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“Balık” Sözcüğü Üzerine

Author(s): Nesrin Güllüdağ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2015

The smallest meaningful units of the sentence, words are the smallest meaningful parts of the tongue that enables people to communicate. The words, basic elements of tongue as a living being, change, develop or disappear in time. The word 'fish', which we encounter in the first examples of Köktürk scriptures, is a general name of the animal which reproduces in eggs, takes breath with gills, lives in water from the chordates, as it is explained in Turkish Dictionary. Fish is a word that has been used for about one thousand and two hundred centuries in Turkish language. In this study, the ‘fish’ has been analyzed within the works from the first written documents to today ones. The origin of ‘fish’ word has not been accepted mutually from the beginning of former period of Turkish language. Rather than revealing a certain view on the origin of this word, there are current viewpoints in this study. The usage of ‘fish’ word in meaning as city and as a fish, itself has been analyzed through its adventure for centuries by exemplifying historical texts. While some words mean many objects or concepts in tongue in the past, they can mean just one of them in time. Although the word was used both as “city” and “fish living in water” or “being injured” as a verb in the past, it has only kept the meaning of fish living in water today.

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Ferit Edgü’nün “Ne” Adlı Küçürek Öyküsünde Modernizm Eleştirisi

Author(s): Yavuz Sinan Ulu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2015

Affecting human life in all areas, Modernism, which is a human product, also shapes literature, itself a product of modernism, in both content and form. Speed, production and progress come into prominence with modern life. Short short stories are very short stories emerging as an instant burst of emotion. One of the most significant representatives of this type in Turkish literature is Ferit Edgü. The writer of “What”, works on the painful process of modern human’s becoming an individual, loneliness, alienation to society, escape and refuge stages, rootlessness, lack of communication, efforts to exist with one’s own values. The tragedy of modern man, remaining between “you” and “them”, is reflected by means of a protagonist on the summit of a mountain.

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Sançmak Fiili Üzerine

Author(s): Nesrin Güllüdağ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2015

The basic elements of a living language are words. Like the language, the living words change, develop or decrease in time. Turkish is one of the most appropriate languages for producing words as part of its structure. Our language enables many new words to be produced because of derivational affixes added into the roots of nouns and verbs. Yet, when some of them disappear through the historical periods, others manage to reach up to the present. 'Sançmak', meaning to stab is a very old root from Old Turkish in our language. However, there are some roots of verbs and nouns, being non-functional now in Turkish tongue. Although some of them have lost their functions, their lives go on with the words that are derived from them. In this study, the development of the verb ‘sançmak’, which has been alive in the mouths of Anatolia and has not been used actively in the written language of Turkish among today's modern Turkish dialects and accents through the former texts of Turkish language, will be analyzed. The word ‘sançmak’ is derived from the verb stem, and in this study, it will be revealed that this verb stem has been alive in some words used in the written language of Turkish actively; yet, in written language, it has lost its function.

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Hatay’ın Sofilerinden Sefil Molla ve Onun Divanı

Author(s): Hüseyin Kürşat Türkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

Folk Literature, whose origin and roots date back to the eras before the acceptance of Islam, has continued its existence from the past to the present in various ways, and it still both fulfils the public’s emotions, thoughts, imagination, mutual regret and expectations, and reflects its outlook through the same window, it is named as “Folk literatüre”. Being the representatives of the society, aforesaid literature’s performers have expressed their emotions and thoughts through “the syllabic meter and quadrants”, which are our national meter and verse form. Language properties and expressions were shaped at many points, especially in terms of the social characteristics of the period, by keeping pace with the expectations of time and era. The representatives, who, for most of the time, embarked on an approach reflecting the characteristics of Folk literatüre, were sometimes influenced by other literary movements of the era. The influence of Divan Literature, without doubt, was the leading one among these literary movements, since, influenced by it, the representatives of Folk Literature used forms with prosody, and wrote “divans” like the representatives of Divan Literature. Yet, it would be a majör misconception to claim that in the divans in question, only the prosody forms were used. In this article, the divan of the late Sefil Molla, the tomb keeper and imam of His Nibs Bayazid-i Bestami in Hatay district Kırıkhan, which has successively reached to his grandchildren, is going to be discussed and studied. A part of the divan was read and printed by Sefil Molla’s grandson, İsmail Hakkı Konyalı, in order that God may bless their grandfather’s soul. Being in 15 cm (5,9 inches) in width and 22 cm (8,6 inches) in height, the aforementioned divan has a frayed green cloth on the cover. The Works in Sefil Molla’s divan were written in a red pen. Nevertheless, up until today, the color has been faded due to both humidity and various reasons, and some words have become illegible. While the verse forms of Folk Literature are observed predominantly throughout the divan, in the prologue and the epilogue of the mentioned divan, Divan Literature’s verse forms have been identified. Also, in Sefil Molla’s Divan, epic genre has been encountered, and the epics in question will be discussed in a different study.

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The Study of the Violations of Vowel Harmony (Disharmony) in the Dialects of Azerbaijan Turkish in Iran

Author(s): Amir Khalilzadeh / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the violations of vowel harmony (disharmony) in the dialects of Azerbaijan Turkish in Iran. In fact, the researcher has made an attempt to find a reliable answer to the question "Are there any violations in regard with vowel harmony in the speech of the Azerbaijan Turks in Iran?" Using the necessary linguistic data, the author of the paper has attempted to find and show the violations of vowel harmony and the related causes in the above-mentioned dialects of Azerbaijan Turkish (a synchronic study). The results of the study showed that the violations are mostly observed in the loanwords, though we observe some violations caused by other languages and internal changes in some native words, too. The writer comes to the conclusion that to minimize the degree of the violations, the use of loanwords should be avoided, especially in the cases where there are equivalent native words.

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Tarihî Türk Lehçelerinde Ḳatıġ Kelimesinin Çok Anlamlı Yapısı

Author(s): Filiz Meltem Erdem Uçar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Connected to nature in terms of its concepts and paths expressing these concepts, Turkish language takes its expression power rather from nature. Turkish has a vivid and strong expression, and an analysis of Turkish vocabulary in this respect demonstrates the existence of words or phrases which derived from metonymies such as “from man to nature”, “from nature to man”, and “from nature to nature”. Metonymies, a fundamental quality of languages, is one of the primary causes for the literary element called polysemy. Polysemy means that words acquire new meanings associated with their original meaning, through various metonymies and extensions, and become polysemic. The identification of newly acquired meanings of words is of great importance for discovery of deeper meanings in and correct interpretation of texts, especially historical ones. The identification of each new meaning clears any blurs in interpretation. Polysemy is also significant as it shows the advancement level of a language and its richness in vocabulary. In this respect, this study deals with polysemic structure of “ḳatıġ”, a word common in the historical Turkish texts.

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Beklenti Kılavuzu Stratejisinin 8. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuduğunu Anlama Becerilerine Etkisi

Author(s): Mustafa Onur Kan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of anticipation guide strategy on 8th grade students’ reading comprehension skills. The study group consists of 8th grade students who are educated in a secondary school which is low socio-economical status and located in Antakya. The study was conducted on two groups which were consisted 20 students. In the study, a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test post-test and control group was used. In study process, in experimental group anticipation strategy had been used in Turkish lessons. The control group lessons had continued as stated in program. Anticipation guides used in six weeks application process were formed by the researcher. Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to analyze the data. In the study it was obtained that anticipation guide strategy significantly increases 8th grade students’ reading comprehension. On the other hand, although the difference in favor of the experimental group between experimental group and control group, there was no significant difference between the two group’s post-test scores.

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Hamza-Nâme Adlı Eserin 72. Cildinin Atasöz, Deyim, İkileme ve Beyitlerin Anlam ve Görev Yönünden İncelenmesi

Author(s): Osman Türk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

In the research carried out about Hamze-name, the sayings, idioms, reduplications and couplets have been examined in there functioning structures and types. Hamze-name has been studied in the intentions of literature, underlining general features and the language used by the author. Hamze-name has been converted into written text by Ahmedi’s brother Hamzavi. Within the examined study that has been done about the Hamza-name art work, it is of ease to understand and mention that; before Hamze-name was interpreted into written text, it was an oral tradition spoken by Turks and it had an important dignity within the Islamic world. With the context of rich epical literature, Hamze-name has contributed to the Islamic to the Islamic world but besides this, it has extended historical and cultural alikeness to the new comers of the Muslim nation which were Iran and Arabia. In the study, Hamza-name’s sayings, idioms, reduplications and couplets have been examined. The words and word groups that consist within the art work have been studied by their periodical tone. The wordings have been studied by Hamza-name’s functional structure. Sayings and idioms have been studied in their actual meanings, then have been examined within the text to be able to compare and contrast. Reduplications have been split into groups, thus these groups have been studied by their meanings and their operating functions that takes place in the text. Prosody groupings of the couplets have been determined and converted into modern Turkish. In the research a copy of the art work, the sayings, idioms, reduplications and couplets have been provided with explanations of their types, meanings and functions.

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Yer Adları (Toponimi) Açısından Divanü Lûgati’t-Türk

Author(s): Aysun Gündüz Önal,Mustafa Şenel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Scientific studies in Turkey started in the half of the first of 20th century. These studies, which are a little late, have become especially common with the republic and are beginning to be recognized as being important for the cultural history of places names. When the sources of places name have been identified, Divanu Lugait’t-Turk , the first and most important resources, was not neglected. Kasghar taught the turkish language to the arabs and talked in his works about the turkish grammar and traditions and the life style of turkish people at the same time.Kashgarli has also carried the scientific significance in the way he learned the tradition of naming at that time. In this study, the correspondence of the words containing the places's names in Divanu Lugati’t-Turk was found in the book " Köylerimiz(Our Villages)-1993 ". Although being in the Divanu Lugait-Turk, we could not find it in the book " Köylerimiz(Our Villages)-1993 " but it has been listed in the words we think might be the places name.

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Türkiye Türkçesinde Sözcük Türleriyle Yapılan Pekiştirme

Author(s): Birol İpek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Language is a means of communication.The meanings of words which we use as a means of communication, arise when they are in use. There are various forms of speech for an exact and complete understanding of statement. One of them is intensification. Intensification is made for strengthening the meaning or attracting more attention to a certain component. The meaning of an intensified expression is more comprehensible. This expression style which is called as "tekit" in Arabic and "intensification" in English, is met by the concepts of “tekit, berkitme, kuvvetlendirme, pekiştirme” in Turkish. Turkish has a very rich expressive power in terms of intensification. In this study it is focused mainly on the intensification formed with word types. In Turkish, the main headings of intensification formed with word types can be classified as follows: 1. Intensification in adjectives. 2. Intensification formed with pronouns. 3. Intensification formed with adverbs 4. Intensification in verbs 5. Intensification formed with particles. 6. Intensification formed with conjunctions. 7. Intensification formed with interjections. The subject of intensification takes part disorderly under the heading of word types in grammar books. In this study, all kinds of intensification formed with word types are evaluated all together.

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Kitap Tanıtımı

Author(s): Yakup Yeşilyaprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Yakup Yeşilyaprak- Aşkaroğlu, Vedi. İkinci Yeni: Aykırı Sözşörler. Kültür Ajans Yayınları Karadeniz Dergisi Seri: 4. Ankara. 2016. 172 s. ISBN 978-605-325-073-9 ;

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Anlam Değiştirme Aracı Olarak Olumsuzluk Eki –mA

Author(s): Erkan Hirik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 44/2015

Negation is an area which has different aspects. Therefore, it has an interdisciplinary feature, related to philosophy, psychology and linguistics. In addition to this, negation has also different aspects in linguistics. Negation, which is related to morphology, semantics and syntax, is analysed in different ways by linguists. All of the languages has negation marker/s. The standard negation marker in Turkish is –mA. The question, under which suffix category should this suffix be analysed, is dealt with in different ways by linguists. In this article it is demonstrated how the standard negation marker –mA, which is added to another verb, transforms it. By this way, Semantic change methods of –mA are exposed. All these are indicated as evidences of why the negation suffix –mA should be considered as derivational suffixes.

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Türkçenin Söz Varlığında Nasreddin Hoca'nın Yeri

Author(s): Seyfullah Türkmen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2008

In this study, the effect of Nasreddin Hodja in Turkish vocabulary is mentioned. Idioms and sayings whic were derived shortening his anecdotes are emphasized. By this way, how idioms and sayings were originated is explained.

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Karanlık Kelimesinin Yapısına Dair

Author(s): Ahmet Karadoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2007

In Turkic the etymology of many words has not been explained. Moreover it has not been possible to show the morphology of the words whose etymology is easily discernible. A typical example for such words in Turkish is karanlık. Semantically this word was derived from kara 'black'. The affix 'lık is the suffix to from nouns from nouns. Although this word is easily analysed semantically and etymologically, it is morphology has not been perfectly clarified yet. In this study the etymology and morphology of karanlık in Turkish has been illuminated.

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Bekir Çobanzade'nin Dil Bilimi Anlayışı

Author(s): Adile M. Emirova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2006

During the Slatin era, Crimean tatars faced many political and social pressures; many had to leave their homelands. Besides, as books of Crimean authors were banished, their language and civilization were deeply harmed. One of the outstanding Crimean intelectuals of those days was Bekir Çobanzade, the well known turkologist, scientist and poet. Çobanzade enjoyed great fame not only with his literary works, but also his studies in turkology. He produced many essays and books on origins and classification of Turkic dialects, relationships of Turkic with Mongolian and Manchu-Tunguzic languages, as well as some original studies on linguistics. This article deals with views of Bekir Çobanzade on linguistic issues.

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Kapalı e (e) Sesi Bağlamında Eski Anadolu Türkçesi-Anadolu Ağızları Ilişkisi

Author(s): Münteha Gül,Mehmet Dursun Erdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2006

Authors of this article analyse the problem 'of closed /e/ ("e"), the famous 9th vocale, much discussed among turkologists, and tries to show state of this vocale in Anatolian dialects. Results of the survey on Anatolian dialects indicated hundreds of words with the vocale "e", and their indices were prepared in terms of regions. Results of this detailed survey pointed to some facts on regional connections among the current Anatolian dialects, and historical relationships with the Old Anatolian Turkish.

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Nogay Türkçesinde Sıfat-Fiillerle Kullanılan Bol- Fiilinin İşlevleri

Author(s): Dilek Ergönenç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2006

Coming together of two different verbs in Turkish is always being descriptive verb is completed by gerundium and auxiliary verb. Hardly, some auxiliary verbs can be connected with participles and making new meanings except their based meaning. One of auxiliary verbs known as the complex verbs is bol-. Bol- auxiliary verb is connected with participles in Noghay Turkish texts is studied in this study.

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Türkiye Türkçesinde Mensubiyet Bildiren "-Gil" Eki Üzerine

Author(s): Ahmet Demirtaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 9/2006

The suffix "gil", which is used to show possession and to make home or family names in Turkish, a rich agglutinative language, is one of the most interesting suffixes. A semantic and functional study of this suffix, which is an exception to the phonetics vowel and consonant harmony rules and which is used in only one form, shows that it seems to have been derived from the possessive suffix "-ki" and the noun making suffix "-l". The fact that the suffix "-ki" gives the meaning of possession to the word it is affixed and that the suffix "-l" makes nouns of similitude strengthens this impression. However, the fact that the suffix "gil? is not stressed and that it violates the vowal harmony rule strengthens the possibility that it was derived from another word from Old Turkish.

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TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDE ÜNSÜZLERLE İLGİLİ SES OLAYLARININ ÖĞRETİMİ ÜZERİNE

Author(s): Burhan BARAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Consonants are sounds that are produced by being restrained in the vocal organs and can be brought out with the help of a vowel. Consonants are classified in various ways such as formation points, whether they are tonal or not, and whether they are continuous or not. Sound events associated with consonants have also been classified in different ways by researchers. In this article, there is a classification of sound events related to consonants and exemplification of these sound events with explanations. The following form was preferred in the classification: Consonant affinity (consonant affinity in the word, consonant affinity in affixation, close and distant affinity), consonant contradiction, intonation, de-toning, consonant derivation (consonant derivations using auxiliary consonants, other consonant derivations), consonant deletion, displacement, continuation (spirantization, fluency). In the teaching of sound events, the lack of adequate classification, the repetition of the same examples in a certain number, and the mixed examples given without any explanation such as standard Turkish, dialects, historical development of Turkish have been seen as a problem, and explanations and many examples were given in the article by taking these issues into consideration. In the study, the examples in dialects are not taken and the sound events seen in Turkish and borrowed words in standard Turkish and the sound events occurring in the historical development process of Turkish are exemplified separately. Thus, it was intended to contribute to overcoming the confusion in the teaching of sound events regarding consonants with a clearer and more understandable classification and exemplification method.

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DİVANÜ LÜGATİ’T-TÜRK’TE “BİLİG” KAVRAMI

Author(s): Dilaver Düzgün,Bilgi Tomo / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2024

Divanü Lügati’t Türk, which contains a lot of information about the social life of Turk of a thousand years ago, is one of the most important works of Turkish language and culture. Studies on work are important in terms of understanding Turkish language, culture and history and transferring them to the future generations. The aim of this study is to determine the meaning of the word bilig in the work and the conceptual framework which it gained in the period when the work was written. The concept of bilig is given in different places in the form of a bullet point explanations in the Divanü Lügati’t Türk and it is translated into Arabic with the meanings of wisdom, reason and intellect. Apart from these, the bare or inflected form of the word bilig is used in 24 different sentences, phrases or lines. In the sample uses, the word bilig is used with the meanings of propriety, virtue, caution and honour besides wisdom, reason and intellect. This wide range of meanings of the word reflects the differences and the richness of meanings in daily language among the Turkish tribes that Kâşgarlı Mahmud researched and collected. The Arabic equivalents given to bilig in the Divan show that the word is always used to express superior values. For this reason, being bilig is constantly recommended, the condition that does not contain bilig is presented something to be avoided.

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