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Policy Tracker: Economic Governance and Performance of the State-owned Energy Sector

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Bulgaria’s energy sector is characterized by severe financial weaknesses related to high levels of indebtedness, low profitability and bad governance. The financial outlook of state-owned enterprises has become increasingly problematic in the 2011-2013 period. An overview of the financial health of the largest energy companies reveals a desperate need for liquidity and a reform of the pricing method to abolish destabilizing subsidies, improve debt collection and the energy mix, and invest in the minimization of power distribution losses.

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Policy Tracker: Key Challenges for Energy Efficiency Policies in the Domestic Sector

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Bulgarian economy is by far the most energy intensive in Europe and it is highly dependent on other countries for its energy and therefore the economy - and in turn individual households are vulnerable to price changes. A quarter of energy consumed in Bulgaria is used in the residential sector. Actively reducing the energy consumed by end users will be the fastest and most cost-effective method of making further energy savings, and also has related benefits such as lowered reliance on energy imports and lower fuel bills for consumers and businesses.

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The Energy Sector in Bulgaria: Major Governance Issues

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report analyses the major governance issues of the energy sector in Bulgaria, as well as the common energy crimes. It makes an overview of the 2020 Strategy and presents a recommended governance approach. The Bulgarian energy sector is key for the future development of the country’s economy. For the past decade energy exports and imports formed on average 12% (16% in 2008) and 21% (22% in 2008) of the value of the country’s outgoing and incoming trade flows respectively. Every fourth public procurement contract is concluded in the energy sector, making it one of the biggest taxpayers’ money spenders in the country. In 2008, in a single year, the Bulgarian government committed to energy projects, requiring budgetary investments equal in value to the whole EU funds support for the country for the current European seven year budget period 2007 – 2013.

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Copenhagen 2009: Outliers among CO2 emitters: choose your pick

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Reaching an agreement at the Copenhagen conference on climate change starting on 7 December 2009 will be tough. Everyone is a sinner in a way: (1) the main advocates of binding agreement on climate change such as the European countries (EU plus Norway) and Japan are big emitters, taken together; (2) the main suspects - US and China are the biggest emitters, each in its own different way and are seen as dragging their feet over target agreements; (3) the rest are falling in between with less access to novel technologies and gaping inefficiencies in their economies. Bulgaria has evidently fulfilled its target commitments under Kyoto and it is a small emitter. Nevertheless, Bulgaria remains more carbon-intensive than China as per capita and than US as per GDP. Its inefficient economy, however, holds considerable potential for a greener future. This is particularly true for its industry. Bulgaria needs to take decisive actions in improving the energy efficiency of its industrial and energy production and in introducing green technologies and further measures for sustainable consumer behavior. But how much is it willing to pay for it?

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Legal Aspects of the Private Sector in Bulgaria: Legal and Institutional Framework of the Private Sector

Author(s): Valentin Georgiev / Language(s): English

Following the socialist revolution in 1944, the legal system and legislation served the purpose of fortifying the economic framework of socialist society. A number of laws adopted in the first years of socialism put public property and socialist planned economy in the foreground. Private property was rejected and certain laws were passed stipulating the expropriation of private means of production, the collectivization of farm land, and finally, the nationalization of personal property of citizens - housing, and others.

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Nature and Main Trends in the Development of New Agricultural Cooperatives in Bulgaria

Author(s): Ivan Angelov / Language(s): English

The cooperative forms of business and social activity are deeply rooted in the traditions of the economic development of Bulgaria. The Bulgarian cooperatives were established as a form of management more than one hundred years ago, shortly after the liberation from the Turks. The first cooperative was formed in 1890 in the village of Mirnovo, Pirdop region. Its name, "Plough", reflects the primitive technical level of agriculture at that time when the wooden plough was the predominant agricultural tool. The number and the types of cooperatives (credit, consumer, agricultural, production, tobacco, silk-worm, forest, dairy, etc.) increased rapidly. In 1909 the number of the cooperatives and associations totaled 492, in 1927 they were 2 852, while in 1941 they went up to 4 476, 1 116 of which were production cooperatives. In 1907 the First General Union of the agricultural cooperatives was founded. During this period the growing number of cooperatives followed the downward trend of the average farm area: 63 dca in 1910, 57 dca in 1926, 49 dca in 1934, 42 dca in 1946. Even at that time the cooperative aimed at more efficient use of the cultivated land through its amalgamation.

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MONITORING OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN BULGARIA, MAY 2002

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to collect and analyze systematic information of the use of PCs and the Internet by the Bulgarian population. IT monitoring findings are based on data from national representative surveys administered by Vitosha Research in the period 2000-2002. The data collection method is face-to-face interview. All of the surveys are based on a random two-stage cluster sample representative of the Bulgarian adult population (18+).

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MONITORING OF IT IN BULGARIA, JANUARY 2003

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to observe periodically and in a systemic way the distribution and use of PCs and Internet by Bulgarians.

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Масовата приватизация в реформиращите се страни

Author(s): Ivan V. Angelov,Boyan V. Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian

Regardless of the course and progress of change, the political and social situation, there is no former socialist state that has not taken at least initial steps in the field of privatization. The most commonly used approaches to privatization can be summarized in two - free (coupon, voucher) privatization and capital privatization (privatization fee). The two methods are only conditionally distinguishable, since they are not applied anywhere in pure form. The application of the capital methods of privatization and the free ones everywhere are accompanied by difficulties.

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Готови ли са потребителите да плащат за чиста енергия?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bulgarian households pay the lowest price of electricity in Europe in absolute terms. Price increases are inevitable to cover costs of new investments in production and transmission. Bulgaria has signed binding agreements within the European Union to achieve 16% of final or energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020, which will bring further pressure on prices for final consumers. Are Bulgarian households ready to foot the bill of more expensive electricity? How much more are they willing to fork out of their budget for green energy? A mere 13% of Bulgarian households are willing to pay extra for clean energy. Of those 82.5% would only bear a modest increase in their electricity bills – with up to 10%. Willingness to pay a ‘green energy premium’ is directly linked to the level of income. Low income households support cheaper although ‘dirtier’ energy. 63% of the population has used wood for heating, which remains the cheapest energy source. This shows that sustainable development through RES is not readily supported by Bulgarian consumers and there is a need of economic stimuli and campaigns to activate people and businesses in that direction. The Bulgarian government needs to balance carefully between new investments and the effects of price increases on socially and energy vulnerable members of society.

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Корупционни индекси на Коалиция 2000, Март 2001

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

In the period January 01 - February 10, 2001 Vitosha Research conducted its regular survey on corruption among the Bulgarian population. This study is part of the Corruption Monitoring System of Coalition 2000. The report "Corruption monitoring by Coalition 2000"presents the main findings, comparative analysis, trends and conclusions based on the data of the last survey.

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Енергийна ефективност в българските домове

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The growing consumer prices of electricity have remained at the center of public debates over the past months, especially following their increase last year by 13%. Even though the regulated market supresses their growth, prices have steadily increased since 2005, both in Bulgaria and in the EU. In Bulgaria, the liberalization will most likely cause an additional short-term increase in consumer prices, before open competition exerts enough pressure on the market to perform better and eventually bring prices down. In the context of these developments, measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings are becoming increasingly popular.

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Защо се увеличават сметките за електроенергия в България. Медийна записка

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The so-called “green” premium - a market entry subsidy for renewable energy sources - was used as a convenient explanation for recent increases to the electricity bills in 2012. However, as time went by, consumers realized that a substantial part of their bills has been determined by another expense - the ”bad governance premium”, which, together with the forthcoming parliamentary elections and the increase of energy consumption during the winter, led to the ascent of social discontent and a search for new culprits for the surge in prices.

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Медийна записка: Зелена енергетика в България?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bulgaria’s energy sector suffers from deep governance and security challenges, which hold the first pages of the mainstream media in the past year with stories of fraud, nepotism and political corruption. The urge for action to transform the sector’s governance and open up markets for competition has been growing louder in the face of shrinking resources and increasing demands from different lobbies. The EU green policies and funding have been one of the precious few anchors, which the Bulgarian government should use to diversify its energy sources and liberalize its markets. Can the Bulgarian government really deliver for the benefit of its citizens?

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Ще приберем ли „на тъмно“ цените на “светлото”? Медийна записка

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The decision to decrease by 5% the retail electricity prices as of 1 August 2013 is among the topics at the heart of political debates in Bulgaria this autumn. A similar move in 2010 clearly showed that such a politically mandated price decrease was not sustainable in the long run. It ended in the sharp increase (13% y-o-y) of electricity prices in 2012, and subsequent social unrest, which brought down the Bulgarian government in February 2013. The focus on the final consumer bill reduction in the public debate overshadows some of the other structural effects of the decision, which are worth mentioning.

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Cross-border sanctions in the area of undeclared work

Author(s): Ruslan Stefanov,Daniela Mineva,Lisa Schönenberg,Philippe Vanden Broeck / Language(s): English

As part of the support team of the European Platform tackling undeclared work, CSD is developing a series of papers, analyses and toolkits, aimed at sharing good practices and experiences among the Member States. Since 2016, the European Platform tackling undeclared work provides an EU-level forum that allows different actors, including social partners and enforcement authorities, such as labour inspectorates, tax and social security authorities, to engage in closer cross-border cooperation and joint activities. The Platform’s 2-year work programme for 2019-2020 includes activities enabling Platform members to deal with undeclared work through a holistic approach. The new work programme is building on work to tackle bogus self-employment and fraudulent letterbox companies. Four sectors that are heavily affected by undeclared work have been identified for specific action: agriculture; aviation; tourism; and the hotel, restaurant and catering sector.

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