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KOUZLO STARÝCH POHLEDNIC KE KRITICKÉ METODOLOGII INTERPRETACE POPULÁRNÍHO HISTORIOGRAFICKÉHO ŽÁNRU

Author(s): Jan Seidl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2020

This article focuses on a critical analysis of a corpus of books featuring antique postcards of the Liberec region (Czech Republic) which were re-published in the last 20 years. The author studies this empirical material in connection to the local identities formation in a region with a complex modern history. Methodologically, he builds on a phenomenologically oriented theory of a place as a focus of individually ascribed meanings. He approaches postcards as signs with a distinguishable signifier and signified. He describes the genre paradigm of these books, palpable in their common features regarding the choice and ordering of postcards and in the ways their editors formulate their comments to individual reproductions. He argues that in cases of old postcards with German-language inscriptions, which are dominant in this region, the genre paradigm of these books makes it impossible that account be fully taken of the distinctive, unique features captured in these postcards (and thus an important layer of their meaning). Finally, the author calls for an alternative model of interpretation that could be applied to these sources and that would produce historical knowledge of a different nature.

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Socialistické město v poválečné Evropě jako urbánní typ(ologie)

Author(s): Kimberly E. Zarecor / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2018

Socialist cities during their design, construction, and expansion have mostly been studied as an expression of the socialist system itself, directly linked to the political fate of the Communist Parties in power. This article revisits the concept of socialist city and argues for the validity of the term both historically and in the present. Looking qualitatively at this distinct European urban typology, two analytical frameworks are offered, infrastructural thinking and the socialist scaffold. The text demonstrates that the universal aspiration for socialist cities was their continuous operation as synchronized instruments of economic production and social transformation in physical space. Distinct from capitalist cities, they had an ideological role in an economic model that instrumentalized cities as nodes in an integrated system or ‘single entity’, a term borrowed from Stephen Kotkin. The agency of the socialist scaffold has continued into the era of neoliberalism, shown here to have previously unexplored roots in socialism.

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Jak Rosja walczy z „tęczową zarazą”, czyli dyskurs anty-queer we współczesnej rosyjskiej przestrzeni kulturowej

Author(s): Anna Świetlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This article is an attempt to outline the anti-queer discourse in the contemporary Russian cultural space. The analysis focuses mainly on the film Firebird (Жар-птица), which is a very rare example of queer cinema aimed at a wide Russian audience. In order to indicate the features of the homophobic policy of the authorities towards cultural representations of queer issues, the author references research conducted in the field of social sciences and certain press materials devoted to the premiere of the film. The analysis proves that, despite the intensely promoted (both in political and cultural spheres) anti-homosexual policy, the mass consciousness of the Russian audience was more liberal than it was perceived (at least to a certain extent), and the actions taken by the authorities and politicians did not bring expected results.

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SERIAL JAKO MEDIUM EDUKACYJNE, CZYLI MŁODZIEŻ I RODZINA W SERIALACH „EUFORIA” I „13 POWODÓW”

Author(s): Martyna Płowuszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 66/2022

Popular culture surrounds us all and becomes an indispensable part of our lives, which is why it is important to conduct research in this field. The article is based on two series dedicated to youth, Euforia and 13 Reasons Why. In this text, I described the educational potential of popular culture, introduced the phenomenon of the series and mentioned these types. Moreover, I included information about what attracts the viewer to this type of audiovisual messages. The dominant topic in this analysis of the series is the intra-family relations of young people. I described parenting styles, relationships in adolescent families, family types, conflict issues in families, and the trust and autonomy of adolescents. The crucial important issue of social, emotional and spiritual orphanage was raised, too.

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REFERENCES OF THE ROMANIAN DOCUMENTARY FILM

Author(s): Raluca Iulia Bancos / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

In the present paper, we aimed to carry out a theoretical study about points of references of the Romanian documentary film in time. We consider this study will be useful to specialized literature, as it helps to better understand eastern documentary film and its specifics and also to documentary producers. In time, Romanian documentary film was used as a scientific tool, informative media product, artistic product or as an ideological instrument. This variety gave documentary filmmakers the opportunity to improve their cinematic style, until nowadays, when we can mention the first Oscar nominations for a Romanian documentary film. When we talk about European cinema, we talk about many ideological influences, but somehow, the Romanian documentary managed to draw its unique path and represent in its images values and facts in our society.

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METROPOLITAN VENIAMIN COSTACHI'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SUPPORT OF ROMANIAN MUSIC

Author(s): Mirela Beguni / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

Within the prodigious activity of Metropolitan Veniamin Costachi to support Romanian culture, the one in the sphere of ecclesiastical music stands out, through various actions: the establishment of schools of church singers, specialty printed works, the adoption of the Chrysanthos' reform, the translation of texts into Romanian and the adaptation of the melody to the sonorities of the national language - especially by changing the system of cadences and by removing Greek and Turkish influences - thus contributing to the development and romanianzation of Orthodox cult in the Romanian Principalities.

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NON-MEGALITHIC ”ARCHITECTURE” OF NEOLITHIC ON THE EUROPEAN TERRITORY: SETTLEMENTS AND BUILDINGS, ASSEMBLIES OF FORTIFICATIONS

Author(s): Ioana-Iulia Olaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

It is about Neolithic sites and buildings (houses) – in this article, we will return to a period which is previous to the birth of Architecture as an artistic field. As a geographic area, the European one is our target, having its specificity and also its similarities with the phenomenon that happened in the Asian territory of those times. We will see how the expansion of communities and especially the sedentariness of hunters-pickers will ask for the appearance of territorial organization, and also the habit of fortifying sites, and also the spring of a true science regarding building one’s dwelling house – the centre of activities and of the entire life of Neolithic man. Except for the megalithic monuments, what is specific to this period is also the bordering areas which closed settlements, having a ceremony role or a fortification role, while others had a funerary role.

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ICONOGRAPHY – ART OF DEPTH

Author(s): Mihaela Alieta Mircea (Petrovan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

Orthodox iconography, as an expressionist art with deep meaning, aims not only at the senses, but primarily at the spirit. People began to notice that the essence of iconographic art is not limited to colors, that is, to the light impressions that the eye receives, but focuses on the "inner perfection" and "artistic expression" of a deep experience and the reality of life, in the revelation of the truth. Iconography is a branch of art that mainly deals with the transmission of the evangelical message and certain doctrinal ideas or concepts, through the symbols and signs used. In addition to understanding theological meaning and significance, iconography also speaks to a large extent about certain techniques used, while reflecting the historical periods and cultures from which the iconographic works originate. The depth of the iconography thus becomes the main characteristic of the content of an Orthodox icon. Its purpose is to leave a persistent and consistent imprint on the psyche rather than a brief and fleeting impression on the senses.

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A DOCUMENT FROM THE OLTENIA MUSEUM COLLECTIONS RELATED TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Author(s): Cristian-Iulian Ceacîru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

In the collections of the History-Archaeology Section of the Oltenia Museum, Craiova, there is a typewritten document called "Autobiography". In it, the officer Gheorghe Dragu gives details of his career up to the First World War and his activity during the conflagration. This document is a valuable source of information on the battles fought by the 55th Infantry Regiment in 1916-1917.

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MYTHOLOGICAL HEROES IN GLUCK'S OPERA LIBRETTOS. CASE STUDY: IPHIGENIA IN AULIS

Author(s): Ionela-Cristina BOTOȘINEANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

The evolution of music in 18th century France was moving towards the form of the court aria, characterized as cult music compared to the folk songs. The supremacy of music in French opera put the libretto on the second place, being mostly disregarded by the composer. Most opera librettos were aimed at entertaining people. The French scene was dominated by balls, parties, celebrations. The arrival in France of the German composer Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck (1714-1787) radically altered these realities. The French moment of his biography is unanimously considered by the critics as the first reform of classical music. The subject of the present study is how this reform occurred in the field of French opera, by changing the dialogue between librettist and composer, including the relationship between the dramatized text and the composed music. In this respect, I separated the works composed by Gluck in France, based on the texts of his librettist Bland du Roullet, during the years 1774-1779. The opera tragedy, Iphigenia in Aulis, is the work that I have particularly studied. It is the first of the five works through which the composer dominated the French stage, April 1774, being the time when it was put on stage for the first time, this being the founding landmark in the history of French opera as confirmed by the contemporaries. Coming back to ancient model, Gluck gave new a force to the characters' experiences, which he evacuated from the political situations or those specific to entertainment. Thus, he restored to some classical drama figures, features such as the nobility, grace or courage of the classic characters of the drama.

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JEŚĆ CZY NIE JEŚĆ? PYTANIE NASZYCH CZASÓW

Author(s): Dorota Chabrajska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

“To be or not to be – that is the question,” said Hamlet, summing up in his famous monologue the great questions that in the history of mankind have justified the existence of philosophy: those about being and non-being, about cognition and the accompanying reflection and the norm of morality determining the rules of decent conduct. Hamlet's dilemmas turn out to be so universal that they constantly return in various ways in the texts of culture, both in literature or film as well as in the history of ideas, taking the form of both direct and highly indirect references. However, the thought arises that Hamlet's monologue and the famous question would not be possible if it were not for philosophical questions as such, which people - consciously or unconsciously - have been asking since the beginning of time, and which in Western culture were for the first time unequivocally formulated in philosophy. and Greek. The Greeks asked primarily about the principle of reality, about the cause of being as such, about why there is something rather than nothing, and they tried to develop a system explaining the structure of reality, as well as to define the good and the meaning of morally good action.

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WIDOWISKA PRZESZŁOŚCI I PRÓBY ZALECZENIA „ZBIOROWEJ AMNEZJI” TEATR PODZIEMNY POEZJI STANU WOJENNEGO

Author(s): Michał Łukowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

In the article an attempt has been made to present the results of research on the so far unexplored Teatr Podziemny Poezji Stanu Wojennego [The Underground Theater of Martial-Law-Poetry] founded by Stanisław Olejniczak during the time of martial law in Poland (1981–1983) and its ways of staging the past. The beginnings and the overall history of that venture have been presented with a focus on its unusual method of keeping the memory of signifi cant historical events and on its social resonance both in the past and today. The methodology of “rescue history” has been applied throughout the paper, making it possible to describe and validate the collected material which comprises memories of some participants of the past events in question. The artistic activity of the Underground Theater of Martial-Law-Poetry is analyzed as performances of remembrance aimed at curing a “collective amnesia.”

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Zachowania gestyczne i wrażenia olfaktoryczne literackich i filmowych transbohaterów

Author(s): Anna Kujawska-Kot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2022

The article deals with the problem of non-verbal forms of gender identity communication by transsexual characters. The aspects of pretransition and transition, such as the gestural behavior and the manifestation of one’s psychological sex by the selection of the right smell, were usually placed on the margins of scientific inquiry. However, properly selected literary and film fragments may serve as appropriate research material to present such issues as the role of gestures, facial expressions, ways of walking, the meaning of micro-movements of the face, and the choice of perfumes. The paper attempts to answer how the gestures, facial expressions, ways of walking, and even the choice of perfume of transsexual characters shape gender (re)presentation in public space as well as what functions play gestural behaviors, facial micro-movements, and perfumes in the non-verbal communication of transwomen’s and transmen’s gender identity. In the study of cultural texts, a montage technique was used. It appears that in the process of self-creation and the representation of their gender identity, the characters give important meanings to various trifles. Textualizing themselves, transwomen and transmen often fetishize their own faces; and on the other hand, experiencing their own faces can astonish with subtlety and synesthetic character. Intentionally selected gestural behaviors and perfumes are embedded in their bodytext to mark gender affiliation. Although these choices refer to the stereotypical body language of a woman or man and their smell, they do not have pejorative overtones. The ontic status of the stereotype is changing. It becomes an inspiration, a signpost, and a vehicle for communication.

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DOBRUDJAN LANDSCAPE ON THE PERMANENT EXHIBITION SIMES OF TULCEA ART MUSEUM

Author(s): Gabriela RADU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Dobrogea, through the unique landscape, through the light and chromatics of the surrounding nature and through the exotic aspect of the inhabitants, constantly changing, amazes and attracts painters. The Tulcea Art Museum highlights works inspired by the beauty of the Dobrudjan area. Dobrogea is the space that manages to imprint itself in the creations of Romanian artists. These works have become a definition of the surrounding space. The visitor, after contemplating nature, can rediscover it in the space of the Tulcea Art Museum. The article includes brief presentations of artists and their works that have Dobrogea as inspiration.

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Negative Impact of Stardom on Child Artists in the Entertainment Sector

Author(s): SHARVIN VATS,AMIT YADAV / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The last decades of the 20th century saw a dramatic expansion of economic liberalisation in Indian film and television industry. The stellar rise of the business has enticed the youth to engage and utilise this platform to exhibit their creative ability. The rise of young artists appearing on reality television and in feature films has sparked a variety of concerns. The article aims at discussing issue of the negative impacts of stardom on child performers in the entertainment industry, focusing specifically on the violation of their fundamental and other rights because of the nature of the employment in the film and television industry.

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Spirala i amplituda. Dialektyka sztuki

Author(s): Cezary Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article presents a certain dialectic of art, the dialectic developed on the basis of such concepts as essence, potentiality, completeness, sense and phenomenon. The completeness of art is hereby understood as the maximum actualisation of its potential, the pretence of art would be therefore something, in which the potentiality of art isn’t elaborated on. What would be the sense of art then? It would be the process of certain actualisation of art potentiality. The history of art then presents itself as the amplitude whose extents are drawn by the level of the actualisation of that potentiality; from the pretence of art to the appearance of immanence, the epiphanic experience of the omni-completeness. This might have been the most maximalist vision of art, which can be found, for example, in Schiller, Schelling, Heidegger or Chögyam Trungpa.We can also imagine a different variant of dialectic of art, in which its story would have unfolded in form of a spiral. The history of art would then have been driven by the need for the realisation of its telos. It would have been the achievement of complete sense of art inherent to its concept, which may be derived from Hegel’s aesthetics.Can this spiral and this amplitude be intersecting? And if so, how could this affect understanding of art? It seems that the dialectic form of spiral provides art with the terminological integrity, the possibility of its nominal creation, whereas the form of amplitude reinforces art as the epiphany of omni-completeness. Finally, the art would be the form of energy flow on the certain horizon, horizon of art; the form of flow into its condensation points of completeness; and the moments of transparency of this eternal flow…

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Teatralność troski. Spektakl Kochana Wisełko, Najdroższy Zbyszku jako egzemplifikacja feministycznej etyki troski

Author(s): Monika Machowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This article undertakes an attempt to prove validity of the claim that the play Kochana Wisełko, Najdroższy Zbyszku can be seen as an exemplification of feminist ethics of care, especially in reference to its interpretation by the theorist Nel Noddings. The methodological tools used, include the textual analysis of the script as well as the adaptation of phenomenological approach. The categories of a general assessment introduced alongside this reflection are as follows: relationality and receptivity, as well as the practice of empathy, care, understanding and attunement to other people’s needs. The article proved the adequacy of the assumption that the aforementioned categories had been expressed in the play and that they can be clearly ascertained in its reception by the viewers.

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NDRYSHIMI I HAPËSIRËS SË INTERPRETIMIT DHE I AUDIENCËS: INDIVIDUAL NË SKENIK

Author(s): Leontina Gega-Musa / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

Folkloric creativity, expressed through recognized artistic forms, used to have a specific performance in time and space, and in front of a specific audience. Due to a multitude of factors, and as a result of social and technological development in the society, nowadays,one cannot find the former oral communication of folklore as it used to be within the uneducated layers of the population. Traditional folklore, but also the one recreated based on the former forms, nowadays distributed within a new communication horizon, through various audiovisual and technological forms, has influencedcreation of new and different relationships between a receiver/recipient and a creator/reproducer, unlike those that once existed. On the other hand, presentation of folklore as part of the cultural heritage is being increasingly used to promote traditional culture in the cultural industry through folklore festivals, which as cultural events in the Albanian culture have a relatively long tradition of organization. Based on the references of the researchers who have dealt with this issue, this paper aims at emphasizing what time-space-audience relationship used to be in folkloric performances, what are the factors that influenced change in this relationship today, as well as how much and to what extent hasthe functional aspect of the spiritual creativity changed by putting on stage such performances in folklore festivals and its relationship with the audience.

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NDIHMESË E RE NGA ALBIN SADIKU NË FUSHËN E ETNOMUZIKOLOGJISË

Author(s): Zymer Ujkan Neziri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

Review of: Albin Sadiku, Roli, funksioni dhe përdorimi i sharkisë në Kosovë, Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2020, 309 faqe, ISBN 978-9951-24-114-4)

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IN MEMORIAM Lahutari i Shkrelit SADIK RAMA – HARABADAJ 1943-2021

Author(s): Zymer Ujkan Neziri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

In memoriam to Sadik Rama Harabdaj

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