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THE STATUS OF FOREIGN ARMED FORCES ON THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY. REGULATIONS, SPECIFIC CASES, SOLUTIONS REGARDING JURISDICTIONS

Author(s): Florin Maciu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Regardless of the controversies caused by the presence of allied forces on the Romanianterritory, reality proves beyond any doubt that the Romanian state wishes to build uponsuch a situation to the benefi t of its own security, especially in the current internationalconjuncture. Such a choice may seem logical and responsible to the great majority of theRomanian people. However, in our opinion, there is still an element that needs to be adjusted:the same people’s perception on the status of foreign armed forces on the Romanian territory.The current paper aims to approach some legal issues regarding this matter, to contribute toa better understanding of the regulations that govern this domain and to reveal a principlethat needs to be unanimously accepted: the allied forces need to be treated, for better orworse, just like a host nation’s military.

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FORMS OF REPEATED DISCOURSE (DOUBLESPEAK) IN ROMANIAN MILITARY MASS MEDIA

Author(s): Alexandru Constantinescu,Adrian Lesenciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The main objective of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of forms of repeatedinterviews present in the Romanian military mass media. Starting from the particularities ofthe repeated discourse, expressed through langue de bois during the communist era and fromits concealed forms displayed within the current Romanian written journals, we debated overthe linguistic patterns used for the accomplishment of two permanent sections of the weekly“Military Observer”. The current paper, part of an ampler research focused on the achievementof a comparative study realized by means of the contents analysis of two sections of the journal,aims at investigating elements of discursive nature that reveal a form of the unconcealed usageof the langue de bois within the “Interview” section of the military publication.

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SOVEREIGN INVESTMENT FUNDS AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF TOURISM. DISCUSSIONS ON ROMANIA’S CASE

Author(s): Mircea Boscoianu,Mihai Costea,Aura Codreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Tourism, a well defi ned fi eld in the services area, is expanding at global level as a resultof the complex and diversifi ed amenities it provides as adaptive and dynamic solutions toclients’ requirements. Along with the development of this phenomenon, new and innovativedecisions for effi cient investments like establishing Private Equity Funds (PEFs) or SovereignInvestment Funds (SIMs) aimed at easing the fl ow of investments into areas of interest liketourism have been made. Thus, the aim of this paper is to overview the evolution of sovereignfunds in the current post-crisis context, to make an analysis of the implications incurred bythe employment of such innovative macro-investment solutions for the development of tourismin an emerging country. Moreover, it approaches the possibility of establishing a Romaniansovereign investment fund that could contribute to this country’s economic development and,inherently, to its tourism.

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FACTORS EFFECTING TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION DECISIONS IN NATIONAL DEFENSE PROJECTS

Author(s): Gokhan Astan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

“Defense Industry” (DI) not only strengthens the military power of a country, but alsoeffects other fi elds of technology and economy positively and enables countries to be muchmore powerful in terms of their competitiveness in technology and knowledge instead ofmerely being a follower and a continuous customer. If a state seeks to have high-tech andcapable DI the only foundation is to create a national environment which is managed basedon a systematic ”Technology Management” philosophy and well-defi ned ”Acquisition”process. With already reduced resources, it is crucial to spend money for the most neededand right technology. Consequently, the focus of this study is on the “Acquisition’’ and”Technology Transfer’’ (TT) concepts and approaches. As such the different TT methods arecompared and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. In the last part of the study, DIis described and assessed in terms of the TT methods.

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DESIGNING A MODERN LABORATORY FOR URBAN COMBAT TRAINING (L4UCT). A PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY BASED APPROACH

Author(s): Dorel Badea,Iancu Dumitru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper presents the essential coordinates of the project concerning the achievement offeasible versions in terms of their design and functions) of a laboratory for urban operationsfor cadets, with high potential for implementation in military higher education institutions.Data to identify the optimal correlation (in terms of technical, system and operationalviews) between game and simulation, applicable in the military fi eld, based on the use ofavailable airsoft weapons and specialized softwares existing on the specialized market formilitary and / or civilian use are envisaged. Our approach for this project maintains thecommon areas (resources, rules, actors) in the professional civil literature and the types ofsimulation defi ned in military documents: real simulation (it implies real people operatingreal systems), virtual simulation (it implies real people operating simulated systems) andconstructive simulation (models and simulations which imply simulated people operatingsimulated systems, with real people setting the premises but not determining in any way theoutcome of the simulation).

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CHALLENGES WHEN DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Author(s): Brînduşa Maria Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Developing key performance indicators (KPIs) represents one step closer to theachievement of objectives and strategic vision of the organization. They are importantelements of the pathway towards performance, they evaluate and indicate the level of progress,guide the organizational strategy, they can be considered even the qualitative or quantitativeexpression of the execution of the strategy. Building reliable and appropiate measurementsystems is one of the most diffi cult stage in the performance evaluation process. Such systemsof management will help the executives and the management teams identify and build uponthe elements that create competitive advantage and opportunities for better results.

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RELATIONAL APPROACHES REGARDING THE RECEPTION, STAGING, ONWARD MOVEMENT & INTEGRATION PROCESS WITHIN THE FORCE PROTECTION MECHANISMS IN THEATRES OF JOINT OPERATIONS

Author(s): Gheorghe MINCULETE,Polixenia Olar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Presently, the strategic security environment is characterized by uncertainty, complexity,rapid changes and persistent confl ict. This environment is fl uid, with continually changingalliances and partnerships, new national and transnational threats constantly appearing anddisappearing. The global process of crisis and confl ict management became more diffi cult to behandled because of the existing economic and military instability, the persistence of the economiccrisis, and the development of extremism, revisionist, secessionist or separatist manifestations.The current article approaches the problem of Reception, Staging, Onward Movement &Integration Process as part of the complex force protection mechanism which takes place intheatres of joint operations. In this respect, we will briefl y present the international securityenvironment which infl uences the projection of NATO, United States and European Union’smilitary forces, in accordance with strategic and operational requirements.

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INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS. AN IMPORTANT AID TO NATIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Laurentiu Barcan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Securing organizational processes is an objective and a permanent objective oforganizations active in the fi eld of national security, and to this end there are differentsolutions, both software and hardware. A modern solution may be the effi cient use of BusinessProcess Management and Business Process Execution Language as tools to optimize andstreamline decision fl ows.

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NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE AND SOME PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF LOGISTICS BASED ON NETWORKING

Author(s): Jalba Petrisor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Within the framework of the current revolution in military affairs, at the End of the ColdWar a new concept was born: the concept of War Based on Computer Networking or NCWNetwork Centric-Warfare which was established as a central element of modern militaryoperationsDetermined by theprogress recorded in the fi eld of communication systems of alltypes, technology of information (HI-Tech, IT), war based on computer networking bringsa change in the war paradigm and its inherent components In this respect, logistics basedon computer networking represents one of the ways in which the reality of the battlefi eld ispreserved which enhances the joint perspective upon the military forces.

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INTELLIGENCE CYCLE PLANNING IN MILITARY COALITION OPERATIONS

Author(s): Catalin Anton / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

A long list of allied or coalition type military actions against entities declared asaggressors, failed or terrorist states/organizations has been recorded for the past 25 years.To reach an end state for any action planned by the military or established at any decagonmakinglevel, usually the political one, all information must be shared throughout all coalition/allied components. That is mainly done by specialized elements that play the role of primarystructures in charge of analyzing all information necessary for the military commander’sdecision-making process. In this context, the article aims to outline the importance of thedecision-making process for military commandants, as part of large /important coalition/allied structures and the level of training required of the latter to use the intelligence cycle tofulfi ll their main mission in their area of responsibility.

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CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN TUNISIA AND LIBYA THROUGH THE ARAB SPRING

Author(s): Chris Townsend / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This paper analyzes the role of civil-military relations in the disparate outcomesof two Arab-spring countries: Tunisia and Libya. Applying paradigms developed bySerra, Schedler, and Matei, the paper explores the state of civil-military relationsbefore, during, and after the Arab spring and shows that civil-military relationswere a key variable in the outcomes. The fi ndings demonstrate the importance ofinternational military education and training efforts in developing countries asa hedge against instability. The global community has an important role to playin helping to professionalize military forces around the world and improve civilmilitaryrelationships.

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PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. AN ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES, CHANGES IN COMMAND ACTION AND TRAINING NEEDS

Author(s): Ünsal Sigri,Ufuk Basar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this paper is to uncover emerging challenges of peacekeepingoperations, determine the changes in command actions and its effects on theprofessional preparation of commanders by analyzing experiences of militaryoffi cers. To that end the research data were collected by means of structured faceto-face interviews with voluntary participation of fourteen offi cers, who took chargein various peacekeeping operations. The collected data were analyzed based onthe content analysis method. Findings indicate that peacekeeping operations posespecifi c challenges for peacekeepers, necessitate changes in command action interms of fl exibility and new precautions in terms of preparation of commanders.

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LEARNING INSTITUTIONS’ VULNERABILITY TO TERRORISM. AN OVERVIEW OF ISSUE COVERAGE IN NOWADAYS’ MEDIA AND SPECIALISED LITERATURE & A CASE STUDY OF GARISSA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KENYA

Author(s): Elijah Onyango Standslause Odhiambo,Stella Wasike,Sussy Namaemba Kimokoti / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Terrorist groups like the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, (ISIL), Al-Shabaaband Al-Qaeda have the knowledge and the capability to strike anywhere in Kenya andwith Kenya Defense Forces’ (KDF) incursion into Somalia in mid-October 2011, thecitizens in Mandera, Moyale, Garrisa, Nairobi and Mombasa have been attackedand lives lost. This confi rms that Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda have been motivated byKenya Defense Forces’ (KDF), now under the African Union Mission for Somalia(AMISOM) incursion into Somalia and they will continue to attack Kenya as a wayof retaliation. The importance of Learning Institutions makes it a soft target forISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terrorists. The fact that ISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terrorists will strike at Learning Institutions is real and this can be confi rmedby the Garissa University College, Kenya terror attack where 148 people were killedon 2 April, 2015. The risk of terrorists attack against this critical infrastructurecan result in communal disruptions, disarray, and even overreaction on the part ofgovernments and the public as a result of any attack, may be high. We argue thatLearning Institutions are vulnerable to ISIL, Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda terroristattacks. In summary, the article looks at the concepts of terrorism, the dangers ofattack on Learning Institutions, Kenya’s Learning Institutions preparedness andconcludes with a set of recommendations.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY OF CYBERSPACE

Author(s): Cezar Vasilescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The article proposes an analysis regarding the relationship between Internetusage and language. Moreover, it highlights the impact the latter have on thehuman interactions depicted by future knowledge societies within the framework ofthe Information Age. This endeavor explores from a linguistic perspective how cyberusers’ native language affects their Internet usage patterns. Hence, its fi nal goal is todetermine whether the Internet is expected to remain overbalanced in English usage.In this respect, the relationship between web users’ native language and the languagecontent of the Internet websites they access is also examined based on statistic data.

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ASPECTS OF POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR CYBER SECURITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Ilina Armencheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Freedom and prosperity of mankind greatly depend on an innovative, safe andreliable Internet that, of course, will keep evolving. Cyber space must be protectedfrom incidents, misuse and abuse. Handling the increasing number of threats tocyber security is a challenge that national security and the trend in the internationalenvironment face. This makes taking fast and adequate measures at national,European and international level a must. Changing national security strategies andadopting new cyber security strategies are a part of these measures.

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INTER–ORGANIZATIONAL COLLABORATIVE CAPACITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTIONS’CONTROL ENTITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Author(s): Nikola T. Stoyanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Environmental challenges and natural disasters demand new tools to support theperformance of public institutions in emergency situations. This paper contributes to one of thefundamental objectives – inter–organizational collaboration, namely to the objective to shareexperience from the implementation of methods and tools and latest research results in supportof management in the new security environment. In addition, it focuses on the cognitive andhuman aspects of collaboration. The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of differentfactors and tools for understanding, explaining, and measuring collaborative capacity ofpublic sector institutions’ control organism in emergency situations. The paper will presentintermediate results from the research on “Inter–organizational collaborative capacity ofpublic sector institutions’ control entities in emergency situations”. Based on a theoreticalmodel, a draft instrument was developed (i.e., a questionnaire) for data collection that can beused to 1) investigate the impact of different factors, 2) localize ineffi ciencies in public sectorinstitutions’ control organs, and 3) determine measures to achieve better organizationaleffectiveness of public sector institutions’ control entities in emergency situations.

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STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ARMED FORCES ACADEMY OF GENERAL M. R. ŠTEFÁNIK IN LIPTOVSKÝ MIKULÁŠ, THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Author(s): Maria Petrufova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The article stresses the importance of strategic knowledge management in the era ofglobal competition. Strategic knowledge management raises the demand for permanentlearning stressing the visions and personal aspirations of everyone within the moderneffi cient organisation. Within the AFA of General M.R. Štefánik and, inherently, in the ArmedForces of the Slovak Republic, strategic knowledge management employs and implementsknowledge as the ultimate step in the knowledge pyramid.

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PERSONNEL PLANNING. A COMPARATIVE OUTLOOK

Author(s): Catalin Constantin Samoila / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

From a very wide perspective, planning has raised lots of issues over time. Managementand business theory struggle to teach what planning is, and why it is so dramaticallyimportant, in a manner which seemingly quotes Antoine de Saint-Exupery -“A goal withouta plan is just a wish”, or sets up awareness through Benjamin Franklin’s famous words -“Byfailing to prepare, you are preparing to fail” [1]. However, some voices are circumspect orbalance between the usefulness of plans and planning: “… plans are useless, but planning isindispensable” [2], while others, sporadically but decisively, criticize the entire organizationalplanning process, presenting it as a total failure [3]. Sometimes the ‘cons’ are right, meaningthat real life might bring more surprise than ever expected. Even so, organizations benefi tfrom planning by trying at least to ‘see’ one step forward, and to avoid total uncertainty orcritical situations, if not to improve. The military ones are not exempt. Military planninghas become the organic environment for such organizations since Napoleonic wars, or evenlonger ago. This present attempt does not intend to deeply analyze the antagonist advocaciesover planning, but to bring under comparison, in a brief manner, the business-shapedtheoretical approach of planning, against the real concerns of the Romanian military systemin terms of manpower planning.

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GENERAL MILITARY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SPECIAL FORCES HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. A COMPARATIVE OUTLOOK

Author(s): Marius Emil Patrichi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The switch from conscript’s army to an all volunteer force military brought newchallenges for the military organization. This is more obvious in the human resource domainthan in any other area. In the competition to recruit and retain quality personnel, the militaryorganizations should strategically align the human resource management to the overallstrategy. The challenges are greater for the Special Forces because the need for a rigorousselection process to recruit from within the military. The rift already in place between theconventional military and the Special Forces need to be overcome to transform the strainrelationship into a positive sum game.

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A STUDY ON DEFENSE ACQUISITION MODELS WITH AN EMERGING MARKET PERSPECTIVE. THE CASE OF TURKEY

Author(s): Mustafa Kemal Topcu,Murat Mala,Selim Müslüm / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

With the end of the Cold War, the static environment, characteristic of thebipolar world, has changed quickly into a dynamic and complicated environmentwith new actors. These changes have also affected the countries’ armed forces andnew approaches to procurement/acquisition come into progress. After the Cold War,countries have focused on responding to changing threats with their decreasing defensebudgets. In this study, acquisition models and their effects on Turkey’s technologyacquisition and defense industry are evaluated. The evaluation is performed basedon criteria such as contribution to national economy, customization, acquisition cost,time and risk, life cycle cost, and technology acquisition. Major acquisition modelsin this study are determined as direct procurement, production under license, jointventure, indigenous development, production via international consortium. Finally,it is observed that the best model is indigenous development while the others willserve as technology acquisition for indigenous development.

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