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The 7th International Conference Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (IMES 2019) took place on May 30 – 31, 2019 at the University of Economics, Prague. The conference was organised by the Department of Entrepreneurship of the University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic in cooperation with other partners.Sound keynote speakers – Martina Musteen (San Diego State University, USA), Ilan Alon (University of Agder, Norway), Andrew Burke (Trinity Business School, Ireland), Arnim Wiek (Arizona State University, USA), Søren Salomo (Technical University Berlin, Germany) and Roy Thurik (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands) discussed the trends in the fields of innovation management, entrepreneurship and sustainability. The conference aimed to achieve academic excellence in a regional context and to establish a platform for mutual collaboration, exchange and dissemination of ideas among researchers and professionals.These conference proceedings contain contributions of the conference participants presented during both days of the conference. Authors of papers come from 22 countries all over the world, namely from Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Mexico, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, USA and Vietnam. All these contributions have successfully passed the doubleblind peer-review process.
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The U.S. has expanded the competences of the institution responsible for reviewing foreign investments and the EU has completed the procedure of implementing a similar mechanism (screening). Both processes are in reaction to the investment activity of Chinese entities, including takeovers of high-tech companies. The Chinese actions pose a potential threat to the competitiveness of other countries’ economies and even their security. The EU screening mechanism can help protect against these practices and is also an opportunity to strengthen transatlantic relations and contribute to the development of a common U.S. and EU position on WTO reform.
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USA zwiększają kompetencje instytucji odpowiedzialnej za kontrolę inwestycji zagranicznych, zaś UE kończy procedurę wdrożenia podobnego mechanizmu (tzw. screeningu) na poziomie wspólnotowym. Oba procesy są reakcją na aktywność inwestycyjną chińskich podmiotów, w tym przejmowanie firm z sektora wysokich technologii. Działania Chin stanowią zagrożenie dla konkurencyjności gospodarek innych państw, a nawet dla ich bezpieczeństwa. Mechanizm screeningu może pomóc w ochronie przed chińskimi praktykami. Jest też szansą na wzmocnienie relacji transatlantyckich oraz potencjalnym wkładem w wypracowanie wspólnego stanowiska USA i UE w sprawie reformy WTO.
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Demonstrations took place in Romania on 10 August, as citizens protested the weakening of the anti-corruption system assessed by the European Commission as one of the most effective in the EU. The ruling coalition of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) changed the heads of special prosecutors' offices in July, and decriminalised some acts of corruption that would potentially have led to PSD leader Liviu Dragnea’s being imprisoned. These changes may undermine Romania's position before its presidency of the EU Council next year.
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10 sierpnia odbyły się w Rumunii demonstracje przeciw osłabieniu systemu antykorupcyjnego, ocenianego przez Komisję Europejską jako jeden z najskuteczniejszych w UE. Rządząca koalicja Partii Socjaldemokratycznej (PSD) oraz Sojuszu Liberałów i Demokratów (ALDE) zmieniła w lipcu szefów prokuratur specjalnych. Zdepenalizowała też część przestępstw korupcyjnych. Ma to pozwolić uniknąć kary liderowi PSD Liviu Dragnei. Zmiany te mogą nadwyrężyć pozycję Rumunii przed jej przyszłoroczną prezydencją w Radzie UE.
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Counter-corruption action and the situation in Venezuela were the main topics at this year’s Summit of the Americas. The meeting was also an opportunity for the United States to demonstrate its wish to enhance its status as the main partner for Latin American countries. These efforts have been limited by the lack of coherence in the Latin American policy of President Donald Trump’s Administration, which has facilitated China’s rising influence in the region. Chinese expansion is also a challenge for the European Union, which would like to cooperate more closely with Latin American partners.
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Ostatni szczyt Ameryk dotyczył przede wszystkim działań antykorupcyjnych oraz sytuacji w Wenezueli. USA potraktowały go jako okazję do pokazania, jak zamierzają wzmacniać swój status najważniejszego partnera państw Ameryki Łacińskiej. Jednak polityka latynoamerykańska administracji Donalda Trumpa jest niespójna, co sprzyja wzrostowi wpływów Chin w regionie. Ekspansja chińska to także wyzwanie dla UE, która chce aktywniej współpracować z partnerami latynoamerykańskimi.
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The tragic fire in Club Colectiv in Bucharest shed light on the broader systemic problems of corruption. The resulting and quickly swelling public outrage fits in with a series of anti-systemic protests in Romania in recent years. A change of government resulting from the prime minister’s swift resignation will bring no immediate relief to an ailing system. For that to happen, more efforts are needed on all fronts: among the political elite, civil society, as well as Romania’s external partners. The latter can be important in preventing political destabilisation and promoting positive change.
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Tragiczny pożar w klubie Colectiv zmobilizował wielotysięczne protesty i przyczynił się do dymisji rządu Victora Ponty. Ten najpoważniejszy od lat kryzys polityczny w Rumunii może doprowadzić do jeszcze większej wymiany elit i wyraźniejszych zmian w działaniu państwa, w tym do nasilenia walki z korupcją. Aby tak się stało, protestujący powinni wyciągnąć wnioski z poprzednich masowych demonstracji, które odbyły się w Rumunii w ostatnich latach. Z kolei UE i USA mogą wykorzystać roszady rządowe do zwiększenia nacisków na Bukareszt, by przeprowadził reformy wewnętrzne, obejmujące m.in. lepszą egzekucję prawa i usprawnienie dialogu władz z przedstawicielami sektora pozarządowego.
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The European Parliament(EP) corruption scandal, which began with the arrests of then current or former MEPs last December, showed that the mechanisms in place to ensure institutional transparency do not sufficiently protect against the influence of non-EU countries. In addition, the parliament’s internal standards are of limited effectiveness as penalties for non-compliance are not very severe and rarely applied. The effect of the scandal will most likely be to further increase the transparency of EP conduct. The probability of a new body to monitor ethical issues in EU institutions has also increased.
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The anti-corruption protests in Bulgaria that have lasted for two months are not weakening. Marchers demand the depoliticisation of the prosecutor’s office and the dismissal of Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. After a decade in power, Bulgaria has the highest recorded level of corruption and the least media freedom in the European Union. Despite this, Borisov is not criticized by EU institutions or the largest Member States, which opt for stability in a country that lies on key migration routes over demanding devotion to high standards of democracy.
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Although Volodymyr Zelensky has identified the fight against corruption as one of the most important objectives of his presidency, he has not yet achieved success in this area. A large part of the Ukrainian political elite is trying to sabotage the activities of institutions fighting corruption. They are doing this through the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (CCU), which has paralysed the national anti-corruption system with its judgments. The success of the fight against corruption in Ukraine depends on reform of the CCU and pressure from the IMF and the EU. Poland can support these efforts to reduce the scale of smuggling from Ukraine and improve the investment climate for Polish companies.
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Monitoring represents a continual activity which encompassess the systemic data collection on specific indicators, which provides the clear indication to managers and stakeholders of various programs and projects on the progress towards set objectives. Evaluation on the other hand means the systemic and objective assessment of ongoing or completed programs, projects and policies, their design, implementation and results. Combined, purpose of monitoring and evaluation is to establish goal relevance and determine level of attainment of those goals; to determine efficiency and effectiveness, effects and sustainability of the results achieved by implementation of program, project or policy. Evaluation should provide reliable and useful information for incorporation into decision-making processes. Purpose of this Manual is to provide basic information to current and future monitoring and evaluation personnel working on minority population social inclusion programs on how to monitor and evaluate their programs and project. The forms, methods and procedures listed in the Manual should not be considered set in stone. After all, monitoring and evaluation, as well as any other analytical discipline, are dependent on logic, commons sense and the creativeness of the analysts. The Manual additionally contains guidelines and examples of the statistical data analysis and the results presentation. However, considering the breath and degree of difficulty involved with some statistical concepts, these guidelines focused on the descriptive statistics which has a wide range of applications in monitoring and evaluation of social programs. The more sophisticated statistical methods and tests are listed but the procedures on how to do those tests were not elaborated. That segment of the indicator analysis should be left to more experienced analysts, familiar with the statistical science. The intent of this Manual was to describe minimal but sufficient framework for data analysis and presentation and to demonstrate on practical examples what the purpose of monitoring and evaluation in management practices truly represent. We hope that we have succeeded in that endeavor.
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In the Republic of Albania the next local elections are scheduled to take place on 14 May 2023. The last local elections, which were held on 30 June 2019, were boycotted by the opposition, while the turnout at the elections was only 21.6%. As a result, all positions in local self-governance authorities were occupied by the candidates of the Socialist Party (PS) headed by Edi Rama. The last local elections in Albania were conducted in an atmosphere of tensions, after the Albanian opposition had withdrawn from the work of the Parliament and organized political activities on the streets of Tirana at which it requested the resignation of Prime Minister Rama, establishment of an interim government and holding of general elections.
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On 25 April 2021, the tenth parliamentary elections since the democratic changes will take place in Albania. Once again the elections will be a confrontation between two leading coalitions. One is gathered around the Socialist Party (PS/S&D) and Prime Minister Edi Rama and the other is the opposition group led by the Democratic Party (PD/EPP) headed by Lulzim Basha, which includes the Movement for Socialist Integration (LSI) headed by Monika Kryemadhi. Some minor political parties will also participate in the elections.
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In Bulgaria regular parliamentary elections are due to take place on 4 April 2021. At the elections 240 representatives/deputies in the Bulgarian National Assembly will be elected according to the proportional system with closed lists. In each of a total of 31 election units, between four and 16 representatives/ deputies depending on the size of the election unit will be elected. The election threshold is 4%. Previous elections in Bulgaria saw numerous cases of tampering with electoral rolls, election fraud, massive purchase of votes, unregistered voter ballots, extortion of votes from employees in (public) companies and public administration, modifications of voting protocols, declaring the ballots invalid, etc. However, the most renowned form of election fraud “patented” in Bulgaria is the so-called “Bulgarian train.”
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In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the judiciary is an obstacle to any progress in the country. Domestic and international experts have identified the situation in the judiciary but it is necessary to take a step forward, with strong international support and leadership. Without cleaning up the judiciary, the country’s overall progress and profound political changes will remain impossible.
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Felt across the Mediterranean on August 4th, 2020, some 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate stored in the port of Beirut exploded, killing at least 190 people and injuring at least 6,500, resulting in an estimated $10–15 billion USD in property damage, and leaving an approximately 300,000 people homeless. The ammonium nitrate gas had been stored in a warehouse without proper safety measures in place for the previous six years, after having been confiscated by the Lebanese authorities from the cargo ship MV Rhosus that had docked in Beirut and been declared unseaworthy. The official cause of the detonation is under investigation. Yet the ruling elites’ failure to address the presence of the material in the port and the subsequent explosion perhaps signifies the apex of political corruption and public negligence.
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In early 2020 Bulgaria entered a deep political crisis. The protests organized in the capital of Sofia and several other cities have been going on since July this year. They began after the prosecutor raided the building of the president of the state and Hristo Ivanov's spectacular action on the coast of the Black Sea in which together with two supporters he motored up to a luxurious residence of Ahmed Dogan (DPS), one of the most influential persons in Bulgaria. The goal was to draw attention to the illegal fencing of public facilities and unlawful engagement of security guards from civil service at the residence. The action triggered mass protests in Bulgaria against corruption, oligarchs and the government. After the arrest of two of his aids (presidential commissioner for fight against corruption and security advisor), Bulgarian President Rumen Radev (independent) accused the state prosecutor of being linked with the mafia. The conflict between the Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov (GERB – Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria) and the Bulgarian President Rumen Radev intensified.
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