Transitions Online_Around the Bloc- Uzbek Telecoms Bribery Case Opens in Sweden
Two telecoms have already paid big fines for handing out bribes worth some half-billion dollars to late Uzbek leader Karimov’s daughter.
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Two telecoms have already paid big fines for handing out bribes worth some half-billion dollars to late Uzbek leader Karimov’s daughter.
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Far Eastern vote marred by ballot-stuffing and other violations, elections chief says.
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For 28 years the privatization of commercial companies was done by signing secret contracts. In this way, the strategic objectives of national interest of the Romanian economy would be privatized "discreetly" in favor of foreign companies and at the expense of Romania.
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Corruption is one of the most harmful phenomena for economic, social and political life of a country, thereby affecting both democracy and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Forensic investigation of this crime is the primary step in sanctioning corruption offenses wrong approach this step is likely to generate unable to establish the truth by judicial organs.
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Il n’est pas facile à identifier le spectre de manifestation de la corruption. La corruption se trouve quelque part, entre réel et irréel, bien qu’elle soit très réelle, entre visible et invisible, entre surface et souterrain, généralement, dans une zone grise qui ne dit pas grande chose et qui, presque toujours, on ne la voit pas. La fluidité de ce phénomène fait celui-ci difficile à dépister. Il suive, pouvons le dire, un sort de philosophie du saut de fréquence, ainsi qu’on ne peut par l’identifier, le localiser est le viser.
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Starting from the realities of Romanian society and the imperative of international cooperation, one of the priority objectives should consider the Romanian government is to create the optimal legal and institutional framework for efficient fight against crime. Among the various manifestations of crime, corruption, democracy prejudice yourself, affecting citizen confidence in the fundamental values of the rule of law: the rule of law, justice, pursuit of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
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Corruption is one of the oldest and most disputed subjects of human relations. Unfortunately, where there are people, people's organizations, activity, organization and power, there is corruption. Corruption is closely related to the phenomenon of power, economic development, people's quality, lifestyle, character, organizational culture (and culture) and, above all, interest. Interest also generates the motif, the moon of human action, but also the reason and the motives of its perverting. Good and bad, legal and illegal, good faith and bad faith, even if they do not coexist, exist together in a permanent conflict, but also in an environment where it is sometimes difficult to distinguish one another. Against this background, corruption does not fade, but blooms. In fact, there is no state in the world to receive the 10th (ten) mark, ie the maximum value of Transparency International's corruption perception index (CPI) on this phenomenon, meaning its complete absence. More specifically, the phenomenon of corruption is part of human society, obviously, as one of its chronic diseases. There has been a great deal about this disease and the treatments that apply to it, but that phenomenon is far from being eradicated or even controlled in the most effective way.
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This paper aims to realize a synthesis on defining corruption phenomenon, what causes it and also the impact it has on the economy. Based on the causes that generates corruption such as lack of social control and regulation, low credibility of state institutions, weak influence norms have on individuals, tolerance manifested in law enforcement, the involvement of civil servants in illicit activities, we notice an impact not positive exerted by corruption against the economy. To highlight this impact of corruption phenomenon in Romania we have considered relevant the privatization of The Company of Radio Parts and Semiconductors Bǎneasa Privatization which caused large damage to Romanian economy, both financially and socially.
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The new Criminal Code of Romania has reshaped the institution of the public officer – as active subject of the offense and at the same time, has imposed much more requirements on its behavior. The extent that corruption has taken and the notification of the attitudes and behavior inconsistent with the status of the public officer have imposed the criminalization of some actions which, under the old penal code were outside of the criminal area, such as abuse of office in sexual purposes or usurping the function. At the same time, existing regulations were clarified to ensure their efficient implementation. The constitutive content of the offense of bribery was amended so as to include the act of receiving undue benefits, which had a separate criminalization in the previous legislation. gheorIt is necessary to observe what theoretical and practical consequences of these changes and new incrimination generate in relation to criminal offenses of service.
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An article the philosophical basis of the problem of corruption analyzed. This shows that the principles of corruption based on mental characteristics and philosophical attitudes conditioned by culture and history. The experience of Poles, who have close psychological characteristics with Ukrainians and common historical parallels, is invaluable for Ukraine. Bribery and corruption have not only an economic but also a moral aspect. The main task of philosophy is to eradicate corruption by changing incentives, stereotypes, ideological guidelines. In the long term, anti-corruption strategies it must be supported by moral education and the strengthening of the ethical principles that underlie society. Despite the difficulties, Ukraine has the potential to overcome corruption. The country rooted problem of corruption, bribery. The problems of corruption and bribery have been rooted in the country since the time of the Soviet Union. Corruption, in turn, causes a crisis of confidence in political power. Ukraine and Poland have a common Soviet heritage. In the Soviet regime, corruption permeated the whole system of society. The experience of the Poles is very important for Ukrainians. Poles have similar mental characteristics. Corruption is the use by government officials and representatives of state bodies of official rights and powers to illegally enriched, receive material and other benefits and benefits both in personal and group interests. The system of corruption is two-sided and works only in the component correlation: the one who gives the reward and the one who receives it. Corruption is a socio-political concept. It includes a set of interrelated problems. It should be noted that the level of corruption in the country is an important marker when choosing a country for investment. The low level of corruption in Poland is one of the reasons why well-known companies choose Poland as a place for doing business. Thus, corruption fits into the system of social relations that people create. Corruption is a product of social reality, so it countered with the help of a social control system. This system maintains a balance of interests. In the situation of modern Ukraine, social control can overcome corruption. It organized as a civil lever of influence and control of its own structures. This is possible only if citizens of Ukraine realize their own responsibility. As part of the fight against corruption in Poland, formed in 2006, the Central Bureau for Combating Corruption. In Poland, corruption is a social and criminal problem, and for corruption, criminal punishment follows. Imperfect institutional structures actually cause or contribute to cor- ruption. Favorable ground for corruption – taxes and duties, government procurement, an institution of officials who distribute subsidies, benefits, medical or educational services, as well as licensing, uneven access to information and the like. Polish researcher А. Surdej notes that corruption thrives where the state perceived as a hostile organization, so people approve of corruption as a way to deceive and undermine the functioning of such a state. In the long term, anti-corruption strategies it must be supported by moral education and ethical principles. Appropriate policies and moral education in the end should solve the problem of corruption. Poland became the first country of the socialist bloc, which launched a peaceful dismantling of the socialist system. She has notable successes. Note that the fight against corruption must be multifaceted, so we must not forget about those mental and ideological institutions that provoke a person to corruption.
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This article sets out to present the difference between the means of executing creative accounting and that of executing fraud, the way in which they are perceived in the business environment, as well as the implications that they have in companies’ activities. The article’s structure consists in an analysis of the terms „creative accounting” and „fraud”, presenting ideas and definitions that a series of economists have attributed to these terms, the differences between the two concepts, the risks that they imply and the opinion of the business environment regarding the two phenomena. The hypotheses that the article is based on constituted the starting point for a study conducted on the employees of companies operating on Romanian territory. The conclusions confirmed most of the study’s hypotheses and the fact that the two terms are often mistaken for one another and, in the opinion of the majority of respondents, constitute reasons for concern with regard to the financial statements submitted by a company.
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The present study investigates relevant economic, social and political dimensions of development worldwide, focusing on (apparent and latent) links between perceived corruption, economic and human development, government effectiveness and the quality of the political system taken as representative variables of countries’ social systems. These variables were selected as the basic determinants of the level of overall development in a country, since combinations of these factors determine clusters of countries with diff erent development patterns. The results of this study indicate that effective development policies require integrated strategies that incorporate efforts to reduce corruption and increase human development and government eff ectiveness. These strategies are sustainable in the long run when associated with institutional transformations. More specifi cally, if democracy is not consolidated and the political system is not grounded on the basis of freedom, socioeconomic development cannot be achieved and maintained in the long term, even with a high level of per-capita income.
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The Anticorruption Report. Edited by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi (OPLADEN, Barbara Budrich Publishers, 2015.)
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This text, in a wider methodological sense, aims to show how control of financing of political entities during the election campaigns is carried out, but also, on the other hand, to point out to all obstacles, problems and the legal position of the anti-Corruption agency, as the supervisor that performs this kind of control.The text is divided into two parts. in the first part of the text, we focus our attention on all current problems that directly and indirectly complicate the full control of the financing of political entities, such as the political influence and the way of election of members of the administrator which performs control, but also the legal framework within which the control process is carried out. in this part of the text, the author also presents important recommendations on how to make the control more efficient and how the institutional capacity of the anti-Corruption agency can be increased.The second part of the article deals with the analysis of concrete examples in practice, irregularities that can be perceived on the basis of these examples, which relate to the financing of political entities. The basic measuring instrument and indicator through which we determine the adequacy of control and any irregularities that can be observed is an analysis of the reports submitted by the political entities to the anti-Corruption agency.
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The text is a subtle analysis of the Romanian contemporary political class.
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Josip Kregar’s book The Emergence of Predatory Capitalism and Corruption gave the author reason for a discussion on the possibilities of explaining corruption as well as determining its extent in Croatia and worldwide. Apart from the proposed historical and sociological debates, the author tests hypotheses on economic power and the diffusion of corruption, on the role of “human nature”, i. e. the theory of reciprocal altruism as explanation for the universal quality of corruption, on the role of transition in increasing corruption. He also compares the theories mentioned to data provided by world organizations on the extent of corruption in specific countries of the world.
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This article will pursue the political and institutional context in Romania during which the National Integrity Agency has been establised, pointing out the relevant events underlying this process. Once the causality is identified, the article will analyze the institutional functionality of the Agency by identifying the vulnerabilities and strengths of the new institutional model. The political context and the institutional framework are defined by the time of Romania’s accession to the European Union and the immediate post-accession stage – opening a transition period with good prerequisites for political, economic and social development of the state.
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The paper analyzes the current system of public procurement, the goals and limitations of the existing public procurement policy, with particular reference to the SIGMA reform requirements in the accession process and the principles or procedures of public procurement in the member states of the European Union. Historically, as an ancient activity, systematically as a process of state procurement of goods, services and works in the name of construction and development, as well as the provision of material resources for the performance of public authorities, public procurement is an important part of the national economy. Considering the importance, the public procurement system inevitably implies legitimate, controlled procedures, a high level of legal protection and supervision, especially for the purpose of eliminating and preventing possible abuses and corruption. Also, as the public procurement system implies the responsibility of public authorities towards citizens, it implies the highest quality standards, effective procedures for the purpose of protection and satisfaction of the public interest.
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