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The effects of remittances on poverty alleviation in transition countries

Author(s): Drinka Peković / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

This paper examines the impact of remittances on poverty measures in transition economies using the panel data for the sample of nine countries in the period of 2002-2013. LSDV (Least Squares Dummy Variable) model with panel-corrected standard errors is used for estimation of remittance effects. The results show that remittances have a significant impact on each of the three poverty measures. Taking into consideration the endogenous regressor problem, a 10-percent increase in remittances per capita will lead to a decline, on average a 4.7 percent in poverty headcount, and also 5.2 percent in poverty depth and 5.8 percent in poverty severity. These results can be important for defining the policy measures on providing more efficient management of remittances.

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Economy of education: National and global aspects

Author(s): Oksana Ishchenko-Padukova,Elena Kazachanskaya,Irina Movchan,Łukasz Nawrot / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Our paper focuses on the national economy of education. We assume that under the current conditions of the globalized world, the economy of education reveals its two-fold nature: on the one hand, it represents an element of the national economic system, and on the other, it is also a structural component of the global education system. Therefore, national economy of education is shaped up by both internal and external factors represented by national and international influences. We analyze here the functional composition and the methods of legal regulation of the economy of education under the conditions and provisions of the global geopolitical transformations. In addition, we use the empirical model of returns to education for showing the factors that impact the employability of young graduates at the labor market. Our results confirm the importance of education for achieving higher levels of income, both nationally and internationally. Finally, we come to the conclusion that its target function consists of the global promotion of national education and consolidation of national competitive position within the world education space.

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Tüketicilerin Helal Ürün Algısı ve Helal Ürünleri Satın Alma Niyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Nilay Köleoğlu,Şükriye Tümay Erdil,Aslı Gezen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

‘Halal’ words sourced from arabic, means allowed and not forbidden. Halal product means allowed product and not forbidden in terms of religious. In this research, we aim to find any diversity between islamic values and halal products perception of consumers and intention of purchaising halal products and demografic properties (sex, age, job, revenue, education level). The universe of this research is composed of people living in Çanakkale. Datas are collected via questionnaire. Results of questionnaires analysed via reliability analysis, descriptional statistics and factor analyse, ANOVA and Tukey HSD multicomparison. At the end of these analyses, there is no significant relation between consumer’s halal products perception and purchaising halal products and sex, age, job, revenue, education level factors. However, there is a significant relation between revenue factor and islamic values.

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Wybrane czynniki kształtujące roszczenia z tytułu ubezpieczeń OC posiadaczy pojazdów mechanicznych w latach 2007–2016

Author(s): Andrzej Grzebieniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 500/2017

The purpose of the study is to evaluate selected factors shaping motor vehicle liability insurance claims. The research method was the analysis of selected facts related to: road accidents, compensation and benefits paid by insurers for civil liability of motor vehicle owners, results of technical activity and claims for gross premiums received by insurers, followed by the synthesis of conclusions obtained from the analysis and allowing for the evaluation of these selected factors shaping claims for civil liability of motor vehicle owners. The publication also outlines the implications of the Supreme Court’s 2016 resolution which forces insurers to bear the costs of treatment and rehabilitation of victims also in cases of the victim using a private or foreign medical facility.

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Analiza przekrojowa i kohortowa w badaniu umieralności a ubezpieczenia na życie

Author(s): Beata Jackowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 500/2017

The assumption of a particular model of mortality made in life insurance has crucial importance to the actuarial calculations. Mortality models are usually constructed as life tables. Considering the methods of mortality analysis, the period and cohort life tables can be distinguished. For historical reasons there is no possibility of constructing full cohort life tables in Poland. Nevertheless, it is possible to reconstruct a long enough history of some generations’ lifetime. The aim of this paper is a retrospective analysis of volatility of net single premiums based both on period and cohort life tables. As a source of data analysis, Polish demographic data has been used. Net single premiums have been calculated ex post for the real extinct cohorts. Therefore, the results have been compared to the corresponding outcomes calculated on the basis of period life tables from the current year.

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CHANGES IN FOOD CONSUMPTION IN POLAND AND OTHER EU COUNTRIES

Author(s): Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The article presents the determinants and directions of changes in food consumption in Poland against the background of other EU countries. Presentation the state of scientific knowledge is a baseline for further considerations. The next chapter includes the determinants of changes in food consumption in the countries of the EU over the last decade. Nextly the economic background in EU countries was presented. The next chapter was dedicated to the food consumption patterns in EU countries. A comparative analysis of food consumption in EU countries indicates that discrepancies remain in the level of economic growth within the European Union. Changes in consumption patterns in EU states are of both a quantitative and qualitative character. The present analysis of transformations in food consumption of Polish households shows that the tendency displayed in the results of previous research continues today.

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Polityka spójności na rzecz ochrony zdrowia a problem nierówności w zdrowiu w Polsce – ujęcie regionalne

Author(s): Iwona Laskowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The paper is an attempt to identify trends in territorial health inequalities (at NUTS 2 level) in Poland in the context of cohesion policy and its main instruments. The research tool used is convergence analysis. Because regions play a central role in economic policy, regional research seems particularly significant. The conducted analysis has shown that no interregional convergence with regard to average life expectancy has been observed as yet. The life expectancy of males and females diverges regardless of their place of residence (in total), as does the life expectancy of males and females living in urban areas, which points to increasing inequalities among voivodeships. In rural areas, regional differences in life expectancy did not change significantly between 1995 and 2013 – sigma-convergence cannot be detected. No evidence of sigma-divergence has been obtained, either. The results do not allow for an unambiguous evaluation of how effective cohesion policies pursued in this area have been. An in-depth investigation would require analyses of other health indicators, particularly mortality rates.

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Wybór formy koordynacji (governance mode) dla gospodarowania danymi osobowymi pacjentów w podmiotach leczniczych

Author(s): Wojciech Krówczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the paper is to present the conditions regarding the choice of governance mode for processing and protection of patients’ personal data in healthcare centres from the perspective of transaction cost economics (TCE). Processing and protection of patients’ personal data is an important area of the economics of healthcare centres, due to the need to ensure high-quality standards and because of significant costs of contracting, coordinating, and maintaining adequate physical infrastructure. Healthcare centres adopt a variety of modes to implement this activity: market contracts, long-term contracts, and hierarchy (internalization) methods. The efficiency of these allocation choices is sometimes low, considering both the accomplished standards and incurred costs. In the paper, the problem of how to implement activities in the area of processing and protecting personal data is discussed in the light of TCE. Based on this theory, the paper discusses the particular governance modes and the motivation behind their choice. Further, the forms of governance and their determinants in healthcare centres are analyzed, and partial inconsistency of these solutions with the theoretical assumptions of TCE is revealed. The concluding section provides recommendations as to further methodology of research in this area together with practical implications.

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Wycena trwałości – rozszerzenie tradycyjnego ujęcia kosztów środowiskowych

Author(s): Elżbieta Broniewicz,Mirosław Broniewicz,Piotr Milewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Due to a deepening scarcity of natural resources and ever stricter regulations related to their acquisition, the importance of natural resources in the world economy is growing considerably. In contrast to financial and tangible assets, natural resources are not very well described and represented in the accounting systems of firms, despite the fact that their use determines significantly the development of individual companies and the economy. The authors present a way to take account in production costs of those environmental costs which affect the sustainable development of a company as measured by economic value added. They also propose to complement the traditional approach of environmental costs with accommodating the cost of natural resources.

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Dobro wspólne a zrównoważony rozwój

Author(s): Konrad Prandecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The concept of common good is a difficult one to define. Not only does it encompass material resources and services, but also specific relationships between people managing the common good. The overriding feature of management based on the common good principle is to ensure the durability and the most equitable access to the resource. Under this approach, the principle of profit maximization, dominant in mainstream economics, is of limited use. For this reason, economic activity aimed at on informal institutions within the framework of the New Institutional Economics and the award for Elinor Ostrom granted by the Bank of Sweden that have led to increased interest in common good and the benefits of its use. As a result, first attempts have been made to build a new economic concept - economy for the common good. Analysis of the characteristics of common good leads to the conclusion that this idea has much in common with the concept of sustainable development. More detailed studies also indicate the existence of numerous differences between these two concepts. The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific characteristics of common good, to study the relationship between common good and sustainable development, and to analyse the possibilities of using common good in implementing the concept of sustainable development. The results make it possible to conclude that sustainable development is a more complex concept than that of common good. However, the latter may be effective in implementing sustainability in selected areas. The study was prepared based on critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature, and the research process used the inductive method as a means of reaching general conclusions.

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Wielokulturowość jako czynnik zrównoważonego i inteligentnego rozwoju Polski

Author(s): Andrzej Sadowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The paper addresses the problem of the significance of multiculturalism as a real factor behind sustainable and smart growth of Poland. Multiculturalism is an answer to the question of what the role democracy in the cultural sphere actually consists in. Generally, the impact of multiculturalism on sustainable and smart development Poland is associated with its expected influence on the formation of a new social and cultural order in society. Multiculturalism tends to promote integration of culturally diverse societies. It creates new forms of desired social cohesion as a necessary factor of economic growth and social development in conditions of a postmodern economy. It removes various forms of cultural predestination, recognises the value of minority cultures, which results in their inclusion, thus strengthening the economic power of society. Moreover, multiculturalism creates better conditions for the use of culturally diverse human, social, and cultural capital. According to the author, Poland is currently solving many dilemmas related to its possible development into a multicultural society.

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Analiza finansowania ochrony zdrowia ze środków prywatnych w krajach europejskich należących do OECD

Author(s): Przemysław Szetela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The paper presents a comparative analysis of financing health care from private resources in European countries that belong to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The analysis is performed using several indicators, such as: (1) amount of private expenditure on health in relation to gross domestic product – GDP; (2) amount of private expenditure on health per person (per capita); (3) share of private expenditure in total expenditure on health; (4) share of all private financing agents in the financing of health care; and (5) share of private expenditure in the financing of pharmacotherapy. The author emphasises the important role of private financial resources in financing health care in European countries that belong to the OECD and discusses the current trends in this area.

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Wkład ekonomii heterodoksyjnej do koncepcji rozwoju zrównoważonego

Author(s): Piotr Jeżowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The first at all, the paper explains the meaning of the term sustainability as a basic condition for keeping of natural capital assets for next generations and its impact on the sustainable development character. The second, it has been showed how sustainability and sustainable development are understood in the mainstream and heterodox economics. And, the third, the work shows the contemporary problems for implementation of sustainable development based on climate sustainability according to strategy Europe 2020 and the latest package 2.0.

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Polityka spójności jako determinanta przyspieszenia percepcji kultury zrównoważonego rozwoju w Polsce

Author(s): Ryszard Janikowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The concept of sustainable development is central for Euro-Atlantic civilization. Polish institutional system of the wasn't and isn't active in promoting and implementing sustainable development culture. In relation to other EU countries it is delayed in the process of promoting, building and actively shape. In all the objectives of the EU's action is inscribed sustainability. Thus, the political culture of the European Communities through cohesion policy determining impact on national cultures. Thus, as documented in the work, there is a very positive process, caused by cohesion policy, the implementation of sustainable development culture in Poland.

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Ocena realizacji koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju województw Polski w zakresie poziomu rozwoju społecznego w roku 2005 oraz 2013

Author(s): Ewa Roszkowska,Marzena Filipowicz-Chomko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The research presents multidimensional analysis of the level of social development of Polish voivodeships in the context of practicing the concept of sustainable development in 2005 and 2013. The analysis is based on the use of TOPSIS method of linear ordering and Ward’s method of non-linear ordering. The multi-method approach resulted in the assessment of the general level of development of the studied voivodeships, their ranking, classification according to their social advancement, and spatial and temporal trend change analysis within the area of interest. The results show that the year 2013 is characterized by high level of social development of all studied voivodeships as compared to 2005. The research uses the data from Local Data Bank of Central Statistic Office of Poland (GUS).

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Monitorowanie spójności społecznej według MONET – szwajcarskiego systemu wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Mariola E. Zalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article presents the Swiss system of indicators of sustainable development – MONET. It can be considered as a complementary approach to the system of indicators (Polish) GUS or EUROSTAT. Closer look at indicators of social cohesion monitored under this system were performed. As data availability compared to the indices for Switzerland and the EU countries, in particular taking into account the values for Poland. It was found that some of MONET indicators, as far as the monitoring of social cohesion in the framework of sustainable development is concerned, have no counterparts neither within EUROSTAT nor within GUS systems.

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Relacje paradygmatu rozwoju trwałego z kategorią jakości życia

Author(s): Marcin Łuszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Despite rising criticism of using GDP as a measure of social welfare, lack of an alternative method causes this purely economic indicator to remain the key parameter for assessments and international comparisons. Developing a universal methodology for measuring the quality of life is thus a serious challenge for both academics and practitioners. According to the author, the strong relationship between the new development paradigm and the quality of life stems directly from the very definition of sustainable development. Firstly, on the basis of the Brundtland Report and the Rio Declaration, it can be concluded that sustainable development is a development that provides satisfaction, fulfils needs and achieves a high quality of life in modern society without prejudice to the possibility of meeting the needs of future generations. Secondly, the idea of sustainable development based on integrated governance closely corresponds to the holistic nature of the quality of life. It can therefore be concluded that the implementation of the principles of sustainable development is synonymous with aspirations to a high quality of life and partial indicators describing sustainable development can successfully be used to gauge the quality of life.

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Koncepcja doboru wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju Polski oraz narzędzie ich udostępniania i prezentacji

Author(s): Aleksandra Balas,Anna Molenda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The paper presents the assumptions used in work on a set of sustainable development indicators, criteria for the selection of indicators, and the adopted concept of their grouping by domains and areas, as well as information concerning Sustainable Development Indicators Database as a tool for sharing and presentation of indicators. The material includes an updated set of sustainable development indicators for Poland. The author also offers an outline of future work on monitoring the sustainable development of the country.

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Wybrane informacyjne problemy definiowania zrównoważonego i trwałego rozwoju

Author(s): Stanisław Czaja,Agnieszka Becla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Defining of the basic notions is an important problem of the modern theory of economics. What is particularly significant is the creation of a common language whose elements will be acceptable for the scientific community, useful in practice, and sufficiently precise from the cognitive and methodological points of view. This paper presents the main stages of the debate which introduced the category of 'balanced and steady development' into the Polish literature. The debate has lasted since the 1980s and was triggered by the widespread use of the English phrase 'sustainable development'. The main aspects of the disputes which accompanied the rise of the concept are also discussed, particularly those related to its semantic and cognitive dimensions. Specific informative challenges connected not only with the notion of 'balanced and steady development' itself, but also with the cognitive and implementation issues, especially as regards the quantification of this category (important from the viewpoint of collecting relevant statistical data) and the modelling of this type of development. The use of mathematical language that is prevalent in the contemporary economics poses new challenges for every such category. They concern above of all the methods and the precision of measurement, as well as more general matters associated with the nature of described relationships. From the practical point of view, the main challenges include those connected with the costs of obtaining appropriate information in the context of their credibility, currentness, completeness, and relevance, as well as the accompanying threats of redundancy and information noise.

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Съвременната култура пред нови ценностни ориентири

Author(s): Nikoleta Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2010

Contemporary culture, viewed as specific „social code”, preserving the various forms of human activity, behaviour and communication and handing them down from generation to generation, today faces serious trials. The basic values of technogenic civilization, shaped up after the New Times, are greatly modified in the culture of Modernity (the end of the XIXth and the XXth century). The confrontation of culture and civilization has led to a crisis in values, most strongly reflected in the conflict between „the two cultures”, that is in breaking the balance between the humanities and art, on the one hand, and the mathematized natural science knowledge, on the other. This loss of the „spiritual principle” (to quote A. Camus) in European culture set new landmarks for values in the time of postmodernism (the end of the XXth and the beginning of the XXIst century). We are witnessing the birth of an alternative cultural project for the future, in which the dialogue between cultures plays the role of a means for civilizational development.

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