4.50 €
Preview
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Immediately upon arrival in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1878, Austria-Hungary started building a new fortification system adjusted to modern warfare and contemporary military tactics.With the construction of the fortification belt along the border with Montenegro in the areas of Trebinje and Bileca, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy established first defensive line in Herzegovina, which was a guarantee of the eastern borders protection. As a backup, second defensive line was set in the belt of Kalinovik, Ulog-Obrnja, Nevesinje and Stolac. Beside these, there were very well-fortified cities of Sarajevo and Mostar, the latter being a background support to the first two mentioned Herzegovinian lines. Coming from the north, there was a line of three fortifications and large barracks in Kalinovik, the complex of Ulog-Obrnja with barracks and a fort above, which was a special type of 'moat' fortification, then Nevesinje with a fort and defensive barracks and finally Stolac with three forts and a large complex of defensive barracks. During World War I all the Austro-Hungarian forts in Herzegovina fulfilled their defensive function.Unfortunately, the devastation of the Austro-Hungarian military fortifications, which began with the fall of the Monarchy, has continued up to day. Although the objects were built in the period between 1878 and 1918, they have kept not only historical but also aesthetic value.The fact that only three Austro-Hungarian forts have been registered as national monuments (Bijela Tabija in Sarajevo - due to an older complex on the same site, Stolac - for the same reason as the previous, and Vraca in Sarajevo - as a location of World War II events) shows the negligence of the state for the fortifications more than 130 years old.
More...
In the first part of his article, the author outlines briefly the history and character of three periodicals published by Romani associations in Poland. In the second part a full bibliography of the Holocaust-related texts published in these periodicals has been presented.
More...
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę analitycznej, krytycznej i syntetycznej oceny powszechnie stosowanego pojęcia "przedsiębiorczość społeczna" w kontekście znaczeń przypisywanych jego częściom składowym. Rozpatrywane oddzielnie określenia "przedsiębiorczość" oraz "społeczny" charakteryzują się dość szerokim zakresem użycia oraz istotnym zróżnicowaniem pod względem eksponowania celów społecznych, a także tego, co uważa się za istotne cechy przedsiębiorczości. Artykuł kończy się propozycją elastycznej definicji tego pojęcia: z przedsiębiorczością społeczną mamy do czynienia, gdy jakaś osoba lub osoby (1) wyłącznie lub w znacznym stopniu tworzą pewną wartość społeczną i realizują cele z nią związane poprzez (2) dostrzeganie i wykorzystywanie możliwości tworzenia takiej wartości, (3) wdrażanie innowacji, (4) podejmowanie ryzyka oraz (5) nieakceptowanie ograniczeń związanych z dostępnością zasobów.
More...
This article is presenting a chapter of the published book of prof. Hristo Matanov "Seeking the Middle ages" and in this manner, giving the readers the opportunity to decide for themselves whether they would like the book or not.
More...
The paper entitled "Characteristics of Application of General Didactic Principles to the Specificity of Tactical, Operational and Strategic Military Higher Education” wants to develop the educational and instructive character of all teaching activities, and to ensure the achievment of objectives provided in the millitary education programmes. It covers three sections and four subchapters, all of them dealing with notions, principles, rules and examples that will help with the methodical preparation of young teachers. If studied and applied in a creative way, the thesis will provide a scientific background and it will ease the work done by both the teachers and the studentofficers. Also, this paper tries to answer to a desire regarding tactical, strategic and operative education that concerns the synthesizing, systematization and generalization of the positive experience coming from teachers and teaching committees. Seeing as this is a first attempt to present such particularities, I would like to state that the thesis in question is open to changes and improvements, and also I would be grateful for any suggestions or observations from the people that study or use this paper, in order to improve the teaching of such an important and specific learning process.
More...
In the article in question, it will be analyzed the concept of “black humour”, one of the four main pillars, which sustained the surrealist creativity. In more specific terms, they are: automat writing, insane love and objective chance. As one of the strongest expressive means of surrelist writers, black humour turned into their symbol in order to better convey the objection against the reality of time. Colorations of black humour will be analyzed in comparative platform at the following writers: Francis Picabia, Jacques Rigaut and Nikos Engonopoulos, who converge into a common thematic point – death. Through the analysis of several parts selected by them, I will also reveal the similarities in expression, poetical images used, but on the other side, their particularities as well.
More...
The aim of this paper is to trace the correlations between socio-economic status and stereotypes in the construction of the identity of the Romani minority. To this end the paper will focus mainly on contemporary representations of the Romani people in American media, in particular the reality TV show My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding and other related shows, such as Jersey Shore and its British spin-off, Geordie Shore. In the analysis I will be interested mostly in how stereotypes are made to fit the general format of the show and, in the case of My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding, repackaged as authentic ethnic culture. The aim of the comparison is to illustrate the fact that, though both Jersey Shore and My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding claim to offer an insight into the everyday lives of a particular ethnic minority, both shows follow a similar frame that has little to do with their respective subjects’ ethnic background and more to do with their social and economic background. The overlap between social and ethnic background can prove to be particularly problematic in the case of the Roma, since there is a distinct lack of counter-narratives and, historically, Romani cultural identity has always been tied to a particular social and economic class. Thus I will also attempt to integrate these representations into a broader historical perspective on the formation of Romani identity in order to better understand the problematic nature of contemporary representations of the Roma.
More...
In this article, I read Andrew McGahan’s novel Underground as a criticism of the Australian government under the leadership of John Howard in the era following the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center. I draw out the satire of Howard’s perceived role as President George W. Bush’s little brother, which becomes a synecdoche for Australia’s relationship with America. I situate the novel in the context of America’s cyclically neo-colonial history in Australia and draw upon the work of Homi K. Bhabha to suggest that McGahan portrays Australians as an “in-between” people who are guilty of adopting American policies—and thereby relinquishing control of their nation’s sovereignty to America—without compunction. I further suggest that, in the tradition of satire, the novel could be read as a warning to Australians against following the United State too closely. With the rise of the self-proclaimed Islamic State, Australia has witnessed the re-emergence of the political climate that is reflected in Underground, renewing its relevance to contemporary audiences.
More...