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Inclusion and obstacles in the Swedish social pedagogical context: an analysis of narratives on working with unaccompanied refugee minors with wartime experiences in institutional care

Author(s): Goran Bašić,Yaka Matsuda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The general perspective on social pedagogy and research emphasises the importance of recognising the various identities that are actualised and re-actualised during interpersonal interactions in the various social contexts in which the individual acts or is expected to act. The purpose of the present study was to provide a new understanding of: (1) narratives by staff at institutions regarding the day-to-day work of caring for youths who, having experienced war, fled to Sweden and were taken into care and placed in institutions; and (2) interactive patterns contributing to constructing and reconstructing the inclusion of the clients and the obstacles to inclusion during practical social pedagogy. Analytical findings with the following themes are presented: (1) empathy, collaboration and inclusion; (2) stigma and inclusion; and (3) (in)competence of personnel and inclusion. This study demonstrates that recognition, or the lack thereof, of young peoples’ various identities may affect their opportunities for inclusion in the new society. Both the recognition and loss of identity that occur in various contexts in which young people act or are expected to act contribute to the success of integration and can be an obstacle to it.

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Diminishing Transformative and Normative Role: How the EU Seems to be Losing its Influence in Serbia

Author(s): Svetlana Stefanović / Language(s): English Issue: 14 (28)/2020

The European Union is facing with a number of challenges – rise of populism, lack of leadership, the migrant crisis, Brexit – that shows that the European integration project need to be redesign. The European Union need to consolidate, return to its core values and try overcome the series of crises it’s facing. Internal Instability of the Union is reflected on the European Union - Western Balkans processes, that is in a serious slowdown. One of the important attempts of the European Union to integrate countries of the Western Balkans is known as a Berlin Process. Initial enthusiasm that was a driving force for all countries in the Western Balkans region stooped when it became clear that due to the European Union internal unresolved issues, the enlargement of the European Union wouldn’t be priority and would be indefinitely delayed. Governments of the Western Balkans countries formally promised to accelerate reforms, resolve bilateral disputes and many of them hoped that would have the opportunity to join the European Union in 2025. For a long time, the European Union – Serbia relation was based on the policy of conditionality, and Serbian authorities were pressured to fulfill their promises – normalize relations with neighbors, promote dealing with the past and, most importantly, deliver indicted for war crimes and genocide - in order to make a move forward. Serbia gained candidate status in 2012, opened negotiations and entered the EU accession process effectively. The enlargement fatigue and fear of the new wave of conditionality policy brings new alternatives on the table for Serbia, but joining the European Union still remain first priority of the Serbian Foreign Policy.

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„Tipikus” sepsiszentgyörgyi migránséletutak

Author(s): Andrea Sólyom / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2020

The analysis on youth migration was developed in the framework of “YOUMIG – Improving institutional capacities and fostering cooperation to tackle the impacts of transnational youth migration” project. The present paper offers a picture about the “typical” biographies of young migrants. In the municipality of Sfântu Gheorghe emigration is the most important migratory trend. Among emigrants one can identify short term migrants – this type is distinctive of Roma migrants, too; long term migrants, most of them aiming to earn a living through their labour migration; while a smaller group studies and works abroad at the same time. There are also return migrants but it is hard to estimate their proportions. During our research both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The present paper is based on interviews conducted with young migrants. The present study starts with a short summary of the theoretical approaches applied during the analysis, followed by the methodology and a detailed characterization of the interviewees. The chapter presenting the local context concentrates on the demographic and economic indicators of the place of the fieldwork, then a short analysis is provided about the push and pull factors of the town based on the interviews. In order to achieve a detailed analysis three biographies were selected. Firstly the milestones of their lives will be compared, followed by the analysis of their identitites and of their feelings toward the sending and emigrant (diaspora) communities. Secondly, their migration types and narrative strategies will be identified. Finally, the conclusions will highlight the similarities and differences revealed in the selected biographies.

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International Police Cooperation in Investigating Cases of Smuggling of Migrants in Kosovo

Author(s): Rrahman Sylejmani,Elda Maloku / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Migrant smuggling today has taken on the dimensions of the global phenomenon by being present almost in all countries and continents, regardless of whether they are countries of their origin, transit or a destination. Nevertheless, the presence of this form of crime is also present in Kosovo, hence this is the object of this paper. In this paper, the international police co-operation in the migrant smuggling investigation cases in Kosovo is concretely considered as a multidimensional and complex problem. However, the challenges, and problems that Kosovo faces in the realization of the international police cooperation is also examined, given the fact that it is the not yet part of some international regional and global mechanisms dealing with the prevention and combating of organized crime. Treating migrant smuggling cases from a scientific point of the view requires more in-depth study and an elaboration of the literature that exists nowadays on this issue. Thus, through this paper is presented the assessment and the analysis of 31 investigated cases of the migrant smuggling from the Kosovo police for the time period 2011-2015 with the emphasis on the manner of the realization of the international police cooperation during the investigation of these cases. At the very end of this paper, based on the findings of the research, and the analysis performed, recommendations are issued, the implementation of which in the practice would increase the efficiency of the police in detecting, and combating migrant smuggling in Kosovo.

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УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА МИГРАЦИОННИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ТРАНСГРАНИЧНА ЗАПЛАХА ЗА ЗДРАВЕТО

Author(s): Jordan Georgiev Deliversky / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Migration processes are related to movement of people from one place to another as the scale, scope and forms of migration are influenced by multiple factors. When migration occurs, it has been observed a tendency for temporary or permanent movement from one geographically specified place to another. Usually migration processes are caused by change or desire for a change in someone’s life, as the nature of the cause could be of natural, economic, military or other origin. The control of migration flows in case of cross-border health threat could be characterized as a particular challenge. These types of threats include life-threatening or other serious hazards to health security on national and international level. Cross-border threats to health have been characterized by its significant risk on the extend of the spread expanding beyond national borders. This circumstance requires the adoption of adequate, proportionately and timely measures, as to result of which high level of protection of citizens and national health systems to be ensured, as an element of national security.

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Migranten in Bosnien und Herzegowina im rechtlichen Niemandsland und in humanitärer Not

Author(s): Adelheid Wölfl / Language(s): German Issue: 01/2021

Since 2017 more and more migrants and refugees arrived in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is a consequence of tightened border controls and the fence between Serbia and Hungary.These migrants are predominantly single young men from Afghanistan and Pakistan who are trying to enter Croatia via the Bosnian canton Una-Sana. In Bosnia and Herzegovina there are not enough reception centres for the thousands of homeless people. Local politicians are increasingly opposing attempts by the central government to build new centres or reopen existing ones. In addition to the humanitarian crisis winter conditions endanger the health and lives of these migrants. Obviously, Bosnia and Hercegovina is not in a position to carry out legal proceedings to clarify the legal status of these people. There is also a lack of cooperation with EU states from which migrants traveled to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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MIGRATION, REASONS AND MOTIVES IN KOSOVO SOCIETY (Pristina Case)

Author(s): Hana Shala / Language(s): English Issue: 13-14/2020

The 1999 war in Kosovo put its citizens in a crisis for life. A large number of the population had to leave their homes in Kosovo. The relocation was temporary, mainly to the neighbouring countries, but there were also many who migrated to more distant countries. After the war, most of the population returned to Kosovo, but a part of them continued to live in emigration. In the meantime, twenty years after the war, emigration is still an actual topic in Kosovo. This is though due to completely different reasons. Today, many young men and women are considering leaving Kosovo, in particular Pristina, for various reasons, while a part of them have already left. But what are the causes that makethese citizens leave their country now? Seeking a better life, higher livingstandard, better and more stable economy, better education or reasons related to welfare in general? In this paper, we will analyse emigration as a concept and the reasons that push people to emigrate, especially the reasons that push Kosovars, more specifically citizens of Pristina region, toemigrate after the war. What are the reasons for leaving or why do they want to leave, and what are the consequences of leaving? This quantitative survey using a structured questionnaire collects data from a combined sample of people of different social status to find out the latest trends of leaving Kosovo.

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Незаконната миграция – влияние върху националната сигурност

Author(s): Veselina R. Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article describes the impact of migration on the national security of Bulgaria. An analysis of the risks and threats related to the quantitative and qualitative parameters of illegal migration is made and various options, measures and means for its effective counteraction are considered. Illegal migration is a priority in the policies of all Member States and they work together to tackle illegal migrants. There will definitely be waves of migrants in the future until the conflict zone that gives rise to migration is controlled. Efforts must be made to end the military conflicts that are causing the waves of migration and to make targeted efforts to integrate immigrants into European civilization.

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DIACHRONE KOMPOSITIONELLE INTERTEXTUALITÄT IN DEN MEDIENTEXTEN ZUR MIGRATIONSPOLITIK

Author(s): Amela Ćurković / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

Migration policy is a topical global issue which has been often addressed and discussed in various media (newspapers, radio, television, electronic media) and through different types of texts (news, commentary, interview, feature story, report, blog etc). There is an innumerable amount of texts on this topic which cannot be viewed independently, but are embedded in a wider context and references are made from one text to the other. This ability that one text emerges with reference to another text is called intertextuality in the relevant literature, which is examined in this article. Furthermore, the analysis includes the diachronic compositional approach to intertextuality, whereby an older text or a text passage from a pretext is embedded in a new situational context by creating a new meaning there. In this way, new texts are created continuously, by which the text environment and communication situation interact with one another. By using the analytical instruments of intertextuality, this article will show how the texts receive a new context when they are understood by the recipients. In the socalled intertextual chain of the selected media texts on migration policy, the focus is on the evaluation of persons, facts and events that are addressed in various texts, which is a central aspect in the recontextualisation process of the individaul texts. This research article shows that reviews are often linked by the text chain i.e. the text history can be passed on without this being recognisable in the current text at the end of the chain.

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YOUNG PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. VISIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Flavia Alexandra Mărginean / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2020

In today's society, young people's perception of the European Union is very important, especially in the context in which it faces various crises. In this context, the perception of young people and how they trust the European Union is a very important basis for the future of the EU. In this sense, the methods used to find out the young people's perception of the European Union were the online questionnaire and the focus group, finding out the young people's confidence in the EU, but also their visions and perceptions about the EU and its future. What is certain is that the way young people perceive the European Union is vital for its harmonious development and the perpetuation of European values by the young generation.

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Миграционна ситуация в постсоциалистическите страни от Централна и Югоизточна Европа

Author(s): Chavdar L. Milkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Modern migration processes and their consequences have rightly established themselves as one of the central fields of current policy in the European Union (EU). For centuries, Europe itself has been a continent of emigrants, with the inhabitants of European countries colonizing vast areas of the world in search of wealth, freedom and peace. Today, the trend is reversed: in the age of globalization, the Old Continent has become the ultimate goal of hitherto unknown, in scale and intensity, migration processes.

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Göçle İlgili Planlama ve Kapsayıcı Politikaların Üretilmesinde İstanbul'daki Yerel Yönetimlerin Rolü - İBB Deneyimi

Author(s): Papatya Bostancı,Ezgi Durmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Problems that have been attributed to migrants and refugees, most of whom live in big cities, are intertwined with urban problems. As the main actors of local governance, municipalities have been pushed to develop policies in this field. In this study, the role of Istanbul district municipalities in planning and developing inclusive policies in migration have been discussed by examining the way migration is included into their strategic plans and migration-related activities. In this context, the attitudes of the district municipalities of Istanbul with regards to providing services to migrants and refugees living in the city were evaluated. The migration policy and related practices of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM), which has been being transformed in the new administrative period, were discussed on the basis of inclusiveness.

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Suriyeli Mültecilere Karşı Kabullenici ve Reddedici Kültürleşme Stratejilerinin Belirleyicileri: Hatay Örneği

Author(s): Esen Yangın Kiremit,Serap Akfirat / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Acculturation referring to cultural and psychological changes that occur as a result of contact between two or more social groups is a process including both the host and the immigrant groups (Berry, 2005). Acculturation strategies adopted by the host community for a particular group and adopted by immigrants within a receiving society are key concepts of acculturation (Bourhis et al., 1997). These strategies, with regards to host groups, can be welcoming or rejecting to living in harmony with immigrants. The aim of this study is to explore the acculturation orientations of Turkish host society living in Hatay, who are from Arab ethnic origin and Alevi religious section, toward Syrian refugees. For this aim, a survey study was carried out with 252 participants. Six different models were analyzed in which identification with national, ethnic and religious/denominational identities were considered as independent variables, welcoming or rejecting acculturation strategies as dependent variables, and threat perception as mediator variable. Results showed that in-group identification predicts acculturation strategies both directly and through threat perception. Findings are discussed in the light of the literature.

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Informal Practices in Illicit Border-Regimes: The Economy of Legal and Fake Travel Documents Sustaining The EU Asylum System

Author(s): Romm Lewkowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

On their route to secure asylum in the EU, asylum seekers rely on various strategies involving both licit and illicit paper practices. Based on ethnographic research with asylum seekers on the move between Turkey, Greece, and Germany, this article takes the realm of legal documents to probe the economy of legality and illegality that sustains the EU asylum system. Looking at how asylum seekers differentiate between their papers, the article demonstrates how efficacy rather than legality is the organizing principle through which papers are evaluated. Rather than being preoccupied with whether a paper is legal or illegal, ‘unauthorized’ migrants on the move evaluate papers on the scale of strong/not strong or dangerous/safe, asking what is more likely to work or pose less threat, and in what circumstances. The notion that both licit and illicit papers have a fickle efficacy in producing legality problematizes common policy and scholarly conceptions of the counterfeit as an informal space that is either external to the law or a perversion of it. Instead, it highlights how the European border and asylum regime exploits the legal/illegal distinction to criminalize asylum-seeking while obscuring how illegality is systematically embedded within it.

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Editorial: Focus on Indian migrations

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

In this issue, we have brought together articles focusing on Indian and South Asian migration experiences and patterns. India has been a major player in international migration, including remittances flows, but also a major scene of internal migrations. This is to an extent perhaps expected as the second largest population in the world residing across a vast geography rich with ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity. The 2018 United Nations World Migration Report states that the Indian diaspora is the largest in the world, with over 15.6 million people living outside the Sub-continent. International migration from India can be traced back even before indentured labour flows initiated under the British colonialism. India is a leading country of origin and a major supplier of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled work force. These migration flows from India has attracted significant interest among scholars of migration studies. In this editorial, we are offering some insights and an overview of Indian migrations since the British era.

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Integrarea beneficiarilor de protecție internațională

Author(s): Răzvan Dacian Cârciumaru,Florica Chipea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

Starting from arguing the need to delimit the concept of refugees from that of international migrants and to support the idea that the solution to the optimal solution of the current refugee problem is their integration in host societies, the article aims to achieve, based on consulting the literature, a nominal and operational definition of the concept of social integration of beneficiaries of international protection. Although, in the literature, the concept of integration is often defined as chaotic, this article, starting from the common points of the process, identifies some general characteristics, thus highlighting two different levels of integration, namely one macro (the state of societal cohesion as a whole) and one individual (inclusion of groups and individuals in society). Also, out of the need to avoid confusion between integration and assimilation, the process must contain both inputs and outputs, so the increase in affinity for the new country can coexist with continued ties with the country of origin. In terms of content and process measurement indicators, it is relevant to follow the following categories of „markers and means” of integration: employment, housing, education, health, and civic integration.

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Narrowing the gap in the European Union: From utopia to pragmatism

Author(s): Ioana-Sorina Mihut,Mihaela Luțaș,Sorin-Augustin Câlea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The debate regarding the challenges the European Union is facing nowadays is a major topic of interest in the context of reshaping the borders of this community. The massive waves of “Eurosceptic” behaviours along with trade wars and migration flows are top priorities for the current institutional framework. Despite the overall objective of the European Union, namely assuring the sustainable convergence and economic development of all its Member States, the achievement of it was highly questioned by the recent political conflicts. The duty to respond in an efficient manner to the economic, but more importantly to the political risks, lies in the hands of the European institutions and into their ability to conduct what we generally refer to as a “good governance process”. The main purpose of this article is to analyse whether the political stability and the democracy component, influence the economic growth trends and at the same time generates transformations in terms of migration waves.

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Flüchtlingsfrage und Staatsbürgerschaft in Ungarn nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis 1924

Author(s): István Gergely Szűts / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

According to official records, after the First World War, 350,000 people either fled or moved to the territory of Hungary from the successor states. The actual number up to 1924 was probably around 400,000, or even as high as 420,000, taking into account the domestic affairs crisis in 1919, the initial disorder around registration and numerous illegal border crossings. The refugee problem was the major social ill of interwar Hungary and it resulted in massive political and economic consequences as well. The issue of citizenship also related closely to the refugee problem. Individuals who fled or moved to Hungary from the successor states needed to apply to keep their Hungarian citizenship in compliance with the Treaty of Trianon. Non-citizens dwelling in Hungary were likewise required to proactively apply for Hungarian citizenship. This was achievable for the claimants based on their municipal residences, however the acknowledgement and substantiation of inhabitancy was profoundly troublesome. The sparsely extant yet highly informative archival accounts that contain the personal data of optants—who were willing to keep or acquire Hungarian citizenship—are noteworthy sources of information on the Hungarian refugee problem between 1918 and 1924.

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ARAP BAHARININ YEMENE ETKİLERİ ve YAŞANAN ZORUNLU GÖÇ HAREKETLİLİĞİ

Author(s): Ebrahim Al-Yamani / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 50/2021

The Arab Spring spread rapidly in the Middle East countries and North Africa during a short period of time after Mohamed Bouazizi, the Tunisian street vendor, burned himself in front of the government building as a protest against his economic problems. The Arab Spring caused the overthrow of the ruling regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. In Syria, the course of the resistance changed from a peaceful into an armed resistance. The fall of countries in the Middle East through either a coup or a political instability become an international problem which may cause serious problems at the regional and global security level. The efforts of the National Dialogue Conference in Yemen did not yield any results. Besides, the chaos and the conflict caused by armed groups in the country turned into a dead end with the spread of Al-Qaeda in the region. In this study, the focus is on the situation of Yemen before the Arab Spring, emergence of the Arab Spring and its effects on Yemen as well as the forced migration after the Arab Spring.

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Rasprava o nomadologiji

Author(s): Félix Guattari,Gilles Deleuze / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/1996

(Iz: Gilles Deleuze/Felix Guattari, “Capitalisme et Schizophrenie”, Mille Plateaux, Les Editions de Minuit, Paris 1980, str. 471-481)

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