Потопено наследство: за песните от дъното на язовира и медийното им изплуване

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov,Lozanka Peycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2020

The study focuses on part of the submerged heritage under the waters of several dams in Bulgaria (Ovcharitsa, Rozov Kladenets and Tsonevo). Popular folk singers (Stefka Sabotinova and Penka Pavlova) and singing groups and local singers („Sminana Kitka“, Silvia Dimitrova), who keep songs from the sunken villages, are presented. The focus is on research and knowledge of folklore as a pillar of memory, in the case of the village of Asparuhovo, near and under the waters of Tsonevo Dam. Emphasis is placed on the role of various media and especially digital new media spaces for the „emergence” of the traditional song heritage from the villages left at the bottom of various dams.

Нарастващата роля на електронните медии за медийната грамотност на публиката в епохата на информационната криза

Author(s): Iglika Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2020

Two decades after the publication of the Green Paper on the convergence (1997), radio and television are not only creating and disseminating more and more digital content through digital technologies but are striving for an increasingly integrated online presence. Along with search engines, internet platforms have become an important intermediary between media service providers and audiences whose habits have changed dramatically in the second decade of the 21st century. Broadcast media (BM) have no choice but to be where the users of media content are - content of different quality, origin, purpose, logic of distribution. At the same time, audiences are overwhelmed with mis- and disinformation, which often comes from fake pages and profiles posing as legitimate media organizations, and set against trustworthy media and journalists from public figures. This creates an information crisis, which can be counteracted both by legislative measures and by empowering the audience with media literacy. And while the implementation of educational reform is a slow process, the BM, which still have the largest audiences and are most trusted, can play an essential role in increasing the media literacy of citizens. A function of great public importance, at the same time entirely in their interest.

Texts and Icons in Worship, Communication, Propaganda

Author(s): Tatiana Borisova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

La présente étude se concentre sur le rôle joué par les textes liés aux icônes dans le culte, la commu- nication culturelle et la propagande des icônes lors de leur transfert. Ces textes se regroupent en trois catégories : les textes qui précèdent les icônes, les textes sur les icônes et les textes d’après les icônes. L’analyse de chacune de ces catégories aide à mieux déchiffrer la fonction et le rôle des textes dans la création et la perception, ainsi que dans les processus de transfert des icônes. Dans le cadre d’un transfert culturel, celui-ci se produit souvent dans un contexte où les signes verbaux se différencient des signes visuels. L’auteure donne quelques exemples de textes qui sont essentiels pour une interprétation exacte de certaines icônes russes transférées en Grèce du 5VIe au 5I5e siècle et détermine leur place dans la communication linguistique, spirituelle et culturelle. D’un point de vue mé- thodologique, elle s’intéresse aux conditions dans lesquelles les textes accompagnant les icônes russes devraient être étudiés, notamment dans le cadre de la recherche qui étudie le transfert de ces icônes russes en Grèce.

Written Sources on 17th-century Russian Icons in the Orthodox East:

Author(s): Nadezhda Chesnokova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Au 5VIIe siècle, les icônes russes avaient déjà gagné les régions post-byzantines sous domination o1o- mane de l’Orient chrétien : les contrées grecques et balkaniques, l’Afrique du Nord et l’Asie Mineure, Crète, Chy- pre, la Palestine, la Syrie et le Liban. Les archives (peu étudiées) témoignent d’une exportation élevée de peintures religieuses russes dans l’espace méditerranéen. Une grande partie de ce1e documentation se trouve aux Archives Nationales des Actes Anciens de Russie (RCODo). Ces documents ayant appartenu autrefois à l’administration diplomatique, Posol’skij Prikaz, sont conservés dans le Fonds 52 et concernent les relations entre la Russie et les centres ecclésiastiques orthodoxes situés dans l’Empire o1oman. Au 5VIIe siècle, les œuvres russes qui circu- laient en Orient étaient en grande partie le fruit des activités évergétiques des grands princes et des tsars, mais le commerce jouait aussi un rôle important dans leur transmission. À en juger par le grand nombre d’oeuvres qu’ils possédaient, leur qualité artistique et leur coût de production élevé, les patriarches devaient être les commandi- taires les plus importants. Cependant, les émissaires du tsar se rendaient en Orient pour diverses missions et apportaient également des icônes. Les Grecs qui vivaient en Russie ou qui y séjournaient longtemps envoyaient, eux aussi, des icônes russes dans leur patrie. Enfin, les icônes russes étaient exportées par les marchands grecs. À Moscou, les étrangers pouvaient commander les icônes directement auprès des peintres ou les acheter sur le marché. Les archives conservent encore des nombreux testaments de Grecs décédés à Moscou, riches en informa- tions quant aux icônes russes qu’ils ont eues en leur possession. Un bon nombre de maîtres russes ont travaillé à l’étranger, en particulier dans les Principautés de Valachie et de Moldavie. Certains étaient peintres d’églises, mais d’autres peignaient des icônes sur commande. Ces icônes passaient de main en main, au sein des familles ; étaient léguées par testament ; faisaient l’objet de dons envers les églises et les monastères ; etc. Les voies d’exportation des icônes russes vers l’étranger étaient donc des plus diverses. Les documents d’archive ne cessent pas de sur- prendre avec une variété de nouvelles informations à leur sujet.

Russian Sacred Objects in the Orthodox East

Author(s): Lora Gerd / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

La tradition du soutien russe aux églises orthodoxes de l’Orient et des Balkans a commencé a XVIe siècle et s’est poursuivie jusqu’en 1917. Au niveau gouvernemental, l’aide matérielle a été réduite et réglementée au XVIIIIe siècle, mais elle a gagné en générosité après 1830, en rapport avec l’évolution de la Lestion d’Orient et la rivalité des grandes puissances engagées au Moyen-Orient. L’article étudie le caractère et la distribution géographique du soutien de l’Église et du gouvernement russes, tout en observant que ces traits ont évolué dans le temps et qu’ils ont été in*uencés par les tendances politiques de certaines périodes. Il étudie aussi les nombreuses donations privées issues des pèlerinages en Terre Sainte et faites aux monastères d’Orient, aussi bien que celles résultant des relations personnelles avec le haut clergé. La tendance générale à augmenter les sommes et les dons jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale a été le résultat de la montée de la tension au Moyen-Orient et dans la Méditerranée orientale.

Russian Orthodox Art in the Bulgarian Lands from the 16th until the Late 19th Century:

Author(s): Ivanka Gergova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Dès le milieu du XXe siècle, les chercheurs bulgares s’intéressent à l’étude des œuvres d’art religieux russe qui sont arrivées dans l’aire culturelle bulgare; mais ces études n’ont jamais été menées de manière intensive. Les futures approches devront collecter, cataloguer et étudier les collections plus importantes d’icônes, d’estampes et d’objets russes de culte, en rassemblant toutes les informations nécessaires qui concernent les modalités d’acqui- sition de ces objets, leurs donateurs et leurs histoires individuelles. Une attention particulière devra être accordée aux peintres russes qui ont vécu en Bulgarie, ainsi qu’aux Bulgares qui ont étudié les arts en Russie, sachant que ces derniers ont peint des icônes après le retour en Bulgarie. L’influence de l’art orthodoxe russe sur les sujets abordés et les styles utilisés dans l’art bulgare pourra compléter ce panorama. La présente étude se propose de faire le bilan des recherches en cours.

Icons as Marketable Objects

Author(s): Katerina Seraïdari / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

L’étude examine les raisons pour lesquelles les icônes russes, ou imitant un style russe, sont devenues des objets à la mode, commercialisés en Grèce du milieu du XIXe au début du XXe siècle. Elle met ainsi en lumière un phénomène social : la diffusion et la popularité des icônes russes dans ce pays, mais aussi au Mont Athos – une région considérée comme étant le ‘gardien’ de la tradition orthodoxe et de l’authenticité qui faisait encore partie de l’Empire O1oman pendant l’époque en question. Les conséquences de ce1e circulation sont également analysées. Ce phénomène culturel a mené à une banalisation du commerce des icônes et à une confusion croissante entre le domaine de la spiritualité et celui des transactions économiques. La production d’icônes émerge donc comme une arène d’intérêts concurrents; ce qui révèle l’asymétrie de l’influence que la Grèce (un état récemment fondé et économiquement instable) et l’Empire russe exerçaient dans le monde orthodoxe.

Menocchio (2018)

Author(s): Francesca Tasca,Corneliu Dragomirescu,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4/2020

Периодика 2020

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 41/2020

Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies

Опити за употреба в публичната комуникация на пандемията Ковид-19 като държавна идеология

Author(s): Georgi Lozanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2021

The article looks at the systematic attempts to transform the coronavirus epidemic into a state ideology similar to the Marxist-Leninist one, within the former Eastern Bloc. However, the current ideological attempts do not rely on repressive state apparatuses. They are voluntarily accepted. What operates behind this voluntary acceptance is a public communication strategy based on the war model and in a regime of hyper-information, i.e. infodemic. It is a strategy with a pyramidal structure, the top of which is held by the state government, reframed as “good” power. For the first time at the base of an ideology is not a historic event, but a natural one. This gives such a nature-based ideology the chance to exploit and govern the most basic existential fears of people. Furthermore, the article is focused on the current Bulgarian political situation. However, the aforementioned pandemic’s ideological strategies and their influence in Bulgaria are placed in the broader context of the return of conservative ideologies and the destabilization of the liberal consensus in Europe and the States.The article looks at the systematic attempts to transform the coronavirus epidemic into a state ideology similar to the Marxist-Leninist one, within the former Eastern Bloc. However, the current ideological attempts do not rely on repressive state apparatuses. They are voluntarily accepted. What operates behind this voluntary acceptance is a public communication strategy based on the war model and in a regime of hyper-information, i.e. infodemic. It is a strategy with a pyramidal structure, the top of which is held by the state government, reframed as “good” power. For the first time at the base of an ideology is not a historic event, but a natural one. This gives such a nature-based ideology the chance to exploit and govern the most basic existential fears of people. Furthermore, the article is focused on the current Bulgarian political situation. However, the aforementioned pandemic’s ideological strategies and their influence in Bulgaria are placed in the broader context of the return of conservative ideologies and the destabilization of the liberal consensus in Europe and the States.

Църквата „Св. Антоний“ в Мелник – чудотворни обекти и ритуални практики

Author(s): Yana Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Anthony is a highly honoured saint, considered to be a patron and a defender of various diseases. The church “St. Anthony” in the smallest town in Bulgaria – Melnik – is known exactly for its healing aspect and can be identified as one of the most sacred cult sites in the surroundings, connected with numerous stories of miracles, healings, interesting and rare ritual practices. The modern state and functioning of the church is a complex of different components that build the role and importance of the cult site as a very attractive place for pilgrimage and healing. Besides of the cult of the patron itself, these components include also various miraculous objects, iconographic features, the location of the church, and characteristic stories of miracles, media, and personal representations and interpretations. In this article, I will examine the cult of St. Anthony in the city and church dedicated to him through the prism of two basic elements – miraculous objects or other ones in the church area and beliefs and ritual practices related to them. It is precisely the connection between the different components of the cult site, combining diverse objects of pilgrimage, honoring, and usage, that creates a truly unique context in which this church, the only one in the country until recently dedicated to the St. Anthony, exists. The analysis is based on observations from conducted fieldwork studies in Melnik and bibliographic and online surveys in the period 2016–2018.

Чудотворни мироточиви икони и съвременни поклоннически практики сред православните християни – по примери от Тереспол (Полша) и Шумен (България)

Author(s): Daniel Fokas / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

A widely popular concept among Orthodox Christians is that religious images as intermediaries between man and God (the Mother of God or the saints) can give material signs of the divine presence on Earth and often do so. First comes the veneration of miracle-working icons, which are connected to narratives of miraculous events and considered the most helpful mediators for prayers addressed to God, the Virgin or a saint. Another popular notion is that icons can miraculously renew themselves or exude holy oil or blood, and give out fragrance. Two cases of largescale myrrh-gushing from the recent years offer different examples of the emergence, development and interpretation of such miraculous events in Orthodox shrines. The first case is from the town of Terespol in Eastern Poland (since 2010) and the second one comes from the town of Shumen in Northern Bulgaria (from 2017). In the Polish case, the myrrh-streaming continued for a long period of time, encompassed other icons as well and was accompanied by stories of miraculous healings. It was approved by the Church as a manifestation of divine nature. All these occurrences gave an impetus to the development of the veneration of the myrrh-streaming icon of the Theotokos Gorgoepēkoos (She Who Is Quick to Hear) and stimulated pilgrimage to the town.In the case from Bulgaria there was also large-scale myrrh-streaming, but it happened only once, at the feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God (15 August). The event was accepted just as a divine sign and was interpreted mainly as given for the sake of penance and strengthening of faith. The fact that no myrrh was gathered and there were no consequent miracles made the Church take a more passive position and the local bishop just unofficially referred to the general Orthodox idea of myrrh-streaming icons.Events of this kind, which were traditionally taken for miracles, often provoke scepticism and doubts of falsification in modern times. For that reason, they are examined by committees appointed by the Church or inspected by bishops, and even submitted to chemical tests. All these processes emphasize the icons’ multifaceted presence in local communities and in society in general.

Полски духовни песни в българската източнокатолическа музика

Author(s): Stefka Venkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Polish popular religious songs are part of the repertoires of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches in Bulgaria. These songs were introduced in the paraliturgical practice via different ways. One reason was the influence of missionaries from monastic communities from Poland: the friars from the Resurrectionist Congregation, the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin и the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. On the other hand, the personal influence of St. Pope John Paul II also contributed to the process. During his pontificate, some Polish popular religious songs that he supposedly liked gained popularity in Bulgaria. The presence of Polish popular religious songs in the Eastern Catholic repertoire, accepted and assimilated in the local tradition, is an example of various interactions: between East and West; between Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic music; and between two Slavic cultures, the Polish and the Bulgarian one. The popular religious songs are a brilliant example of cultural transfer, implemented on different levels: religious, confessional, national and universal. The focus of the paper is on three songs, which are a part of the Eastern Catholic song repertoire in modern times.

Политически пърформанси в българския медиен поток

Author(s): Silvia Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2021

The text presents the main conclusions based on the study of the political messages in the Turkish series broadcasted on Bulgarian television and on Netflix. The main political messages in the series, showed on Bulgarian television, are the responsibility for decisions, connect with the life of a woman and a child. Among the important political topics are: migration, education abroad and returning home, conflicts between rich and poor.

Разказът на един музиковед

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov,Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2021

Review of Rosemary Statelova's latest book ‘The Story of a Musicologist’ (Sofia: Riva, 2020). The book, defined as ‘memoir-autobiography’, is not only a biography of Rosemary Statelova, her family and professional environment, but also a biographical history of the packed Bulgarian time in the last 70 years, structured as fragments of memories and texts.

Et ainxi comme Dieu het orgueil ... L’allégorie de Prudence faite histoire dans la Chronique de Morée

Author(s): Stadnichenko Yaroslav / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2021

The Chronicle of Morea, a text written in the 14th century at the crossroads of Western and Byzantine worlds, features an episode in which a certain Kantakouzenos, a Byzantine general, is killed during a brief encounter of the Byzantine and the Moreote armies near a place called Sergiana. The episode appears in all three main versions of the Chronicle—Greek, French, and Aragonese—although the details of the anecdote are different. The French version of the Chronicle explains the death of Kantakouzenos as an act of divine punishment for the deadly sin of pride. This article argues that the episode was at least indirectly inspired by the Psychomachia of Prudentius, an allegorical poem of the early 5th century which exerted an immense influence on the Medieval West, thus proving that the Principality of Achaia belonged to the same cultural space. This recalls several other examples of Psychomachia’s influences, both in literature and art, notably in France. The differences between the three versions of the Chronicle of Morea are also analyzed in connection to this particular episode.

Form and Function of the Old Czech Lists of New Testament Lections

Author(s): Andrea Svobodová,Katerina Volekova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

À la fin du Moyen Âge, les manuscrits bibliques étaient souvent complétés par des textes non bibliquestrès divers, progressivement utilisés à la place des auxiliaires liturgiques. Ils pouvaient être employés pendantla liturgie de la messe au lieu des missels et des lectionnaires, et dans la prière quotidienne à la place des bréviaires. Cette tendance peut être observée dans les sources bibliques tchèques, dans le cas des péricopes pour lamesse. Les évangéliaires, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble de péricopes en texte intégral, prédominaient, au xive siècle,mais ils ont été complètement remplacés, au xve siècle, par de simples index de péricopes attachés aux manuscritsdu Nouveau Testament ou accompagnés de passages de l’Ancien Testament en texte intégral (en particulierpour la période de quarante jours du Grand Carême). L’étude se concentre sur la transformation de la formeet de la fonction des registres de péricopes copiés dans les sources bibliques tchèques de la fin du Moyen Âge,en particulier sur la pratique liturgique hussite, bien que la question de leur utilisation reste partiellement sansréponse.

The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms (3)

Author(s): Fabienne Toupin,Ileana Sasu,Jasińska Katarzyna,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

This study represents a continuation of two previous publications—“The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research” (Museikon, 3, 2019, p. 67-140), hence forth abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2019; and “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research (2)” (Museikon, 4, 2020, p. 257-302), hence forth abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2020. The study will be finalized in the next issue of Museikon (6,2022) with the addition of the last languages taken into consideration.

‘Saints and Soldiers’. 19th-Century Russian Religious Art in Southern Bulgaria

Author(s): Angel Nikolov / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

Articolul prezintă câteva observații asupra a două instituții monahale rusești înființate pentru comemorarea vitejiei și eroismului soldaților și ofițerilor ruși morți în timpul războiului ruso-turc din 1877-1878: Mănăstirea Înălțării Domnului, cu biserica „Sf. Alexandru Nevski”, construite între 1879-1882 pe dealurile Bakadzhik de lângă Yambol, la ordinul celebrului „General Alb” Mihail Skobelev, și Mănăstirea Nașterii Domnului din orașul Shipka, construită (și probabil și sfințită în 1902) la inițiativa mamei generalului, OlgaSkobeleva, de către un comitet director condus de diplomatul și omul de stat rus Nikolai Ignatiev.

Revealing the History of the Objects. A Synergy between Restorers and Chemists (RICONTRANS Project Research)

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

The ‘life’ of an object (the date of creation and its ‘adventure’ throughout time) can be revealed through a masterly interplay of historical, conservation, and scientific investigation. This is why a fruitful collaboration between chemists and restorers within the RICONTRANS Project(Visual Culture, Piety and Propaganda: Transfer and Reception of Russian Religious Art in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean (16th-early 20th c.) has been initiated, in order to gain new insights into the phenomenon of the transfer and reception of Russian iconography in Transylvania.