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Grammatical Synonymy with Adverbs and Adverbials in English and Romanian

Author(s): Anca Florina Lipan / Language(s): English Issue: XVIII/2017

Although not as popular as lexical synonymy, grammatical synonymy is equally important and yet not very much analyzed. Terms such as “equivalent pairs of sentences” or“parallel constructions” are used in the specialized literature, fact which points to the still little approval of the term of grammatical synonymy. The present paper will give a brief account of the synonymy at the level of adverbs and adverbials. The existence of synonymy seems to be proven not only at the level of the relationship established between adverbs and other word classes and their capability of replacing each other in structures conveying similar meanings, but it is obvious that translation is another source of synonymy between different languages or between different translations of the same source text, which is worth exploring.

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Cultural-Linguistic Aspect of Teaching and Learning Spanish Colour Idioms and Symbols

Author(s): Elina Grodska,Anastasiia Machulianska,Ludmila Shapa / Language(s): English Issue: 1 Sup1/2020

The article argues that idiomatic competence should receive considerable attention during the process of foreign language acquisition because of the modern processes of European integration, which are putting forward a priority task for technical education and some fields of humanitarian one – training the future specialists to function professionally under the conditions of multicultural environment. Thus, the main purpose of foreign language teaching is to form the understanding of all psychological peculiarities of another national culture representative. The main objective of this article is to show the effectiveness of the acquisition of foreign language skills in the unity of language and culture, that was proved on the basis of the results obtained during the experimental Spanish training of 1 and 2 year students of Odessa National Polytechnic University in 2018-2019 academic year. The object of the experiment is the linguistic units denoting the colour spectrum in Spanish. To optimise the training process the corresponding verbal-oriented stages were outlined. The process of teaching Spanish idioms related to colour contains three stages. The first stage considers units whose cultural and linguistic fields coincide. The second one concerns more complex units denoting the shades of colours, which are formed in different ways in the compared languages. The third stage represents the Spanish phraseological units, whose metaphorical meanings are both far from the direct one and logical assessment of the relevant notions. The units of such kind should be taught successively by gradually increasing their complexity.

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L’IMPLICITO NEGLI ENUNCIATI UMORISTICI: PROSPETTIVA PRAGMALINGUISTICA

Author(s): Rita Scotti Jurić,Nada Poropat / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4/2011

Dopo aver passato in rassegna alcuni dei più rilevanti modelli teorici dell’umorismo, il presente saggio offre l’analisi degli enunciati umoristici in chiave pragmalinguistica e sociopragmatica. Vengono rilevate le strategie pragmatiche e i meccanismi linguistico-stilistici che generano effetti umoristici in seguito al mancato rispetto delle massime conversazionali, teorizzate da Grice nell’ambito del Principio della cooperazione, come pure viene messa in evidenza l’importanza del cotesto e contesto. I postulati della Teoria della pertinenza (Theory of Relevance) e del Principio di cortesia (politeness) servono da cornice per evidenziare le caratteristiche e il funzionamento delle inferenze e per spiegare l’interpretazione delle presupposizioni e delle implicature conversazionali.

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A szecesszió stílussajátosságai Csáth Géza korai novellisztikájában

Author(s): Adrienn Károly / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Art Nouveau can be interpreted as a general, all-European movement of the late 19th century art rejuvenation, but also as a stylistic orientation. Artistic works created during their existence often are not homogeneous in their style, but show a specific mixture of the trends of the era. However, its typical features include decorativity and stylization. The paper illustrates the features of the Art Nouveau style by examining the texts of the short stories of Géza Csáth’s early pathway, The Magician’s Garden and and The Deputy Judge’s Family and Other Stories, and outlines the verbal and visual intermediality in literature. Géza Csáth’s use of Art Nouveau language is characterized by the use of decorative motifs, the use of sensual sensations with decorative motifs, in which the basic motifs of secessionist literature (flower, garden, death, seduction) also appear in his texts.

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The Metaphorical Aspect of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law

Author(s): Monika Zalewska / Language(s): English Issue: 65/2018

The article examines the cognitive, metaphorical dimension of the pure theory of law and demonstrates that Hans Kelsen used metaphorical language in his description of law, and unintentionally created a unique set of cognitive metaphors in order to make the theory of law focused on the abstract “Ought” world comprehensible. The paper argues that it would be impossible for Kelsen to describe norms without metaphors. The paper uses Lakoff and Johnson’s theory as a framework for the interpretation of this metaphorical aspect of the pure theory of law. Hence the following paragraphs will examine the cognitive context of the abstract categories crucial for the pure theory of law, such as: the category of Ought, imputation, basic norms and the dynamic (hierarchical) structure of law. This article is based on the position that an analysis of the cognitive dimension of the pure theory of law might yield promising results which could reveal new aspects of the central categories in this theory. This article is an attempt to explore the possibilities provided by merging these two theories and checking if the results brings some new knowledge about the pure theory of law and legal thinking in general.

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ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИЙОМІВ СУГЕСТІЇ У СУЧАСНІЙ РЕКЛАМІ

Author(s): Lyudmila Cherednyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

Purpose of the article. The article discusses current issues of the formation of the terms “advertising” and “suggestion” and analyzes the use of suggestive techniques in modern advertising. The methodology includes the use of a descriptive method, an analysis and a synthesis method to identify the socio-cultural significance of advertising. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive characterization of the most typical types of advertising and the analysis of the main techniques of suggestion used in advertising, in linguistic discourse. Conclusions. A detailed analysis of the genesis of the terms “advertising” and “suggestion” proves that they have a long interesting history, which is closely related to the development of world scientific and technological progress. In the course of the study, the origin of advertising in antiquity was examined, the development of handwritten advertising was analyzed, and a review was made of the emergence of European and Ukrainian advertising publications. The study showed that the concept of “advertising” is perceived by modern scientists as a multidimensional phenomenon since it is studied from a social, economic, psychological, linguistic, aesthetic point of view. It was also noted that the most influential is the verbal impact, carried out with the help of persuasion, suggestion, and motivation (expression of will). The author also emphasizes that the most famous means of disseminating advertising are the press, television, telephone calls, transportation, etc. The article presents the most common classification of advertising. The suggestion also has a multi-valued character, since it is widely used not only in literary criticism but also in linguistics, psychology, theater learning, advertising and is based on the sensually-associative component of human consciousness. The types of advertising used in magazines, on billboards, and on television are presented as examples. It was also noted that linguistic examples of suggestions have a tendency to functional-stylistic deformation, with which advertising managers can manipulate the human mind.

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THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR ''DISEASE IS WAR'' AND ITS MAJOR MAPPINGS

Author(s): Dragan Mišković / Language(s): English Issue: XVIII/2020

From the very beginning, conceptual metaphor has been one of the interest areas in Cognitive linguistics and an integral part of cognitive linguistics theory. Among other things, this linguistic approach deals with the motivation of conceptual metaphors, their cultural specificity, conventionality, and the question of whether it is a well-established structure of knowledge or a process. Metaphor is not just a rhetorical device, but something we use in everyday communication, and after a brief overview of the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor through the metaphor DISEASE IS WAR, specific examples from the English and B/H/S language extracted from the Google browser will be analyzed.

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Grammatische Abweichungen in der Lyrik? Sprachwissenschaftliche Beobachtungen zur Deviationspoetik

Author(s): Nathalie Nicolay / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

This contribution deals with the question what it means from a linguistic point of view to claim that poetic texts are characterized by deviation. It will be argued that peculiarities of word order conform to the readers’ expectations and, therefore, should be considered inconspicuous instead of deviant. By contrast, true syntactic deviation often consists of some isolated violation of argument structure. Moreover, comparison with examples of morphological creativity shows that each grammatical level requires its own specific description of rules and patterns, hence of deviation.

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A nyelvváltozatok stilisztikai szerepe Székely Csaba Vitéz Mihály című komikus történelmi tragédiájában

Author(s): Ibolya Czetter / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2015

The focus of my paper is the play Michael the Brave by Csaba Székely, a playwright from Marosvásárhely (Târgu-Mureş). The play was written for the National Drama Competition announced by the Weöres Sándor Theatre in 2013. In my lecture I am going to investigate the play from the perspective of its linguistic complexity and the stylistic functions of its language variations. The play is remarkable not only for its subject matter but also for its extraordinary style. The piece is set at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, focusing on the rise and fall of Michael the Brave, the Prince of Wallachia, who united the three Principalities under a single rule. The play is a risky venture also for its peculiar perspective. The present is juxtaposed with the past, pushing historical, social and political issues into the foreground in an uncompromising, selfironic way while utilizing a dense network of references to our Hungarian present. Csaba Székely has written a parody of a history play, a postmodern pastiche, in which the duality of the historic credibility and the fictional world is also projected onto its stylistic-linguistic character. Hence it is worth investigating how the multiple stylistic variations are created, each assuming its own perspective and truth.

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СТИЛИСТИКА − ИНТЕРНЕТ - СТИЛИСТИКА

Author(s): Lidija Tanturovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2016

The subject of analysis in this article will be internet stylistics. Stylistics and internet stylistics are not scientific disciplines in contradiction. Internet stylistics should be understood as a scientific discipline that comes from the stylistics, which got a new communicative frame and which accepted functional stratification of language.

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Persvazivní prostředky e-mail marketingu

Author(s): Radka Holanová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 51/2022

In the article we deal with several examples of e-mail marketing as one of the forms of direct marketing, which is being paid less attention by linguists at the moment. In this form of advertising we found some typical advertising strategies, but also language forms used more in spoken informal language. The language analysis is based on series of 53 emails received after the author´s reaction on Facebook profile called Jak vyléčit ekzém – Hanka Dvořák Farkačová. Typical manifestations of e-mail marketing noticed in our material are e.g. addressing the recipient by the first name, emotional expressions, personal story and sharing experience, empathy, contrast etc. Further we noticed many adjectives and adverbs, which provoke fear and other negative emotions. The mails also included high level of appeal (directive function) realized mainly by imperatives, intensifiers, hyperbole, idioms, rhetoric questions and many other language means. We paid attention also to graphic means, especially use of emoticons and emoji.

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Počátky české inzerce a reklamy ve Spojených státech amerických

Author(s): Alena Jaklová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 51/2022

The paper deals with advertising in the Czech immigrant press in the United States at the very beginning of its existence, i. e. at the beginning of the second half of the 19th century. It contrasts the occurrence and form of advertising in Czech-American periodicals, specifically in Slowan amerikánský and Národní noviny, with advertising published in the corresponding German-American and Czech periodicals. In doing so, he observes the verbal and non-verbal aspects of the advertisements, in particular the image and typographical treatment of the text. On the basis of the historical facts found, the paper concludes with a challenge to define advertising style and to define it as one of the other independent functional styles in Czech stylistics.

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Štylistická analýza testamentov zo Starej Ľubovne s dôrazom na emotívnosť textu

Author(s): Peter Karpinský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

The study brings the stylistic analysis of The Book of Testaments of the Townsmen from Stará Ľubovňa 1660 – 1747, which represents one of the few well-preserved archived sources from the town Stará Ľubovňa. The manuscript contains 49 testaments, inventories and confirmations of testaments and it represents the source of information about the life of the testaments´ creators. At the same time, it brings the details on the way of life in the contemporary society, the ownership and family conditions as well as on the character of the language used in the given period on the Slovak-Polish border. The study concentrates on the compositional and content analysis of the individual testaments and it also draws attention to the specificities which are typical of these genres belonging to the administrative style. The analysis focuses on the category of emotivity which influences the overall character of the text and on the modifications towards the iconicity of the text. The final part brings the evaluation of the analysed phenomena emerging dominantly from the textual macro strategy and it reveals the hybrid nature of the texts.

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Náboženský štýl mormónov

Author(s): Miroslav Kazík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

We start from the statement that religious style can be considered a special style. After socio-political changes in 1989, several new religious movements or alternative religiosity were established in Slovakia, among them the Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), who created a specific style here, mainly due to the presence of foreign missionaries. In the post, we gave an insight into the religious style of this new religious movement. We started from the Slovak stylistic tradition and proposed a possible classification of secondary styles or genres of Mormon religious style, which are primarily biblical style, Mormon style (according to the Book of Mormon), ceremonial style (liturgical, ceremonial), preaching and catechetical style. In the Mormon environment, other styles that do not belong to the religious style are also represented, and in the case of several texts of other styles, we can talk about religious style quotes. The paper also suggested possibilities for further research into the religious style of the Mormons.

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Podoby žánru portrét vo vybraných slovenských denníkoch

Author(s): Jana Kičura-Sokolová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

The subject of the presented study is a journalistic profile. The paper defines and delimits the journalistic profile, focuses on its characteristics, function and classification and its distinction from related genres. It monitors its occurrence in three selected Slovak dailies – Pravda, Denník N, Hospodárske noviny. It focuses on the context of publication, observes the field of work of the profile´s subject and the type of journalistic profile. At the same time, it monitors the peculiarities of factual and analytical types of profiles on selected samples of analytical and factual profiles through partial analysis.It focuses on basic text strategies (descriptive, explicative) and the properties resulting from them, such as description, analysis, enumerability, factuality.The aim of the contribution is to bring an initial view of the profile genre in the space of selected Slovak newspapers and to present the genre of profile in a genreological context.

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Zvukové jazykovoštylistické prostriedky v rečovom prejave rozhlasového komentovania hokeja

Author(s): Marianna Kraviarová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 51/2022

The aim of the paper was to point out audio paralinguistic elements that are used when commenting on the radio broadcast of a hockey match. Specifically, it was the quarter-final meeting between Slovakia and Finland at the 2022 Ice Hockey World Championship, which took place on 05/26/2022. The analysis of audio recordings was carried out in the program for phonetic analysis – Praat. We focused on the use of suprasegmental phenomena, which are realized by temporal (pause, quantity, tempo), force (intensity, emphasis) and tonal (voice register) modulation of the speech of both radio commentators. We focused on the audio analysis of the speech of the radio commentator, where the player's situations are described, followed by the scoring of a goal. Based on the measured values of suprasegmental phenomena, we searched for common sound stylistic elements of the speech expression of the ice hockey radio commentary.

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Laická stylistika

Author(s): Lucie Saicová Římalová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 51/2022

The author introduces the term laická stylistika (folk stylistics) for opinions and theories of lay speakers related to style. Folk stylistics is a sub-field of folk linguistics. It belongs among numerous other folk theories and shares numerous features with them. In the Czech context, it is difficult to define a “lay speaker”, as practically all speakers of Czech have encountered some scientific linguistic and stylistic theory at school. The relationship between the folk theory and the scientific one may therefore be relatively complex. In the second part of the article, the author analyses folk stylistics in speakers of Czech as it can be reconstructed from public internet discussions concerning Christmas and New-Year’s-Eve speeches by Czech politicians. The author uses the methodology of the linguistic image of the world, combined with selected other approaches. The data demonstrate various features of folk stylistics: The speakers may have various stylistic theories about Christmas and New-Year’s-Eve speeches even though they probably have encountered no or little theoretical instruction concerning these speeches at school and they may not have larger personal experience with similar texts. The evaluation produced by lay speakers is relatively complex and covers various external and internal factors of the given genre. It is also subjective, relatively vague, and influenced by the lay speaker’s attitude towards politics and politicians.

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The use of passive voice in academic writing. Evidence from Danish, Norwegian and Swedish as L1 and L2

Author(s): Paulina Horbowicz,Dominika Skrzypek,Mikołaj Sobkowiak,Natalia Kołaczek / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2019

The paper studies the use of the passive voice in academic texts written in Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) by their native speakers and by adult Polish learners of those languages. The corpus consists of 37 MA theses written in Scandinavia and in Poland. A number of referring verbs were chosen for the purpose of the analysis. The results show that while there are discrepancies in the use of the passive voice in texts written by Polish and Scandinavian students, they cannot be unequivocally diagnosed as resulting from the grammatical and stylistic influence of the mother tongue.

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A nyelvi aformalizmus és a formális stílus

Author(s): István Lanstyák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

This paper deals with one of the language ideologies that are used to stigmatize formal style – language nonformalism, based on quotations from two representative publications of traditional Hungarian language cultivation, the Nyelvművelő kézikönyv (Language Cultivation Handbook) and the Nyelvművelő kéziszótár (Concise Language Cultivation Dictionary). Language nonformalism is one of the language ideologies that the representatives of traditional language cultivation use to ensure that language forms they consider inappropriate are eliminated from use. Such ideologies are called language correctness ideologies. In the substantive part of the paper, first formal style is briefly described, and then, with the help of quotations from these two publications – which are said to be of outstanding importance for Hungarian language cultivation –, the ideology of language nonformalism will be presented, together with other language ideologies that can be observed in the quotations. Examples of correctness judgements on four language phenomena are given: 1. postpositions and postposition-like nouns; 2. conjunctions; 3. light verb constructions; 4. past participles used predicatively. In several instances, the validity of the language cultivators’ claims about language use is checked with data from the Hungarian National Corpus and from the publications under study themselves.

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Језичко-стилска средства за исказивање етнокултурних хетеростереотипа у српским електронским медијима

Author(s): Jelena Lj. Spasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents the analysis of the most frequent linguistic and stylistic means for expressing ethnocultural heterostereotypes in Serbian electronic media. The analysis has been conducted on concrete linguistic excerpts from Serbian electronic media. The paper aims to show characteristics of linguistic and stylistic means for expressing ethnocultural heterostereotypes. The research is a contribution to journalism stylistics. The most frequent linguistic means of ethnocultural heterostereotypes in Serbian electronic media are phraseology with ethnics and metaphors. The analysis of newspaper texts in Serbian digital media showed common choices of phraseology as expressive linguistic means, used to attract and sustain attention. The use of phraseology with ethnics makes factual newspaper text more expressible and draws attention, which also has an impact on shaping ethnocultural stereotypes among readers. In reports and columns, which belong to the publicistic genre, journalists use linguistic and stylistic means for expressing ethnocultural heterotereotypes not to reinforce stereotypes, but to encourage readers to rethink established ideas about other ethnocultural communities.

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