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U uvodnom dijelu predstavljena su teorijska mišljenja o odnosu ekonomije i roda. Preko najznačajnijih teorijskih viđenja ponuđeni su i ključni historijski momenti razvoja ovog kompleksnog odnosa. Analiza radova savremenih društvenih teoretičara i teoretičarki uključuje njihove savremene interpretacije klasičnih pisanja o ovoj temi. O ekonomiji i rodu istraživalo se i pisalo unutar različitih društvenih znanosti, te su nalazi i doprinosi „razasuti“ po brojnim naučnim i stručnim časopisima (Swedberg, 2006). Također, o ovom ključnom pitanju za žene pisali su, bar što se sociologije tiče, pretežno muškarci. To donekle potvrđuje prisutne kritike sociologije kao isključivo „muške sociologije“. No, ovim problemom dubinski se bave feministkinje različitih pravaca (radikalnog, liberalnog, marksističkog, crnog).
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While recent studies have investigated intra-European mobility of EU citizens (Favell, 2008; Recchi & Favell, 2009) and the transnationalisation of selected European societies (Mau, 2010) the main goal of this paper is to shed light on border crossing mobility practises of Turkish migrants residing in member states of the European Union. Particularly, it is of interest to investigate whether the third-country migrant status influences the extent to which these individuals make use of the common European mobility space. To allow for an assessment of this question, their data will be contrasted with that of intra-European migrants from Romania. Existing studies, such as Neumayer (2006), clearly show the impact of visa regulations on international mobility. One of his arguments is that for citizens of most countries in the world from a practical point of view, the national passport is less important than the visa it contains (or lacks). Therefore, it could be assumed that the question of whether or not Turkish migrants reside within the Schengen area has a direct impact on their intra-European mobility. To review this issue, survey data collected both in signatory and non-signatory countries of the Schengen agreement is used in the analysis. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the data used, while the second part presents some insights in physical and non-physical mobility of Turkish migrants. The final part of this text discusses the results of regression analysis, which uses intra-European mobility as a dependent variable and, among others, country dummies, different socioeconomic characteristics and communication with individuals abroad as independent variables.
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Socio-cultural aspects of health such as understanding of sickness and health, or symptom awareness are likely to influence health care utilisation as well as system knowledge or financial and communicational obstacles to health care access. In a multicultural society like Germany, health care services and policy regulation have to take this issue into account, in order to provide equal access. The share of inhabitants with foreign nationalities has risen from 1.2% (0.7 million) in 1961 to 9.5% (7.6 million) in 2013 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2014a, p. 27-37). Most foreign nationals in Germany are Turkish citizens. They make up a share of 20.3% of all foreign nationals and 1.9% of all inhabitants. Even though health care utilisation is an important means of maintaining and restoring personal health, the question of whether different socio-cultural patterns exist has not been addressed comprehensively by previous research in Germany. Only a few studies on specific aspects of the topic exist and mention barriers in health care access (e.g. Bermejo, Hölzel, Kriston, & Härter, 2012; Robert Koch Institut, 2008). With our survey we cover a broad range of research questions on general health care utilisation practices in a representative population sample of Turkish and German nationals.
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Turkey has increasingly aslyum seeking movements from Asia and Africa as a destination country. Aslyum seeking movements has created the necessity to reorganization of the personal and social space for the aslyum seekers and local people of the hosting country. In the scope of the open door policy of the Turkey, temporary protection and residence permit have been provided in accordance with political and humanitarian obligations. Turkey allow for the temporary aslyum seekers freely reside in some cities which is called ‘’satellite city’’. Isparta as a satellite city have good practice examples and social aids and services for aslyum seekers.
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The aim of this paper is to present family policy in Poland in the transition period and current challenges for family policy. The author concludes that Polish family policy does not create a coherent system, accounting for strictly defined objectives, methods and means of their implementation. There is no system to evaluate and monitor the efficiency of family policy tools, to judge if the adopted solutions allow the attainment of the assumed goal. Consecutive governments undertake the implementation of family policy according to their own, ideological visions, modifying solutions adopted by their predecessors or abandoning them completely.
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İnsanın; değişken, farklı ihtiyaçlarına ve sorunlarına neden olan olgulardan birisi de göçtür. Çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı göç eden, göçmen, sığınmacı ve mültecilerin sahip oldukları haklar ile sosyo-ekonomik sorunlarının giderilmesine ve ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönelik uygulamalar, günümüz dünyasının önemli çalışma alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle Türkiye gibi önemli göç yolları üzerinde bulunan ülkeler için bu olgu, son derece ciddi yasal düzenlemelerin ve uygulamaların oluşturulması gerektiğini göstermiştir.
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Türkiye’nin 2011 yılı Mart ayından sonra karşı karşıya kaldığı göç, daha önce bu topraklarda karşılaşılmadığı kadar kısa sürede ve yüksek sayıda insan hareketidir. Bu nedenle Suriye göçünün ortaya çıkarttığı etkiler daha görünür olmuştur. Oysa gerek Türkiye coğrafyasında gerekse gelişmiş ülkeler ve diğer coğrafyalarda göç insanlığın var olduğu dönemden beri vuku bulmaktadır. Aynı zamanda göç, toplumsal varoluşun her boyutunu etkileyen karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle incelenmesi ve her boyutu ile analiz edilmesi de zordur. Dolayısıyla göç çalışmaları disiplinler arası olmalıdır ve hiçbir ilgili alan kendisinin tek başına göç olgusunu açıklayabileceğini iddia etmemelidir. Bu aşamada göç çalışmalarını özetlemek faydalı olacaktır.
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The issue of irregular migration in Turkey is gaining an increasingly important dimension. In the context of irregular migration, it is known that many foreigners use Turkey as a target or transit country for economic and political reasons. Only in 2016, 174,466 irregular migrants were apprehended in various regions of Turkey. This number has been increasing, especially in recent years. The current irregular migration movements in Turkey affect not only Turkey but also the European countries around it. In 2014, 280 thousand people illegally reached Europe by sea and land. In 2015, this number increased to 1,046,600. It is known that irregular migration concentrates on the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Marmara coasts. According to the Turkish Coast Guard Command, a total of 490 irregular migrants lost their lives while illegally trying to cross into European countries in 2015, 2016, and the first months of 2017. This picture makes it necessary to address the human dimension of irregular migration from a broader perspective. While coping with irregular migration, policies should be developed by keeping the human dimension of the subject in mind through investigating the causes that drive migrants to irregular migration. In parallel with this, fighting against human smugglers is indispensable. At this point, social work profession, which has to take an active role in the field of migration, must be maintained by improving its practices on the basis of human rights. While working with irregular migrants, social workers must stay away from stigmatizing and judicial attitudes and advocate for the protection of the human rights of these migrants.
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Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Various studies confirm that rural labor migration in developing countries is an outcome of capital market imperfections. Lack of easy accessibility to credit followed by exorbitant rate of interest charged by informal sources of credit worsens the condition of poor households. Uttar Pradesh is among few most backward states of India and exhibits highest rate of male out-migration among all states (NSSO). Although few attempt have been made to understand trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The current study tries to fill this void. Objective of the study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. To meet the objective and to have better understanding of the role played by credit constraints in migration decisions, the study undertake primary survey of 370 households in six villages of Jaunpur district in UP. Simple statistical tools and binary logistic regression model have been used. The result of empirical analysis shows that accessibility and various sources of credit play very important role in male migration in rural UP. Study also found that relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP. Thus more financial inclusion shall be encouraged in rural Uttar Pradesh and an attempt shall be made to ensure easy access of credit to rural households. Various ongoing schemes on financial inclusion shall be more properly implemented and encouraged among rural households to prevent them from various kinds of exploitation by local moneylender.
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As Greece is plagued by the multidimensional crisis combined with the recent refugee flows, the center of Athens becomes once more the focus of public discourse's attention. A range of European and Greek policies on migration have been launched during the last decades regarding not only the macro-scale of the migrants’ legal status but also their (permanent and/or temporary) settlement in central Athens. In parallel, many policies and practices -both by public and private initiatives- are being emerged regarding the creative activities, creative groups, cultural policies etc. In general, a turn to the importance of culture and creativity and its socio-economic impact is being observed. Inevitably, these trends form some of the aspects of the urban policy making.
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One important discussion today is the possible negative effects that immigrants have on the wages of natives. In accordance with the theory of labor demand and supply, people believe that new immigrants could take the jobs of the existing workers. Many researchers have showed that there is little impact of immigration on wages and employment of existing workers as for example for the U.S. and the UK . The model fails to explain job polarization and wage inequality between natives and immigrants. Is it possible to model the effects of migration on wages in a different way that has the potential to be more tractable? Many of the shortcomings of the model can be addressed by using a task-based approach to the effects of migration in the labor market. This paper presents such extension following the Ricardian Skill Model (Autor, Levy, & Murnane, 2003). An analysis, without solving for the equilibrium and keeping capital and technology constants in the short run, gives us the following results: In the presence of migration, there will be a re-assignation of tasks. The wages of local workers will not be necessarily affected, but wage inequality within the labor market should increase.
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A partir de la primera década del siglo XXI con el incremento de leyes y políticas en contra de la migración no autorizada en los Estados Unidos, aunado a la crisis de los mercados laborales, que se manifiesta a partir del 2008, se ha venido presentando un aumento del flujo de migrantes que han retornado a México, como un fenómeno emergente debido al número de familias mexicanas que regresaron a residir a sus comunidades de origen (Durand, 2013). Siguiendo a lo anterior, se observa la presencia de nuevos sujetos sociales constituidos por la presencia de menores nacidos en los Estados Unidos que regresan junto con sus familias enfrentando nuevos retos y condiciones de inserción a las comunidades a las que se llegan (Moctezuma, 2014; Jensen et al, 2017).
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El presente estudio,al adoptar el concepto bidimensional de “gentrificación transnacional” -término acuñado por Thomas Sigler y David Wachsmuth en 2015-, se adentra en un esfuerzo por explicar la influencia de factores exógenos al territorio en los procesos locales de gentrificación de las ciudades; mismos que no podían ser descritos de manera precisa mediante la conceptualización tradicional de la gentrificación y las teorías del desarrollo económico.
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Desde fines de la década de 1950, cuando Uruguay comenzó a tener saldos migratorios negativos, la emigración internacional se ha convertido en un fenómeno estructural de la sociedad uruguaya. De acuerdo con las estimaciones de stock de migrantes más recientes publicadas por la División de Población de Naciones Unidas, al año 2017 Uruguay cuenta con alrededor de 360 mil emigrantes residiendo en el exterior, lo que representa el 10,4% de su población residente, cifra que triplica la proporción promedio a nivel global de migrantes internacionales. Con la restauración democrática en 1984 el país experimentó la primera gran oleada de migrantes de retorno, aunque sin embargo ésta tuvo menor magnitud que la verificada en el marco de la crisis económica internacional que emergió a fines de 2007, cuando España pasó a ser el principal país de procedencia de los flujos de migrantes de retorno en detrimento de Argentina (Koolhaas y Pellegrino, 2019). De este modo, el retorno ha sido el principal factor explicativo del cambio de tendencia de los saldos migratorios de Uruguay observado a partir de 2008, superando en su importancia a la inmigración extranjera al menos durante el período 1980-2015 (Koolhaas y Nathan, 2013; Koolhaas y Pellegrino, 2019), tendencia que se revierte a partir de 2016 con una mayor importancia numérica de la inmigración extranjera (sobre todo, de población procedente de Venezuela, Cuba y República Dominicana).
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Dokument “Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2016.” predstavlja osnovne društveno-ekonomske pokazatelje razvoja FBiH po općinama i rangira lokalne zajednice prema nivou razvijenosti. Prilikom utvrđivanja zbirnog indeksa razvijenosti svake općine u FBiH, korišteni su sljedeći pokazatelji: stepen zaposlenosti stanovništva, stepen nezaposlenosti stanovništva, broj učenika/ca osnovnih i srednjih škola na 1.000 stanovnika, odsutno stanovništvo u odnosu na popis iz 1991. godine i poreski prihodi po općinama po glavi stanovnika.
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Since most of the available researches and documents that are analyzed cannot find clearly distinguished data by regions as well as separately for these two regions (one of the exceptions is the research of the CURE Foundation "Women who inspire"), a general overview with somespecifics for a better understanding of the state in the field will be done. After that we will give an overview of some local specifics. It should be noted that the regional divisions do not follow the administrative ones as four analyzed municipalities in these two regions belong to the municipality of Eastern Sarajevo, and two belong to the Romanija region.
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Document "Socio-economic indicators by municipalities in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016" represents the basic socio-economic indicators of FBiH development by municipalities and ranking the local community according to the level of development. When determining the general development index of each municipality in FBiH, the following indicators were used: the level of employment of the population, the level of unemployment, the number of primary and secondary school students per 1,000 inhabitants, the absent population compared to the 1991 census and the tax revenues per municipality percapita.
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Turkey is one of the countries which receives permanent migration and is situated on the route for transit migration to Europe due to its geographical location and cultural characteristics. Migration to Turkey is forced largely due to wars, internal conflicts and disputes rather than economic in nature. Starting due to cultural imperatives as a result of the Ottoman State’s losing territories, such migration has accelerated during the construction of Turkey's nation states and the immigration continued to flow from particularly Balkans and other regions including the East Turkistan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan in the period of the Republic (İçduygu & Sirkeci, 1999, p. 259-265; Çakırer Özservet, 2013, p. 170). Many immigrants immigrate to Turkey temporarily or permanently due to economic and political instability in above mentioned countries as well as Turkey's being a bridge between East-West and North-South (İçduyu & Toktaş, 2005, p. 43). In addition, Turkey is in the "host country" position especially for those immigrants from the same culture since it took over the Ottoman legacy (Buz, 2008, p. 2).
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Considering the social and economic dimensions of migration, it is fact that both individuals who immigrated and community which is immigrated effect bilaterally from different perspectives. Migration describing as a demographic process in the sense of settlement changes between geographic region and / or the administrative areas, can also be described as population movements occurring with reasons such as economic, social, cultural, political, religious, natural disasters and so on. In other words, migration means that with better life expectancy individuals and communities leave theirs habitats and temporarily or permanently decide to go to new residential areas (Pazarlıoğlu, 2005:121).
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