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GÖÇ VE ENTEGRASYON: TÜRKİYE’DE “UYUM” AMA NASIL?

Author(s): Hasan GÜLER / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2020

In this study, to regulate ever increasing immigration to Turkey within the scope of the adaption to the “Law on Foreigners and International Protection” that came into force in 2014, the relations of the immigrants with the home country will be tackled. The way how immigrants adapt to the society that constitutes the majority are usually discussed within the frameworks of assimilation, integration and multiculturalism. In this article, a critical reading of the immigration policy of Turkey will be made by focusing on the concepts of assimilation and integration which are also defined as the coexistence models. The basic argument in the study is the fact that Turkey’s policy regarding immigrant adaptation is shaped through ambiguity and and the assumption that immigrants will not be permanent remains at the center of this policy.

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Immigrant Integration: the Role of NGO’s in Lithuania for Upholding Immigrant Assimilation

Author(s): Vishnu Muraleedharan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Migration and migrant movement are one of the most contested phenomena in the contemporary world due to the large-scale displacement of the people across the globe due to socio-political unrest in the form of wars, internal rebellions, and political upheaval. It led to the scenario of people’s movement across the borders in search of better living conditions and safety. However, the aspect of immigration and immigrant integration and assimilation is not a conducive process, and the immigrants must overcome a lot of socio-political hurdles and hardships for the assimilation and integration into the host society. Regarding the actors facilitating immigrant integration, one of the significant actors is the NGOs, which facilitates the integration of the immigrants into society. These facilitate through the mechanisms of advocacy measures. In this scenario, this article tries to find out how the NGO’s facilitates immigrant integration and assimilation in Lithuania and what are the mechanisms they employ for immigrant integration and assimilation. The task includes analyzing the qualitative interview conducted with NGO Europos Namai, who are voicing for the rights of immigrants and envisaging measures for migrant integration through their lobbying, education, awareness, cultural integration, and media mechanisms. By analyzing the interview and data sets on immigration in Lithuania, this paper aims to find out how does the NGOs act as a facilitating force for political debates, communication, political decision making, and to create a favorable environment for immigration integration into the Lithuanian society. The primary interpretation is that the third sector organizations play a significant role in the migrant integration into the society, and these possible findings could be made useful for other regions and countries where they are migrant influx and still lack conducive mechanisms for immigrant integration.

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Solicitanţii de azil din motive climatice

Author(s): Ioan Zonga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2016

The UN Convention on Refugees was formally adopted on July 28, 1951, to solve the refugee problem in Europe after World War II. This international Treaty defines a refugee as a person with a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership to a particular social group or political opinion. From the definition presented it results that it does not specifically refer to people living in certain areas that are affected by global warming changes. Climate change is a major threat to the states` security and it will continue to pose a threat in the not too distant future. For this reason, it may affect up to disappearance entire communities in Asia, Australia, Oceania, Central America, Africa and especially the Pacific. Changes from global warming and desertification, water scarcity, drought, earthquakes or floods will force many people to leave the southern hemisphere of the planet increasingly affected by climate change and take refuge in the northern hemisphere of the planet. Long term weather changes will encourage farmers, fishermen and herders to go away from affected areas, especially those in rural areas and to move to urban areas.

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Dreptul la protecţie în contextul internaţional actual

Author(s): Alexandra Bucur / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2016

The study presents aspects of international protection. Protecting persons is primarily the responsibility of states. The need for protection comes after some strong abusive reasons occurring in the home state. Due to the unlawful treatment, in violation of fundamental rights and freedoms, people are entitled to a form of protection granted by another jurisdiction.

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Reglementări privind statutul persoanelor care solicită protecţie internaţională în România

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

In the last years, the Romanian authorities took the necessary measures to harmonize the national legislative framework with the provisions of the European legislation. While also taking into account the negative aspects, the shortcomings of the way other European countries handled the migration and the asylum issues, in an effort to avoid such problems, these measures have been completely implemented at present.

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Rolul autorităţilor administraţiei publice în procesul de integrare a străinilor care au dobândit o formă de protecţie din partea statului român

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2013

Integration of foreigners who obtained a form of protection in Romania is a dynamic process implying both the efforts of the authorities having responsibilities in the field and the foreigners’ willingness to adapt themselves to the rules and the values of the adopting country. The social integration of these persons involves the close collaboration of the ministries, the labour employment agencies and the local public authorities. Foreigners who obtained one of the protection forms provided by the Romanian State enjoy civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, as well as equal treatment as compared to the Romanian citizens. Education, as pointed out in the position of the UNHCR, facilitates integration of foreigners in the receiving country.

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The Romanian community in Italy. An analysis from the perspective of public discourse and public policies in Italy (2000-2020)

Author(s): Claudia Dărăban / Language(s): English Issue: LIX, 2/2020

At the beginning of the 21st century, with the opening of the prospect of joining the EU and NATO, the Romanian society began to adapt to the new internal and external realities and a massive migration of the population became a painful reality. The degradation of economic life and the opening of perspectives in West have led to the largest wave of migration in peacetime in Europe. Over 5 million Romanians have left Romania and over 1,5 million have settled in Italy. With the presence of an increasingly large community of Romanian citizens, the issues of integration and interaction have become more complex. Various factors disrupted their relationship with Italian communities, often leading to incidents that marked Romanian-Italian relations and were the basis of Italian political discourse in the election campaign. The present study aims to make an analysis of these evolutions and to offer an image on the way in which the presence of the Romanian community has modified the process of elaboration some public policies. In addition to this approach, the study also seeks to analyze the mechanism and political actors that have contributed to these changes in discourse and public policy.

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TÜRKİYE’YE GÖÇ EDEN SURİYELİLERİN HUKUKİ STATÜSÜ

Author(s): Ali Çiçek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 48/2020

In this study, the legal status of Syrians who have migrated to Turkey will be discussed. The legal status of Syrians in Turkish law will be evaluated with relevant laws and regulations. Thus, we will talk about the wrong concepts regarding the legal status of Syrians in both academic and legal texts. Instead, it will be revealed which is the correct concept. To achieve this purpose, relevant laws and regulations will be examined.

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Fleeing from the Global Compact for Migration: A missed opportunity for Italy

Author(s): Chiara Scissa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article examines the reasons that in December 2018 led both the Italian Parliament and Government to refrain from the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, which first Italy promoted as a way to revitalise the European Union’s solidarity and coordination, while lessening the uneven burden of migratory inflows into the country. Although it has been argued that ‘the opposition to the Compact has propagandistic objectives, that cannot be negotiated away’ (Gatti, 2018, p. 1) this article aims to demonstrate the wide socio-economic and political benefits that the Global Compact will bring to Italy if adopted, as well as the gains that an instrument of international migration governance will bring to national migration policy. This contribution also highlights the opportunities that the Global Compact offers a truly common European approach to migration.

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Stateless Syrians in Turkey and Lebanon

Author(s): Deniz Aşkın / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Emigration began in Syria following the civil war has caused a break in the legal citizenship bonds of millions of Syrians with their country, especially for those settled in neighbouring countries. The open door policy implemented by Turkey and Lebanon and the two countries hosting of the majority of this migrated population have made registration and some services in these countries even more intricate. Generally, the Syrians but especially children born outside of Syria can only be recognised as Syrian practically but not officially. People in this group who can be identified as de facto stateless face the risk of not enjoying fundamental human rights if they are not enrolled in the countries where they moved. In this respect, both being stateless and unregistered in the receiving country cause these individuals to face double victimisation. In this context, the situation experienced in Turkey and Lebanon was examined within the framework of de facto statelessness concep twith reference to culture, identity, and integration.

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Миграционные исследования в России: обзор научной литературы

Author(s): Natalya Pavlovna Neklyudova,Olga Olegovna Sekicki-Pavlenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

Starting from the late 20th century, the modern era is called the «era of migration» thereby emphasizing the important role of migration processes in world development. Russian regions active participants in the migration exchange and the largest centres of both immigration and emigration. Accordingly, among Russian researchers population migration is considered a relevant and acute issue. The article aims to review scientific research in the field of population migration conducted in Russia from 2000 to 2019. The theoretical framework of the research includes publications covering the topic of modern migration processes. The practical basis is articles published on the website elibrary.ru. The study was conducted using bibliometric analysis, which is one of the most useful tools for studying the information flow. The total sample size was 18,174 scientific articles. We revealed that most of the publications (36 %) belong to the field of economics and economic sciences. The dynamics of publication activity on migration demonstrated an upward trend.The number of articles in the period 2000–2019 increased by 27 times. The leaders in the number of publications on migration topics are the journals «Migration Law» (245 articles) and «Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship» (173 publications). Among scientific organisations, the undisputed leader in this list is the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, which published 637 works on migration in total, and Moscow State University with 572 papers. S. V. Ryazantsev presented the largest number of publications in the examined period. The results of this study can be used to improve the information support of specialists involved in studying population migration and strengthen scientific communication between researchers in various fields.

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The European Community and Yugoslavia's Non-Alignment Policy: from acceptance and collaboration to disillusionment and confrontation

Author(s): Branislav Radeljić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The normalization of relations between Belgrade and Moscow in the mid-1950s and the Yugoslav authorities' decision to develop closer relations with the West coincided with Yugoslavia's intention to seek its own way forward, characterized by self-management at home and a lead role in the international Non-Aligned Movement. Later, following the establishment of official relations between the European Community and Yugoslavia in 1968, the Community accepted that Yugoslavia remained where it stood ideologically and continued to provide it with new trade agreements. However, a careful examination of official debates and archival collections reveals that it did not take long before the appreciation for the policy of non-alignment was overshadowed by uncertainty (due to the death of President Tito, but also the end of the Cold War and collapse of communism), with the movement eventually losing its significance with the outbreak of the Yugoslav state crisis and consequent policy-making preferences.

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International migration policies in two post-communist countries: comparative evidence from Romania and Poland

Author(s): Mihaela Matei,Monica Roman,Alexandru Florea,Adina IORGANDA / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the nineties, Romania and Poland were perceived as the largest countries of emigration and sources of irregular migration to Western Europe states. Later, the dynamics and effects of migration influenced migration policies in the two countries, notably after the start of the accession negotiations with the European Union. This study provides a comparative analysis of labour migration policies in Romania and Poland, investigating the effect of the Europeanization process. Based on a qualitative approach, we discovered a variety of policy responses to the international labour migration dynamics. The results showed that although the constraints of standard European migration policies similarly influenced the labour migration policies of the two states, they were differently affected by the adopted national approaches. In the context of the new, emergent migration patterns, the study provides an analytical framework useful for policy makers and practitioners in the field of labour migration policies.

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Reglementări privind acordarea unei forme de protecție cetățenilor străini în România

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2011

Romania has an open policy for asylum, and for that reason the number of asylum applications is quite high, even more our country is a member of the European Union and most likely will soon join the Schengen Area.

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Mecanismele sistemului de protecție a solicitanților de azil din România

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2011

At present, the system protecting the asylum applicants in Romania is the result of the process by which the domestic legislation related to immigration and asylum was harmonized with the European legislation in the field, as well as the result of intensified preparations for Romania's adherence to the Schengen area.

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Dreptul la azil în Uniunea Europeană. Repere

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2010

The right to asylum is one of the fundamental human rights. It is guaranteed under the norms of the Convention of Geneva of 28 July 1951 on the status of refugees, the Protocol on the status of refugees of 31 January 1967, in conformity with the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. By granting asylum, States have the responsibility to treat the persons to whom asylum was granted in conformity with the general principles of international law and protect these persons for humanitarian reasons. As a result of the ever increasing number of persons who apply for international protection in the European Union, the EU Member States agreed that there is need for solutions in response to this challenge. Thus, they decided to create a European asylum system, one capable to provide better conditions for persons seeking for asylum at the level of the European Union. The activities needed for the system to be created were initiated immediately after the Treaty of Amsterdam had come into force, in May 1999, based on the guidelines established by the Tampere European Council. The European asylum system was developed in two steps. The first step started with the Tampere European Council and ended in 2005. It consisted in the elaboration of a number of directions regarding the asylum, and in the strengthening of the cooperation among States. The second step started with the Hague Programme (adopted on 5 November 2004 by the heads of States and governments), which established the year 2010 as deadline for the achievement of the system’s main objectives by means of instruments and measures meant to institute common asylum procedures and a uniform status. However, the Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force on 1 December 2009, amended the legal framework defining the asylum policy, which entailed postponing till 2012 the accomplishment of the second step of the common European asylum system, a period of time devoted to the elimination of the differences among asylum systems of the Member States.

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Značaj i uloga pravnih dokumenata Ujedinjenih nacija o migracijama

Author(s): Nežla Borić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2020

Reason for writing the paper and research subject matter(s): To present an overview of relevant global legal documents addressing the migration and migrant crisis issues. Objectives of the paper (scientific and/or social): The main objective of this paper is to point to the significance of conventions, declarations, and legal documents in migration governance, setting the proper standards, realisation of human rights of migrants, and promoting their welfare. The objective is also to offer an analytical review of the International Conference on Population and Development, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, and the newest Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. Methodology/Design: For this paper, as specific methods in law, dogmatic-normative method and axiological method have been used. Meta-analysis of the data of the International Organization for Migrations (IOM) has been performed. Research/Paper limitation(s): Precise data for the region are not available, which represents a serious limitation to a comprehensive comparative scientific analysis and assessment of current and future trends. Results/Findings: The world community increasingly recognizes the importance of the adequate instruments for setting a framework for migration issue and for finding and applying long-term solutions for the migrant crisis, and is seriously working on designing, passing and enforcing relevant laws to that end, which results in setting the path to long-term solutions to migrant crisis. General conclusion: In general, migration governance lacks strong normative foundation that could provide appropriate response to contemporary migration trends, although this issue has been more seriously addressed lately. Global compacts on migration and refugees provide an opportunity for progress in reinforcement of standards, principles, procedures and decision-making processes, as well as setting the priorities within policy-making and making informed decisions regarding a legal framework of the migration issue. Research/Paper validity: International law recognizes the migration issues and the need for corresponding legal framework as one of the most significant issues of our time.

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Současná migrační krize, judaismus a Stát Izrael

Author(s): Pavla Damohorská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 79/2020

The author deals with the relation between the “migration crisis”, Jewish religion and the State of Israel. First, she introduces the problematic. Then she deals with the religious attitude towards foreigners in the Bible, which is often mentioned in religious migration discussions. The second part of the contribution focuses on the attitude of the State of Israel towards the modern phenomenon in its history, i. e. towards illegal non-Jewish migration to the Jewish state. It analyses the legal issues as well as the position of African migrants in Israel, the attitude of the Israeli political representation and society.

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REDEFINING THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY FROM THE ASPECT OF MODERN IMIGRATIONS

Author(s): Ljeposava Ilijić,Nikola Vujičić / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The paper analyses the contemporary security concept, with a special review of the security aspects of migrations. After the introduction, which primarily offers certain terminological concerns, and a review of the historical development of the term security, the paper points to the impact of globalization to national security, and the existence of interdependence of countries in modern age. For this reason, the paper especially emphasizes the importance of international organizations, as well as international documents, which present the basic guidelines for treatment of security risks modern society is facing. Although literature points to a series of security challenges and threats, it seems that in recent years the problem of mass migrations is a special problem, which was the reason for the other part of the paper to be dedicated to security aspects of migrations, in two basic directions: first, pointing to the principal problems appearing as the consequence of migrations, and second, presentation of the model for a response to the migration crisis. The last part of the paper is dedicated to conclusive contemplations.

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Making a “Bangladeshi diaspora”: Migration, group formation and emplacement between Portugal and Bangladesh

Author(s): José Mapril / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In 1996, Appadurai argued that imagination is an essential element in the creation of cross-border political forms. Electronic media, for example, establishes links across national boundaries, linking those who move and those who stay. In his argument, these diasporic public spheres were examples of post-national political worlds and revealed the erosion of the nation-state in the face of globalisation and modernity. In this paper,I draw inspiration on this concept of diasporic public sphere but to show how these imaginaries are intimately tied to forms of group making and emplacement in several contexts. This argument is based on an ethnographic research about the creation of a transnational federation of Bangladeshi associations –the All European Bangladeshi Association (AEBA) –in the past decade, its main objectives and activities. Through the analysis of an AEBA event that took place in Lisbon, I want to show the productive dialectic between diasporic imaginaries, group formation and emplacement processes between Portugal and Bangladesh.

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