the 18th century. For this reason, the fictional characters become a background for the actions of historical heroes, whose pro-files, in turn, are presented by the author by means of suggesting their moral evaluation. Although it seems coherent – the characters are just as cruel as the world they live in – it makes the reader feel uneasy about the contrast between the historical facts and the characters in the novel. In this work, the representations of historical figures created by Jeske-Choiński will be compared with their real counterparts, described by historians.

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Les contrastes dans le Mirouer des femmes vertueuses

Author(s): Paulina Materka / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our article is focused on the contrasts in the Mirouer des femmes vertueuses, an anonymous collection of two stories: one about Joan of Arc and the other about Griselidis. We compare opposing aspects of these characters. Firstly, we counterpose the discursive character of the heroines, where one is real and the other is fictional. Then we study different qualities, the two models of femininity and finally the behaviour of the character in question in the face of events.

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Les contrastes dans le roman populaire à l’exemple des Trois mousquetaires et du Comte de Monte-Cristo d’Alexandre Dumas

Author(s): Weronika Lesiak / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to take a closer look at the nature of popular fiction and its inherent usage of contrasting elements. We would like to examine two Alexander Dumas’ novels, The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte-Cristo in order to try to explain the aforementioned tendency as well as give examples illustrating it. In the first part of the text, we concentrate on premises of the genre in general. Having established those principles, we go on to analyse The Three Musketeers in the context of its contrasting features. We can divide this novel into three basic sets of oppositions: that between the cardinal and the queen, that between titular characters, accompanied by d’Artagnan, and finally that between main female characters, Constance and Milady. After the analysis of the first of the novels, we then proceed to study The Count of Monte-Cristo. We draw attention to its most distinctive contrasts which include, amongst others, the opposition between the protagonist’s two incarnations: Edmond Dantès and the count of Monte-Cristo. All in all, both novels rep-resent well the tendency to use contrasts as a means of characterization. The popular fiction’ structure which presupposes that the good must be victorious and the bad punished fits well with the utilisation of oppositions.

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La multiplicité des contrastes dans la nouvelle « La Parure » de Guy de Maupassant

Author(s): Emilia Antkiewicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article is based on the notion of contrast and its role in creating a detailed and nuanced narration with psychologically complex heroes. Contrasts in question include those between poverty and richness, dreams and reality and being and pretending to be. The reflexion is enriched with a theatrical twist by questions concerning the role (or even hypothetical presence) of hybris in the process of creating an intricate composition and the possibility of a tragedy-like reading and interpretation of the short story.

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La symbolique des femmes aquatiques dans la poésie française 1890-1899 : pureté vs volupté

Author(s): Eliza Sasin / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Water with its entire seascape, which includes both flora and fauna as well as figures from the mythological world, is one of the main elements of the poetic imagination that forms in the Symbolism. By analysing poems written in the years 1890-99 in the light of the thought of philosophers and mythocritics like Bachelard or Pierrot, we can notice a strong relationship between aquatic symbols and female characters. Focusing on mermaids, nymphs and Aphrodite, we can see that the poetic impressions are created on the basis of a contrast between purity and voluptuousness, which result from the features of the water, the archetypal features of the characters and attributes which are assigned to them during the poetic creation, and that their combination allowed the authors to develop poetic images nuanced and aestheticized relative to the original stories.

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« Dans l'amitié du seuil » (Char)

Author(s): Christine DUPOUY / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Abstract: The notion of “threshold” was theorized by Genette in 1987, and refers to what is commonly called “paratext” - that is, everything that surrounds the text as such, including the publishing presentation, the name of the author. When dealing with Char, we shall look at the many dedications, epigraphs, forewords and back covers which clearly appear in his books thanks to the use of italics and which typify his writing. One point, essential to Char, was apparently not studied by Genette: the latter obviously underlines the function of presentation of what we call foreword, short of a better definition, and which Char would rather name “argumentations” or ? (bandeau). Yet, according to us, these singular texts, in relation with what follows, also have a value of their own: they are poems in the full sense of the term. Such is the aspect which we wish to study in this paper, thereby restauring the full status of text to what has been called, a bit disparagingly, paratext.

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« Devenir lierre » : le « Poème du mur » d'Antoine Emaz (En deçà, 1990)

Author(s): Laure SAUVAGE / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article discusses the metaliterary nature of Antoine Emaz's "Poème du mur", which raises several questions of poetics. The refusal of immobilization creates an ambivalent confrontation with the wall. Poetic language then proposes different ways of creating thresholds. We first tackle the question of the lyrical outburst, a thwarted, derisory, but persistent impetus. We then study the conflict between the closure of speech and its opening, its dispersal. The mineral nature of the wall contaminates the language and tends to freeze it, but this process is partially countered. At the broader level of Emaz's work, the "Poème du mur" initiates a poetics as much as it reflects (on) it.

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Les portes de la Terre du Milieu : La notion du seuil dans l'univers de Tolkien

Author(s): Mounir Hammouda,Fatma Zohra GHANEM / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The door evokes the idea of closure and blocking, opening and passage, crossing the threshold. In Tolkien’s writing, it forms a textual element which seems to be part only of the scenery but which is in reality what allows the hero to enter “a fundamental space” and to accomplish his mission. Therefore, this present work questions the symbolism and the role of the door in two major works of Tolkien's universe, namely The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. What does a door symbolize and how can it influence the one who passes through it? What role does it play in the story? Is it an adjuvant or does it oppose the hero's plan? So many questions can be asked about this form of threshold, which is very present in these two novels, because their stories begin and end with the crossing of a door, and to answer to these questions, we will adopt a demarche based on a triad of approaches, namely the symbolic, the mythocritical, and the actancial.

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ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ГНЕВ» В РУССКОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Irina V. VOTYAKOVA / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The word-formation field is a structured system of the categorical derivational values that reflect cognitive characteristics of the concept. Two microfields are distinguished in the structure of the wordformation field of the emotional concept ‘anger’ [gnev]. They are an ‘Action’ microfield and an ‘Attribute’ one. This is due to the significance of its cognitive characteristics associated with expression of its movement as well as its nature. Other microfields, which are typical for the structure of the word-formative field of this emotional concept, have not received proper derivational development. In general, we can observe a significant reduction in its derivatives. In our opinion, this is due, on the one hand, to the universalization tendency and to some simplification in perception of the emotional state which comes down to a semantic triad: ‘to experience an emotion or a state’ – ‘to bring someone to the given emotion or state’- ‘to get oneself into the given emotion or state’. In modern Russian the most common derivatives have a more generalized meaning by co-opting the semantics of the obsolete derivatives. On the other hand, the decrease in the number of the words used in speech can be ascribed to the development of a complex interaction with synonyms that are members of other families of words.

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ЖЕНСКИЕ ОБРАЗЫ В ПРОЗЕ В.Ф. ОДОЕВСКОГО И СИМВОЛИСТОВ: К ВОПРОСУ О ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТИ

Author(s): Galina Zavgorodnyaya,Alexey M. Zavgorodnii / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper is aimed at revealing stylistic continuity between romanticism and symbolism in Russian literature by doing a case study. The works of a prominent representative of Russian romanticism, theorist and innovator V.F. Odoevsky as well as the prose of symbolist writers serve as material for analysis. Images of women and the specificity of their depiction by the above mentioned authors are selected as a research object. The research has shown that although the symbolists did not proclaim V.F. Odoevsky their literary precursor and his name did not emerge in symbolist manifestos and theoretical works (as in case of F. Tyutchev and A. Fet), it is from his conceptually thematic and stylistic trials that one can draw “straight lines” to symbolist experiments clearly illustrating the continuity between two literary directions and confirming the important role of V.F. Odoevsky in the Russian literary process. The analysis of some prose works by V.F. Odoevsky allowed to reveal, for instance, the following recurrent (with some variations) female types: woman possessing arcane knowledge or/and magic powers; woman having dual nature – human and mystical; woman from the picture coming alive. The noted images, depicted highly originally, demonstrate, however, the indubitable influence of Hermeticism (including alchemical symbolism), Schelling’s philosophy and the work of German romanticists. The resemblance between female images in the prose of V.F. Odoevsky and the most frequently encountered ones in the symbolism becomes apparent when making a comparative analysis. It is revealing that semantic accumulations of the images at the beginning of the XX century are carried out in general in line with the directions traced by romanticists and, in the first place, by V.F. Odoevsky – an appeal to mythology, Hermeticism, theosophy in a broad sense; an aspiration to embody artistically the idea of synthesis of arts, religion and philosophy.

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«ЕСЛИ НЕ БУДЕТЕ КАК ДЕТИ…»: НРАВСТВЕННЫЙ ОБРАЗЕЦ ЖИЗНИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ТВОРЧЕСКОМ СОЗНАНИИ РУССКИХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ

Author(s): Nina Alekseevna Dvoryashina / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Judgment and treatment by the Russian writers of an evangelical order of Christ are presented in the article: "… if don't address and you won't be as children, you won't enter the Kingdom of Heaven". Many people reflected over a question: what does it mean "to be as children". Their private answers noted a way of comprehension of the general truth the Russian national consciousness. In N. Fedorov's works being a child – the following to the blameless nature of the child conducting to family relations of all people. In V. Zenkovsky's understanding childishness – the embodiment of the original spiritual life keeping communications with the Father Nebesny. L. Tolstoy saw in an evangelical appeal refusal of any violence, innocence the evil, ability to forgiveness and life at God's will. For F. Dostoyevsky childishness – the measure of moral solvency of the person, that saving beginning which grants him a possibility of redemption promotes his spiritual regeneration. In F. Sologub's creativity childishness in a man is the embodiment of innocence, joyful and fresh acceptance of the world, spiritual dominant, which defines all his subsequent course of life. The loss of these properties of soul inevitably conducts to an evil celebration. Z. Gippius perceived this property of the personality as sincere mobility as existence in her of "the sacred law" – conscience. S. Durylin appreciated at "great eternally children's beginning" show of Divine light with its inviolable purity, truthfulness, joy. Judgments of the Russian word artists confirm unconditional recognition of childishness as a moral sample for organization by the person of the life as criterion for evaluation of her spiritual solvency.

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ЧИТАТЬ ГОРОД. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ПОЭЗИЯ В ПУБЛИЧНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВE

Author(s): Jana Kostincová / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Significant segment of contemporary Russian poetry is no more limited to print page, some texts are presented on new interfaces, in virtual space, some create an integral part of urban landscape. The paper will consider different forms of poetry intervention into urban space, that explore and apply the approaches and practices of the 20th century avant-gardes, as well as situationist dérive and the use of contemporary digital technologies. It will focus on activities of St Petersburg group Laboratoria Poeticheskogo Aktionizma (The Laboratory of Poetic Actionism), their projects will be discussed and interpreted within the context of transmedia art and literature. The aim is to present the type of contemporary literature that struggles to break stereotypes of contemporary city life, enter into a dialogue with cultural memory using poetic utterance and placing it in city space.

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