Jugoslawien - Wer unabhängig denkt, wird drakonisch bestraft

Author(s): Mireille Schreiber / Language(s): German Issue: 17/1984

Am Mittwoch, den 4. Juli abends wurden in zahlreichen Wohnungen in Belgrad, Zagreb und Ljubljana Rotweinflaschen entkorkt: Die Abendnachrichten hatten von der provisorischen Freilassung der sechs seit Ende April bzw. Mai in Belgrad festgehaltenen Intellektuellen berichtet [vgl. gegenstimmen 16 184). Montag darauf, am 9. Juli, ungläubiges Entsetzen, Angst: In der bosnischen Hauptstadt Sarajevo wurde der knapp 30 jährige Soziologe Vojislav Seselj [sprich: Scheschelj\ zu acht Jahren Gefängnis verurteilt. Nicht einmal Milován Djilas wurde 1937 für seine "Neue Klasse" derartig drakonisch bestraft. Und Anfang August gab dann die Staatsanwaltschaft Belgrad die Anklageerhebung gegen die sechs bekannt.

Jugoslawien - Farce ohne Ende

Author(s): Mireille Schreiber / Language(s): German Issue: 19/1985

Von den anfänglich sechs Beschuldigten saßen nur mehr drei auf der Anklagebank: wegen „feindlicher Propaganda“ wurde der Publizist Miodrag Milic zu zwei Jahren, der Soziologe Milan Nikolic zu 18 Monaten und der Journalist Dragomir Olujic zu 12 Monaten unbedingt verurteilt. Entgegen dem sonstigen Usus bei derartigen Verfahren gab der Vorsitzende Zoran Stojkovic eine langatmige Begründung, sodaß auch dieser 34. und letzte Tag des Marathonprozesses spektakulär endete: die Hälfte der gut 300 Zuhörer verließ aus Protest demonstrativ den Saal und Miodrag Milic wurde noch in der letzten halben Stunde wegen Protestrufen ausgeschlossen.

Jugoslawien - Nur das übliche Ritual?

Author(s): Mireille Schreiber / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1984

Wenn die jugoslawischen Behörden gehofft haben, ein Prozeß gegen im Ausland unbekannte Personen würde international weniger Staub aufwirbeln, so haben sie sich verkalkuliert: Man muß schon zu den Verfahren gegen Mihailo Mihailov in den fünfziger und sechziger Jahren zurückgehen, um ein vergleichbares internationales Interesse zu finden.

Warum ich nicht rede...

Author(s): Vladimir Mijanović / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1984

Ich möchte erklären, warum ich mich während des Untersuchungsverfahrens nicht verteidigt habe. Ich habe so gehandelt, weil ich der Meinung war, daß es zwecklos ist, da es für alle — den Staatssicherheitsdienst, den Staatsanwalt, den Untersuchungsrichter, die politischen Verantwortlichen und die breiteste Öffentlichkeit — klar ist, daß wir sechs in dieser Angelegenheit völlig bedeutungslos sind.

Procesul grupului Arnăuțoiu 1959, I

Author(s): Vasile Novac,Gheorghe Nicolescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/1995

The two authors make public the sentence given in the trial of the national resistance group "Haiducii Muscelului" (The Muscel Outlaws) led by captain Toma Arnăuțoiu having operated in the Făgăraș Mountains. The sentence was based on the Securitate investigations and decisions and represented an attempt to discredit the partisans who were accused of having fought against "the popular and democratic state and regime."

INTERDICTA NELLE PROVINCE DEL VICINO ORIENTE?

Author(s): Monica Ferrari / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2022

The interdictal protection was traditionally considered to be a prerogative of the praetor’s court in Rome. Epigraphic and papyrological sources still reveal that it was applied in several provincial territories, from Cisalpine Gaul and Betica to Egypt and the Middle Euphrates area. Precisely the sources from the eastern provinces, more than those from the Hispanic territory, often represent a real enigma for the interpreter, both because of the linguistic hurdle and the complexity of political and legal history of those territories.Gaius, in the paragraph 139 of the fourth book, introduces the discussion on interdictal protection by placing the proconsul alongside the praetor as magistrates competent to issue interdicta. Again, with reference to the provincial territory, the sources seem to involve a wider range of magistrates and officials who had access to this function, probably through a delegation of general or specific jurisdiction. In the eastern provinces, such delegation was generally granted on a case-by-case basis, as was the case for the procurators of Celesiria or the epistrategos of Egypt. The purpose was probably twofold: to lighten the workload of the praeses and to meet the immediacy requirements of interdictal remedies.

IRAK ve TÜRK CEZA KANUNLARINDA ÖNGÖRÜLEN CEZA TÜRLERİ

Author(s): Bakr Abed HADI HADI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

The punishment, which has existed since the beginning of social life, has many functions. The most important of these is that punishment provides general and specific prevention. In order to achieve this aim, the offenders must be punished appropriately for the crime they have committed, and these penalties must be properly executed. In Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, imprisonment and judicial fines are included as types of punishment. The types of punishments in the Iraqi Penal Code are primary punishments such as the death penalty, life imprisonment, imprisonment for a term of years, penal servitude, detention, fine, confinement in a school for young offenders, and confinement in a reform school. They also take the form of incidental penalties such as police supervision and additional penalties such as withdrawal of certain rights and privileges, confiscation, and publication of the sentence. In this study, within the framework of these regulations in both penal codes and detailed literature research, the penalties and punishment types given to the crimes in both laws will be examined.

Obóz przy ul. Przemysłowej w Łodzi i powojenne rozliczenia z jego historią

Author(s): Tomasz Toborek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Polen-Jugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in Litzmannstadt commonly referred to as the camp on Przemysłowa Street in Łódź, in operation between December 1942 and 19 January 1945 was a very special place. This is because it was the only place where exclusively children were held under conditions comparable to concentration camps. The article takes a closer look at the reality that minor prisoners had to face and the history of this cruel place. The most important theme, however, is the post-war reckoning with the history of the camp, mainly in the form of trials of child abusers. We also learn how the history of the camp was manipulated in the post-war era to achieve the desired propaganda effect and how its history and victims were being exploited. The author is highly critical of the content of the only monograph on the camp by Józef Witkowski and describes in detail the notorious court case of Eugenia Pol from 1970–1976. She was then sentenced to 25 years in prison. To this day, it is difficult to determine whether the camp supervisor was in fact a ruthless torturer or a victim of a judicial crime. Without settling the issue definitively, the author presents how the unreliable conduct of Eugenia Pol’s trial today hinders the search for the truth and is a pretext for further misrepresentations and manipulations.

Specific Legal Provisions Established During the State of Pandemic

Author(s): Dragos Lucian Radulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The legal provisions applicable to institutions or public authorities may be determined by the occurrence of exceptional circumstances, which require an adaptation of the legislator's requirement for a determined period, in order to limit its effects. The article analyzes the legality of the decisions of the control bodies, regarding the finding of a violation by a public authority in the ongoing activity of the provisions of Law no. 672/2002 and the provisions of GEO no. 131/07.08.2020, with reference to the establishment of the state of alert during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Sprawy Alberta Snauwaerta i Louisa François Quievreux: przyczynki do polsko-belgijskiej zimnej wojny

Author(s): Dariusz Jarosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article analyzes two court cases concerning Belgian citizens: Albert Snauwaert and Louis François Quievreux, who were accused of espionage and convicted by a Polish military courts in 1949. Their cases should be considered in the broader context of the deteriorating Polish-Belgian relations that existed at that time. The circumstances of their arrest and conviction as well as the efforts made to free them are presented. The findings are based primarily on the results of a query conducted in various Polish archival collections (Archiwum Akt Nowych, Archiwum Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych and Instytut Pamięci Narodowej). The cases of Snauwaert and Quievreux are only minor contributions to the wider problem of Polish-Belgian relations at the time, but they reveal the methods used by both sides during both the escalation and the subsequent calming of relations.

ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСЕ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 38/2016

ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 38/2016

ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 41/2019

ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 40/2018

ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 40/2018

Violation or Failure to Fulfill Official Duties – Incriminated Risk to National Security

Author(s): Mladen Mladenov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present research is limited only to the crimes under Article 282, paragraph 1, sentence one and two of the Criminal Code - violation or failure to fulfill official duties. The perpetrator can only be an official who belongs to the system and structure of the bodies of power and management in the state apparatus. This person must directly and absolutely meaningfully aim to benefit himself or others, violating imperative legal requirements required by the functions of his position. Executive acts - violation and inaction - related to official duties, must be understood as both divisible and indivisible, and both at the same time. There is a legal paradox that arises from the complexity and phenomenality of reality itself. That is, it is possible to have a breach of duty, also an omission of duty, as well as a breach and omission of duty at the same time. A special case of violation of official duties and failure to fulfill official duties is the case when the perpetrator is a judge. In this way, confidence in the judiciary is violated, legal certainty is ruined, and national security in general is subsequently torpedoed.

Wolność tworzenia związków wyznaniowych w Polsce – przypadek niezależnych gmin wyznaniowych żydowskich

Author(s): Maksymilian Hau / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2023

This article analyses the issue of the registration of independent Jewish religious communities, i.e., Jewish religious communities unaffiliated with the Association of Jewish Communities in Poland (AJCP). For several years, the possibility of establishing independent Jewish religious communities has been challenged by the AJCP, which claims that the Act on the State’s Relationship with Jewish Religious Communities in Poland exhaustively regulates the legal situation of all Jewish communities in Poland. In a number of Supreme Administrative Court’s decisions on disputes between independent Jewish religious communities and the AJCP, the possibility of registering independent Jewish religious communities has been confirmed. In addition, the Supreme Administrative Court developed a test for assessing the identity or separateness of two religious associations for the purpose of registering new ones. The article attempts to systematise the elements that constitute this test, referring, inter alia, to the material and formal identity of the internal law, the criteria of membership and the will of the persons forming the religious association. Moreover, the Supreme Administrative Court’s decisions are reviewed from the perspective of compliance with the standard of protection of freedom of conscience and religion established by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

Considerations on the Persons that Can Determine the Manner of the Funeral in the Light of the ECHR Judgment from 23 May 2023 in the Case of Buhuceanu and Others vs. Romania

Author(s): Silviu-Dorin Șchiopu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Each person owes a death and someone has to take care of the funeral even when the deceased left some instructions. The same happens in the absence of an express option of the deceased. Starting from the current Romanian legislative solution for the latter situation, the present study aims to analyse the impact of the ECHR Judgment from 23 May 2023 in the Case of Buhuceanu and Others v. Romania on the national legal framework that governs the persons who can determine the manner of funeral in the absence of an express option of the deceased. This paper argues the need of legislative intervention in order to secure the same-sex couples’ right to respect for their private and family life by affording them the possibility of legal recognition and protection, including the right to determine the manner of the deceased spouse/partner’s funeral in the absence of an express option of the latter and the right to arrange the funeral, core rights relevant to a couple in a stable and committed relationship.

The Hebrew Inscription on the Crucifix at Charles Bridge in Prague. The Case of Elias Backoffen and Berl Tabor in the Appellation Court

Author(s): Alexandr Putík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1996

The article examines the historical and legal background of the gilded Hebrew letters on the cross, which read "Holy, Holy, Holy, the Lord of Hosts". The author identifies the Jewish person who was fined for writing blasphemy against the cross as Elias Backoffen, and traces his involvement in the conflicts and lawsuits within the Land's Jewry, an organization of Bohemian Jews. The author also analyzes the sources and documents related to the case, and challenges some of the previous interpretations and legends.

Recenze závěrečných prací I/2024

Author(s): Irena Holcová,Jan Hospes,Radim Charvát,Adam Jareš,Andrej Krištofík,Jakub Míšek,Veronika Příbaň Žolnerčíková,Michal Tuláček,Roman Vybíral / Language(s): Slovak,Czech Issue: 29/2024

Selection of reviews on high quality student theses on various topics concerning ICT law.