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КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЮ

Author(s): A. Gurov,A. Tolkachev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

До недавнего времени потребление рассматривалось социальными исследователями как гедонистическая деятельность или погоня за удовольствием ради удовольствия [2, 6]. В России такое значение потребления стало актуальным относительно недавно, в постсоциалистический период. С потребительским гедонизмом связыва- ется первое десятилетие 2000-х годов, называемое «жирными нулевыми», когда новая инфраструк- тура (торговые центры, кредитные карты и т.д.) и выросшие доходы создали условия и возможности для гедонистического потребления. Несмотря на то, что не все группы в российском обществе по- лучили полный доступ к таким возможностям, изменения коснулись заметной его части.

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ДУАЛЬНОСТЬ СТРУКТУР ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ДИНАМИКЕ: ОТ СОВЕТСКОГО К ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМУ ОБЩЕСТВУ

Author(s): V. Ilyin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article studies consumption in Soviet and post-Soviet society in the context of its dual structure. The analysis is based on the assumption that consumption always occurs in the context of existing culture and ideology and is a part of social reproduction. Every type of social reproduction features particular type of individuality. Ideally, a person with such a type of individuality is a function of a social system, i.e. an ideal consumer. However, in reality people are reluctant to turn into the ideal consumers who ensure the interests of the existing system and powerful groups who control social reproduction. Activity of these reluctant consumers results in various resistance practices and consumer culture that corresponds to them. As a result, the structures acquire the dual character and serve as a sustainable form of consumer behavior of those citizens who freely materialize their needs within an available amount of resources. This is, however, not an organized protest, but rather an individual form of resistance that the sociologists call “the art of the weak”.

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ПРОИЗВОДСТВО, СБЫТ И ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ В САНКТ ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ: ПЛОДОРОДНАЯ ПОЧВА ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОРОТКИХ ЦЕПОЧЕК ПОСТАВОК ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ?

Author(s): Olga Gromasheva,G. Brunori / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Currently in developed countries there is growth of initiatives which are aimed to reconnect farmers and consumers whose relationships in the last century became as distant and detached as they had never been before (due to industrial food production, centralization of the market, etc.). The state-of-art and recent trends in agricultural production, distribution and consumption in Russia, and St. Petersburg in particular, are analyzed in the article (mainly from the prospective of supply and demand for local products). The aim of the paper is to understand whether the current conditions are favorable towards development of such reconnection initiatives, which in the western literature are most frequently referred to as “short food supply chains” (or “alternative food networks”).

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НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ РОССИЯН ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ СПОРТИВНЫХ МЕГА-СОБЫТИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УНИВЕРСИАДЫ 2013 г., КАЗАНЬ)

Author(s): P. Ermolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article investigates the main trends in green consumption in Russia that were inspired by sport megaevents. The analysis is based on the case study of Universiade, which took place in the city of Kazan in 2013. The results of this empirical study confirm that the dwellers of Kazan have become more aware of green consumption and the green consumer practices have started to spread after the Universiade had been finished (for instance, waste sorting and ecologization of way of life and leisure). The author of the article links these trends to the increased availability of urban “green” infrastructure; the Year of Eco-culture that was held in Russia and promoted ecofriendly ideas; the local governments’ reorientation towards international environmental standards that have been maintained in other host-cities of international sport events; the popularization of post-materialistic values; globalization and increased population mobility; and growing value that is ascribed to health as symbolic capital.

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АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ: СТИХИЙНАЯ ВНУТРЕННЯЯ ЭМИГРАЦИЯ ИЛИ ОСОЗНАННЫЙ ТРАНСФЕР В БУДУЩЕЕ

Author(s): I. Zadorin,D. Maltseva,A. Homyakova,L. Shubina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

This article presents the results of the study "Ecovillages as a form of internal emigration: motivation and prospects of expansion", which was conducted by ZIRCON Research Group in Autumn 2012. This research studies new phenomenon of alternative rural settlements (in particular, ecovillages and kin estates settlements). These settlements are considered as countercultural movement. Yet, they have potential to generate innovative practices related to sustainable development of society and nature. The article aims to answer the question whether the ecovillages and kin estate settlements can be transformed from marginalized to influential social phenomenon. The authors also investigate the peculiarities of these settlements and their meanings for participants: are these settlements a way of internal immigration because of political reasons or a transfer to well-being and quality of life?

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МУЗЕИ-ЗАВОДЫ НА СРЕДНЕМ УРАЛЕ: ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ПРОШЛОГО И ИНДИКАТОР НАСТОЯЩЕГО В КУЛЬТУРЕ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО УРАЛА

Author(s): Lidia Dobreytsina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article explores the aspects of development and operation of the industrial museums in Middle Ural, i.e. in the towns of Solikamsk, Nizhny Tagil, and Polevskoy. It contains the description of their present conditions, their popularity, plans and projects for further development. Analysis of an image of an industrial museum as it exists in the minds both of local residents and visitors is followed by the attempt to clarify the symbolic function of an industrial museum as a tool for shaping the image of Ural for contemporary age. Also, the article delves into the contradictions between the actual situation of industrial museums and the declarations of their importance and usage made by the local official media (based on the case of Demidov Park project). The main problem here is the failure, both by authorities and by local residents, to comprehend the role and the place of such museums in the future development of local and regional culture; as a result, we can witness underfunding and dismal material conditions of the industrial museums in Solikamsk and Nizhny Tagil, lack of adequate advertising, no interesting projects implemented at these plants and so on.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ГОРОЖАН В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1950-х – НАЧАЛЕ 1980-х гг. (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ АНГАРО-ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО РЕГИОНА)

Author(s): N.V. Gonina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The industrialization developed in the late XX century in Angara-Yenisei region promoted not only the territory development and the cities growth but also considerable sociocultural changes. In the cities of the region transition from traditional consciousness to the industrial one goes at an accelerated pace. The important role in this process was played by the large industrial enterprises of the Union value which had defined urban environment development parameters of that period of time. As a result of industrialization and urbanization of the region one can observe the transition from paternalism and collectivism to individualization, understanding of personality worthiness, material needs priority growth. These tendencies are of fragmentary and changeable character. Features of traditional, industrial and post-industrial society in the framework of the Soviet system are interwoven with polychromatic picture of sociocultural identity of a transition period. They gained the greatest expressiveness in the regional centers, the smallest level — in the peripheral not industrial cities.

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УРБАНИЗАЦИЯ КАК ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫЕ ГОРОДА НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ РАЙОНОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ (1960 – 1980 гг.)

Author(s): I.N. Stasj / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article the urbanisation process in the oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia in the period of oil and gas exploration (1960’s - 1980’s) is analysed. The region urbanisation is treated on three meta-levels – the organisation of towns’ resettlement system, urban environment formation, towns’ identity designing. Interaction and confrontation between main subjects of urbanisation – departmental and towns’ elite and discourses – took place exactly on these meta-levels. The author comes to a conclusion that urbanisation of oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia was of departmental origin and matter: resettlement system was adjusted to the town-planning experience of departments; urban environment was formed as the mixture of isolated departmental economies; towns served as “seigneurial oikos”. There was no towns’ identity, and identification of towns’ citizens was principally based upon the industrial characteristic.

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ЭКЗОГЕННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫХ ГОРОДОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА РОССИИ (ВТОРАЯ ПОЛОВИНА 1960-Х – ПЕРВАЯ ПОЛОВИНА 1980-Х гг.)

Author(s): R.S. Kolokolchikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The author reveals the conflicting processes of the controlled Soviet urbanization in the European North of Russia coming out in increased diseases incidence of the population in the industrial cities – engines of industrial development of the region. The risk factors in the cities of those typological groups for the incidence of the sexually transmitted diseases, dynamics and trends of morbidity are analyzed too.

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Западная интеллектуальная элита и феномен «роскошь»: социально-психологический аспект

Author(s): Elena A. Ageeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article analyzes the researches of luxury in the western scientific tradition of the 18th — the beginning of the 20th century. Considered are the main approaches to research, evolution of concepts, system of values of thinkers. The conclusion is drawn that views of intellectual elite objectively reflect civilization features of society’s development.

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Социологические экспедиции кафедры местного самоуправления НИУ ВШЭ

Author(s): Simon Kordonsky,Juri Plusnin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article’s authors describe their experiences organizing and conducting field research training of National Research University–Higher School of Economics students over the course of 10 years. Field expeditions are defined by the exposure they give (metropolitan) students to the phenomenology of provincial everyday life. The methodology used is grounded in the principals of qualitative social research. Methods used for the direct (“naive”) observation and description of the features of local public life include case studies, unstructured interviews, and situational conversations with local people. The authors describe five kinds of field expedition practices that they have developed for students: (1) visiting training seminars in addition to the authorized course; (2) field research incorporated into academic study practices; (3) retreats as part of research seminars; (4) summer school expeditions; and (5) sociological research expeditions.

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Elke Beyer, Anke Hagemann, and Michael Zinganel, eds. Holidays after the Fall: Seaside Architecture and Urbanism in Bulgaria and Croatia. Berlin: Jovis Verlag, 2013

Author(s): Alexandra Wachter / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

Review of: Alexandra Wachter - Elke Beyer, Anke Hagemann, and Michael Zinganel, eds. Holidays after the Fall: Seaside Architecture and Urbanism in Bulgaria and Croatia. Berlin: Jovis Verlag, 2013. 272 pp. ISBN 978-3-86859-226-9.

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Massimiliano Mollona. Made in Sheffield: An Ethnography of Industrial Work and Politics. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009

Author(s): Christian Koller / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Review of: Christian Koller - Massimiliano Mollona. Made in Sheffield: An Ethnography of Industrial Work and Politics. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009. 212 pp. ISBN 978-1-84545-551-4.

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The Soul of Stone: Mineral Symbolism in Vepsian Villages of Karelia

Author(s): Anna Varfolomeeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This article is a case study of the northern Vepses, an indigenous group residing in the Republic of Karelia, and their relations with mining industry. As early as the eighteenth century, Vepses in Karelia were involved in the extraction of rare decorative minerals (gabbro-diabase and raspberry quartzite), and this involvement continues today. The article discusses the variety of symbolic meanings stone has for contemporary residents of Vepsian villages, who see it simultaneously as a source of hardship, struggle, and pride. Local residents view nature and stoneworking as interconnected, seeing mining development in the region as a consequence of its natural richness. This case study illustrates that indigenous lifestyles, industrial development, and nature may be perceived as coexisting and interconnected elements.

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Высшее инженерно-техническое образование женщин: история и современные тенденции

Author(s): Galina Anatolyevna Budnik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

The formation and development of higher engineering education of women from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century are considered on the basis of historiography, statistics and Internet resources analysis. The article demonstrates the most common gender stereotypes in higher education and labour relations. The examples of organization of learning on Women’s polytechnic courses (St. Petersburg, 1906) are provided, the author follows the fortunes of their first graduates. On the basis of statistics the dynamics of growth in the number of girls in higher engineering colleges is analyzed. It is suggested that the increase in the number of women in the universities of this profile is largely linked with the socio-economic development of the USSR: industrialization, the Great Patriotic War. The fate of women engineers is considered. On the basis of the analysis of periodicals and Internet resources the author concludes that traditional views of a woman’s inability to study at a technical university and work as an engineer are but a myth. The author expresses her opinion on current trends in higher engineering and technical education of women. On the one hand, traditional gender stereotypes in higher engineering and technical education and industrial relations still reside in public opinion of Russian people. Public authorities, administration of universities, scientific and industrial organizations, the media do little to create a positive image of a woman engineer as well as to inform girls about the professional growth of graduates of the higher technical school. On the other hand, the number of girls seeking to pursue engineering as a profession is growing steadily. In the field of higher education and workplace relations, there is a tendency towards leveling of gender differences.

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Особенности потребительского поведения женщин на российском рынке роскоши в период Первой мировой войны

Author(s): Elena A. Ageeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2015

The article represents the gender analysis of Russian luxury market during World War I and February Revolution. The article contains analysis of social experience of upper-class society members, their daily pursuits and activities in emergency conditions. The major conclusions are as follows. Luxury consumption by upper-class womenfolk increased. One can say that luxury in war time has distinct female feel about it. In a way it was a compensation for the toils of war as well as means of wealth accumulation. Women psychology had a major impact on the market. The growth of luxury consumption may be explained not only by social but also by psychological reasons. Gender peculiarities of consumer activities on Russian luxury goods market were as follows: feverish demand on luxury goods bordering on prodigality. Veblen effect was demonstrated. Customers selected goods that were more expensive and were in fashion. The author explores the wide range of historical sources. The commentaries and “women” press were among the most important ones. This research represents a multidisciplinary approach drawing on social sciences, history and economics.

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The Contribution of Medical Tourism to the Economic and Regional Development in Greece

Author(s): Ioannis Sarantopoulos,Laloumis Demetris / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate the contribution of medical tourism in the economic and tourism development in Greece. For this purpose, a nationwide survey was carried out in 2012. The sample population consisted of executives of 5-star hotels across the country and members of the Hellenic Association of Professional Congress Organizers (HAPCO). Data was gathered by emailing a structured questionnaire to the executives of the abovementioned companies. Descriptive data analyses have been performed. According to our findings, the vast majority of members of 5-star hotels supports that medical tourism could contribute positively to the economic development of the region and to the development of tourism in the country. Majority of executives also believe that investments in medical tourism will be very helpful in attracting tourists and stimulating economic development. The finding of this research indicates that the medical tourism in Greece are perceived by the Greece hoteliers and congress organisers as an effective mean of tourism and economic growth which could facilitate the way out of economic crisis.

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Exploring benefits of local e-commerce for enhancing firm’s competitiveness

Author(s): Julien Hildebrandt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities offered by local e-commerce solutions to increase the competitiveness of local bakery stores. This study follows an inductive qualitative research guided by grounded theory approach. The web-based questionnaires were used to get opinions of bakery goods consumers and the management board of a bakery goods firm participated in this study, which was geographically limited to the bakery sector in Germany. The value of this study is in initiating the development of theory on benefits of local e-commerce. It introduces consumers as well as companies to a new dimension of distributing or purchasing products and therefore, should encourage both parties to make use of local e-commerce solutions.

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Second Generation South Asian Businesspersons in the UK: Start-Ups, Social Connectedness, Family Influence and Co-Ethnic Professionals

Author(s): Muhammad Tahir Rafique / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The context for this research study is second generation South Asian businesspersons in the UK. South Asian businesspersons are over-represented in self-employment as compared to their white majority counterpart. The aim of this research is to examine the growth of South Asian businesses in the UK. Three core themes that emerge from the literature provide a framework for the research, namely, the impact of ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors to the self-employment in the second generation South Asians; and reliance on co-ethnic accountants. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of six months. The research makes a contribution to the Network theory of immigrant ethnic minorities. On a practical level, exploring the second generation South Asians in Britain will enhance the understanding of marketers and professional service providers who might see South Asian businesses as an emerging and growing market. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.

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Transmediality in Italy in the Fascist Era: Soundscape and Transmedia Resonances

Author(s): Paola Valentini / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2016

Italy in the thirties is the focus of a complex system of media convergences, in which sound plays a leading role. Starting from 1924 (the year of foundation of the system of public radio broadcasting in Italy), and 1930 (when viewers were able to see the Crst “Talkies”), the Italian media developed an extensive network of technological convergences, economic connections, aesthetic resonances, and, generally speaking, cross -media practices.The flow of content across multiple sound media during the Fascist era creates a Guid distinction between “convergence culture” and “consumer culture” (Freeman, 2014: 3-4). It sheds new light on the transition from an economics of industrial production to an economics of industrialised consumption (Lacey2001:21-22), as well as on the growth of an industrial mass culture. Yet, not only does this consist of textual synergies and business relationships, in part already investigated, but it gives rise also to a specific dimension that, albeit for a limited period of time, also changes the texture of the sound itself (mechanical and recorded as actually perceived at the time), and its relationship with the image and the real world, making it the place of a marked transmediality.

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