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From the Post-colonial to the Intercultural – Are Genuine Intercultural Dialogues Feasible?

Author(s): Yun-shiuan (Viola) Chen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Professor Peters’ keynote paper at the 42nd Annual Conference of the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia (PESA) in 2012 provides the basis for this essay which maintains that the discursive trends from the post-colonial to the intercultural reflect the desire at the policy level to grapple with the increasingly complex interactions between different groups. Nevertheless, the failure to explicitly address uneven positions and dynamisms interwoven by (geo-)political and economic factors among groups prevents the attainment of the goals that dominant policies advocating intercultural dialogues seek to achieve.

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Makedonské regionální skupiny. Problémy klasifikace, etnonym a kolektivních identit

Author(s): Helena Bočková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The author deals with the history and present situation of Macedonian regional ethnocultural groups. She compares the studies on these topics in the Macedonian national ethnology with the studies in the Czech, Slovak and Bulgarian ethnology. For the regional groups the ethnology used and uses variety of terms, which differ in the diverse national traditions, and all of them have their own historical development. The shift of various terms (tribe, ethnographic group, subethnical group, regional group, ethnocultural group, ethnic group) is accompanied by a change in the interpretation. The conception of regional groups as ethnic subgroups leads nowadays to a new interest in them. Regional groups are delimited by a collective identity, an awareness of dissimilarity and by an ethnonym. Nowhere on the Earth they are a nation, they are smaller than a nation, they differ in a specific characteristic from the surroundings and geographically they cover the area from several localities to a macroregion. On the Balkans their main features are incoherence caused by the migration and heterogeneity caused by the Balkan‘s multiethnicity and multiculturality. Hence these groups were not of the same importance in a cultural characteristic of the regions in the Balkan countries as e.g. in Moravia. In multiethnic Macedonia, one or two regional groups, several ethnic minorities and members of the majority usually lived next to each other. Among the Macedonian regional groups we count particularly Torbeshes and Gorani in the large region of Sharr Mountains, who differ mainly in a religious way (Islam), while they keep a genetic language affinity with their parent ethnic group. On the basis of ethnonym, identity and language and culture specifics four other groups can be delimited: Brsjaks, Mijaks, Shopi, Mrvaks. During the 20th century a majority of these groups was split by new political borders into the new Balkan states. The identities of the members of the regional groups were made complicated by a spreading of modern national identities: the regional and national identities either became hierarchical or they got into a conflict. They were also influenced by national agitations from outside. Therefore some of these groups or parts of them consider themselves or they are considered as Bulgarian, Serbian or Albanian. On the multiethnic Central Balkans individuals or parts of the regional groups chose and choose various strategies of determination their identities.

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Метафора экзистенциального кризиса в контексте миграции (анализ медиадискурса и политического дискурса)

Author(s): Nikoleta Mertová / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The study is an analysis of the metaphor of an existential crisis in the context of migration, which in recent months’ profiles in the position of the central themes of the current political and media discourse at European level and in the Slovak and Russian language environments. The author focuses on the phenomena of constructing and validating their own ethnic identity, "his and our", in contrast to the category of "foreign" clearly negative connote through new social and political experience - migration of population. Negativism as a distinctive feature of understanding of the migrant population is presented through such nominations that evoke pressure (obligatory quota, psychology of the population), pressure (migrants as army, migrants as insects, migrants like animals), threat (physical - hunt the people, violence and aggression), differences of opinion and differences (moral code, religiosity, label) etc.

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The place of Russian in the linguistic identity structure of a modern Ukrainian

Author(s): Olena Polovynko,Tetyana Shcheglova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the factors that have influence on the linguistic identity formation of a modern Ukrainian. This article attempts to describe the language situation in Ukraine. On one hand, even after the independence proclamation and assertion of status of Ukrainian as the state language, a considerable part of population continues to speak Russian. On the other hand, restriction of the spheres of Russian usage, and insufficient Ukrainian language competence of representatives from various professional fields has led to the the promotion of a general expansion of a phenomenon known as surzhyk. One of the spheres of living, where Ukrainian takes the main position during independence on the territory of almost all state, is the sphere of education. Although, a consequence of this situation in many cases is pupils’ passive mastery of Ukrainian. Even after attempts of realizing serious state educational programs, we realistically do not have hopes to increase the level of Ukrainian mastery. At secondary schools Ukrainian is studied as a subject, but, according to the poll, taken by our scientists, it doesn’t influence on the quality and quantity of communication in Ukrainian in private and public life. Ukrainians of different ages, members of various social groups, and residents of some regions participated in the poll. This poll is empiric base of the given research. One of the results of this poll is that most respondents’ recognized the irrationality of the removal of Russian as a compulsory language from school curriculum. The poll results have helped to determine the peculiarities of linguistic identity of representatives of different generations, and show tendencies to form linguistic identity of Ukrainian pupils.

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Türkiye’deki Mülteci Çocukları için Kültürlerarası Eğitim Modeli

Author(s): Ulaş Sunata / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç ve mülteci arka planlı çocuk ve gençler dünya nüfusunun önemli bir kesimini oluşturuyor. Son beş yıldır yaşanılan mülteci kriziyle, Türkiye’deki ilgili çocukların boyutu çarpıcı biçimde artmıştır. Türkiye’de Suriye’den gelen ve geçici koruma altında olanların Türkiye nüfusuna oranı yüzde üçü geçmiştir. Bazı bölge ve şehirlerde bu oran yüzde 20, hatta bir şehirde yüzde 50’yi geçmektedir. Bu durum önemli demografik değişime sebep vermiştir: Suriyeli mültecilerle birlikte daha genc bir nüfus. Yarısı 19 yaş altı olan yeni mülteci nüfusun başat ihtiyacının eğitim olduğu açıktır. İltica arka planlı bir çocuğun eğitime adaptasyonu özel bir durumdur. Bu bildiri; sosyal içerleme ilkesiyle her çocuğun iyi kalitede eğitime erişim hakkı temeline saygıyla Türkiye’deki okul sisteminde kültürlerarası eğitim imkanlarının düzenlenmesi ve çoğaltılması üzerine olacaktır.

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BÖLÜM II GÖÇ, KİMLİK ve DİASPORA - Beşeri Sermaye Kaynağı Olarak Diaspora: Almanya’da Yaşayan Nitelikli Türk Diasporası Üzerine Bir Saha Çalışması

Author(s): Atakan Durmaz,Adem Kalça / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye’nin 2005-2015 yılları arasındaki ekonomik performansına bakıldığında, reel GSYH’nin yaklaşık yıllık ortalama %4 arttığı, kamu borç stokunun %67,7’den %36,3’e gerilediği, bütçe açığının %10’dan %3’ün altına düştüğü ve kişi başına düşen milli gelirinin 4.565 ABD dolarından 9.177 ABD dolarına çıktığı görülmektedir. Aynı dönemde ihracat gelirlerinin 47 milyar ABD dolarından 152 milyar ABD dolarına, turizm gelirlerinin ise 14 milyar ABD dolarından 31,465 milyar ABD dolarına ulaşmıştır. Bu durum Türkiye’yi Avrupa Birliği Bölgesi’ndeki 6. büyük ekonomi, dünyanın ise 17. büyük ekonomisi konumuna gelmiştir. Son dönemlerde ekonomi alanında gösterilen bu ilerlemenin ardından Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, kuruluşunun 100. Yılında denk gelen 2023 yılında dünyanın en büyük 10. ve Avrupa’nın en büyük 3. ekonomisi olma hedefini belirlemiştir. Bu doğrultuda milli gelirini 2 trilyon dolara, kişi başına düşen milli gelirini 25 bin dolara ve ihracatını da 500 milyar dolara çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Ancak ülkenin mevcut üretim stratejisini değerlendiren bilim insanları ve politika yapıcılar mevcut üretim sistemiyle belirlenen hedeflerin yakalanmasının son derece zor olduğunu belirtmekte ve ülkenin önündeki en önemli sorunun ARGE yatırımlarındaki ve bilgi üretimindeki yetersizlik ve üretilen bilginin ticarileştirilememesi olduğunu savunmaktadırlar.

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Göçmenlerin Almanca Yabancı Dil Ders Kitaplarında Uluslara göre Ele Alınış Biçimleri ve Sıklık Oranları

Author(s): Cihan Aydoğu,Gönül Karasu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

1950’li yıllarda ve öncesinde henüz resmileşmeyen göçler gerçekleşirken 30 Ekim 1961 yılında Bad Godesberg’de Almanya ve Türkiye arasında gerçekleşen iş gücü göçü antlaşması ile göçler resmi bir boyut kazanmıştır. Avusturya ise Türkiye ile İşgücü Göçü Tedarik Anlaşmasını 1964’de imzalamıştır. Gelen işgücü ilk yıllarda ve takip eden yıllarda Avusturya’da öncelikle inşaat sektöründe, bunu takiben montaj sanayi ve tekstil sektöründe istihdam edilmiştir (Soytürk, 2012, s.2319-2320). Almanya ise gelen işgücünü “imalat, madencilik, inşaat ve hizmet” (Dağhan, 2012, s.55) sektöründe değerlendirmiştir. İlerleyen zaman içerisinde ilk göç edenlerin ikinci kuşağını oluşturan çocukları, dayatılan işlerin yerine artık kendi tercihlerini yapmak istiyorlardı. Dolayısıyla “Gastarbeiter” kavramı 1970’lerde tartışma konusu olmaya başlamıştı. “Ausländische Mitbürger” kavramı 1080’lerde ortaya atılmışsa da bugün artık “Arbeitsmigranten”, “Migranten” ve “Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund” kavramlarını görmekteyiz. “Arbeitsmigranten” az gelişmiş ülkelerden sanayi ağırlıklı şehirlerde işçi olarak çalışan kesime karşılık gelirken, “Migranten” Almanya’da doğmuş ve sınırsız oturma hakkı olan ikinci kuşağa karşılık gelmektedir.

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Субкултурни начини на живот в гр. Пловдив

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article aims to present the first results of an anthropological fieldwork carried out in 2012 in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The investigation studies youth subcultures in times of transition. The main carrier of the subculture nowadays is the generation of those born in the late 80's and early 90's. This generation builds its identity in the years of political and economic transition and faces problems that are unknown to the previous generations. The main research interest is focused on the stylistic orientations, ideologies, norms of behavior, and political beliefs of the post-transitional generation.

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Struggle against ISIS and the Integration of Arab territories in the Autonomous Administration

Author(s): Wladimir van Wilgenburg / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) was formed in September 2018 (Wilgenburg 2018). The administration includes Arab majority areas such as Manbij, Raqqa, parts of Deir al-Zor province and Kurdish towns of northern Syria (Reuters 2018). Although the People’s Protection Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Gel - YPG) initially only controlled Kurdish majority towns such as Derik, Efrin, Kobani and Amuda in 2012(Reuters 2012), the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spearheaded by the YPG by 2018 already controlled a quarter of the country (Reuters 2018). This essay will explain how the project of the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the YPG initially had a more Kurdish focus on Rojava (West Kurdistan1) but increasingly focused on gaining a more ‘Syrian focus’ after the integration of Arab territories in the autonomous project from 2013 to 2019 during the fight against ISIS. As a result, the YGP became the SDF, and the Democratic Union Party (PYD) became the SDC. Also, the geographical focus changed from Rojava to the northeast of Syria.

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The European Capital of Culture Programme and Sustainable Development in a Cross-border Region Case Study

Author(s): Ilie Rădoi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For the first time since 1985, the title of ECoC for 2021 had been won by two cities being so close from a geographical point of view. It is a great opportunity for Timișoara and Novi Sad to shape together a region of culture and, meanwhile, to boost cooperation at European and international level. Sustainability is also about a cultural dimension, which has to do with cultural diversity, the cultural vibrancy of a place, cooperation and with preserving and promoting cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to identify cultural mechanisms, tools and models that support sustainability in a cross-border region, in the context of ECoC programme. The ultimate goal is to make the local population from Timișoara and Novi Sad surroundings aware of the cultural diversity in Europe and to increase cooperation between the two neighbouring countries.

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Predgovor

Author(s): Rifat Škrijelj / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Povodom obilježavanja dvadeset pete godišnjice genocida nad Bošnjacima u „sigurnoj zoni“ Ujedinjenih nacija Srebrenica i oko nje, 19. oktobra 2020. godine u Sarajevu (Vijećnica) održana je Međunarodna naučna konferencija pod nazivom “GENOCID NAD BOŠNJACIMA, SREBRENICA 1995–2020: Uzroci, razmjere i posljedice“ u organizaciji četiri obrazovno-naučne institucije: Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Univerziteta u Tuzli, Instituta za istraživanje zločina protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava Univerziteta u Sarajevu i Instituta za historiju Univerziteta u Sarajevu. Događaji u Srebrenici i oko nje od 6. do 19. jula 1995. godine, bez obzira na mnogobrojne pokušaje, neprevodivi su na jezik stvarnosti koju poznajemo. Kao čovječanstvo naivno smo vjerovali da se poslije Aušvica i holokausta nigdje, nikada i nikome ne može dogoditi genocid takvih razmjera, da su za samo nekoliko dana ugašena nasilnom smrću 8372 ljudska života, a ugašena su samo zato što su imala drugačiji etnički i vjerski identitet. To nam govori da ljudski rod kroz historiju u moralnom pogledu od Drugog svjetskog rata i pobjede nad fašizmom nije nimalo napredovao. [...]

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Genocid nad Bošnjacima Srebrenice

Author(s): Alma Hajrić-Ćaušević,Almir Grabovica / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

During the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), the most serious form of crime against humanity and international law was committed against Bosniaks - genocide, which was confirmed by the Hague Tribunal for Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice. According to previous findings, court practice and scientific research, genocide in all its five acts (Article two of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide from 1948) was committed in and around Srebrenica. In this paper, we will present all the most important events, ie the chronology of the genocide from July 11, 1995 to July 22, 1995. It is important to point out that what happened in Srebrenica in July 1995 has been strategically planned and announced since 1992, and gradually realized in the years that followed. Unfortunately, gaining the status of a UN safe zone on April 16, 1993, did not help Bosniaks in Srebrenica either. Between 11 and 22 July 1995, the Republika Srpska Armed Forces and Police, in co-operation with units from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republika Srpska Krajina, and foreign mercenaries, in accordance with Greater Serbia ideology, policy and practice, and the occupation of the United Nations safe zone of Srebrenica, forcibly relocated all Bosniak women and children and captured, imprisoned and executed thousands of men and boys and buried them in mass graves in secret places. In that period, the largest mass murder in Europe after the Second World War took place, while the “international community” did nothing to stop the commission of crimes by monstrous methods. We believe that it is important to point out the genocide and other crimes committed in the period from 1992 to 1995 in different ways on a daily basis, all with the aim that they would never and nowhere be repeated. In this regard, we decided to use this paper to point out chronologically the most important facts of the genocide of Bosniaks in and around Srebrenica in July 1995.

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Rat i nova politika identiteta

Author(s): Šaćir Filandra / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In the last war against Bosnia and Herzegovina, and as a result of the overall social and political transition, new identity policies were established within all the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the war, Bosniak elites did not have a designed and systematically implemented identity policy, but identity expressions and forms were largely spontaneous and contextual. This paper deals with only two segments of the new Bosniak cultural identity policy, namely the use of the term “martyr” and the phrase “victim ideology”, primarily from the aspect of their attitude towards the political identity of Bosniaks.

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Curating fields of memory. Reflections on "Forgotten Force. Polish Women in Second World War" project

Author(s): Olga Topol / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the Second World War hundreds of thousands of Poles were displaced because of the worldwide conflict. Many of those who lost their homes were women and children – after going through an ordeal of Soviet Gulags, they came to live in the United Kingdom. The paper follows an oral history project by the Piłsudski Institute of London which aimed to give voice to the women survivors who found themselves settling down in London after the war. This article demonstrates the practice of oral history, illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of the project by describing its multidisciplinary character.

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ADAPTATION OF VIETNAMESE MIGRANTS TO SOCIAL CHANGES

Author(s): Miroslava Hlinčíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Bratislava, one of the less globally interconnected cities before 1989, is being gradually transformed into a more cosmopolitan European city as a result of developing capitalism and Slovakia joining the European Union. The choice of restaurants and the offer of various foodstuffs and goods in Bratislava are much wider today than in the past. People can visit many “ethnic” restaurants, and we can also observe an increasing number and range of shops with “exotic” food from Asia and the Middle East. It is not a problem anymore to buy rice noodles, sushi, or spices from all over the world. Kebab fast-food, sushi bars, Asian snack-bars, and Chinese restaurants became a visible part of the public space. The transformation after 1989 and the subsequent social change affected to a various degree all layers of the population which adapted to the new living conditions. In this context, the change also affected migration between Vietnam and Czechoslovakia which was previously developing under the guise of friendly socialist countries. Even before 1989, Vietnamese citizens pertained to the group of migrants who could enter the territory of the closed socialist Czechoslovakia and their mobility was supported by both countries. The way the fall of socialism affected the lives and strategies of migrants living in Czechoslovakia in the breakthrough period are described in their individual stories that I sought to present in this study.

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Limite ştiinţifice şi politice în problema identităţii moldovenilor

Author(s): Sergiu Matveev / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Odată cu încorporarea, în urma tratatului de pace ruso-turc din 1812, a teritoriilor româneşti dintre Prut şi Nistru, Rusia ţaristă a manifestat un interes deosebit pentru studierea specificului populaţiei locale. Motivaţia acestor cercetări, efectuate în bună parte de militari şi/sau agenţi ai serviciilor de securitate ruseşti, era înţelegerea realităţilor locale pentru a putea modela un discurs în care tema „eliberării creştinilor” de sub dominaţia turcă urma să joace un rol eminent. Astfel Rusia ţaristă căuta să-şi legitimeze noile acaparări teritoriale şi interesul imperialist pentru strâmtorile Mării Negre. Primele lucrări despre teritoriul numit de ruşi Basarabia, scrise de ofiţeri, au început să apară la Sankt Petersburg sub formă de dări de seamă, rapoarte etc. Despre atenţia acordată de guvernul rus acestor informaţii ne vorbeşte şi faptul că o bună parte din ele nu au mai ajuns să fie publicate, fiind păstrate pentru uz intern.

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Ştergare din regiunea Dunării de Jos: tradiţii şi inovaţii

Author(s): Viaceslav G. Kushnir / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Culturii etnice îi este proprie varietatea, caracteristică care este rezultatul acţiunii diverşilor factori. Este un proces natural al dezvoltării unui anume popor (ethnos). Totodată, fiecare variantă reprezintă o creaţie unică, întrucât aceasta se formează în condiţii specifice unui anume areal. Regiunea Dunării de Jos s-a constituit într-o arie transfrontalieră, pluriculturală şi multietnică din vremuri îndepărtate. Asemenea regiuni sunt numeroase în lume, însă zona Dunării de Jos este deosebită tocmai datorită faptului că este divizată de o mare „barieră” naturală – fluviul Dunărea.

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Koliko studenti katolici u BiH poznaju svoju, a koliko religiju svojih susjeda?

Author(s): Ivan Cvitković / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Religijska samoidentifikacija stanovnika Bosne i Hercegovine (popis 2013.). U Bosni i Hercegovini se ne susreću različite religije, već građani s različitim religijskim identitetima. Nakon rata 1991.-1995. trebalo je obnoviti međusobno porušene mostove. Zato je potrebno znanje i o sebi i svom religijskom identitetu, ali i o drugima i njihovim religijskim identitetima. U radu će biti riječi o tome koliko studenti katolici u Bosni i Hercegovini imaju znanja o svojoj religiji (katoličanstvu) i o religiji svojih susjeda (muslimana, pravoslavnih, židova). Da li se više razumijemo ili mrzimo, što se više poznajemo? O uzorku. Kako stoji s religioznošću studenata katolika (vjerska naobrazba; poznavanje abrahamskih religija; poznavanje najrasprostranjenije kršćanske molitve, najpoznatijeg kršćanskog blagdana; poznavanje simbola svoje religije). Analiza podataka o tome koliko studenti katolici poznaju svoju religiju. Može li se religioznost studenata mjeriti odlaskom u crkvu? Posjeduju li Bibliju; je li im poznato kako se nazivaju dva dijela Biblije; vjerovanje u Boga, dušu, zagrobni život, raj … Što znaju o Jeruzalemu, Deset zapovijedi, evanđeljima, franjevcima u BiH, religijskim vođama. Drugi dio rada analizira kako studenti katolici poznaju religiju svojih susjeda: poznavanje židovske religije, islama, pravoslavlja i ostalih religija u BiH. Što studenti katolici misle o ateistima? Pokazatelji (ne)uvažavanja različitosti. Iskustvo života s pripadnicima drugih religija. Kako katolike doživljavaju studenti muslimani, a kako studenti pravoslavci.

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Interpretacija odgovora ispitanika - pravoslavaca na postavljena pitanja na projektu "Koliko se poznajemo"

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

U odgovoru na postavljena pitanja sa stanovišta radnog statusa učestvovali su sljedeći ispitanici: zaposleni kod nekog (privatni, državni i javni sektor) ukupno 3,2 %; samostalno zaposleni ispitanici učestvuju sa 1,6 %; skupina nezaposlenih ispitanika učestvuje sa 12,7 %; poljoprivrednici, ribari, itd. učestvuju sa 8 %. Učenici i studenti su najbrojnija skupina ispitanika - ukupno 77,8 %. Umirovljenici/penzioneri kao ispitanici učestvuju sa 8 %, a onih koji se nisu izjasnili je bilo 3,2 %. Na pitanje da li ste pohađali vjersku pouku/vjeronauku odgovorilo je potvrdno 94,9 %, samo 4,4 % je odgovorilo da nisu pohađali vjeronauku, dok odgovor nisu dali njih 7 %. Na pitanje gdje su pohađali vjeronauku ispitanici su sa 100 % vrijednosti odgovorili da je to bilo u školi.

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Zaključak

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Što reći na kraju analize podataka? Studenti koji su se samoodredili kao vjernici, u daleko manjem broju participiraju svoju religiju (odlazak u džamiju/crkvu, obavljanje molitve…). Vidljiv je nezavidan nivo nepoznavanja drugih, osobito na narativna pitanja gdje je bilo potrebno upisati podatke poput simbola židovstva... pa su se kao odgovori mogli pročitati: petokraka, šestokraka, zid plača, hram plača, Solomonov hram, Adamova zvijezda, Tele.

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