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Considerații privind autorizarea și supravegherea activității de asigurare și reasigurare din România din perspectiva noilor competențe acordate Autorității de Supraveghere Financiară

Author(s): Raluca Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

At the same time, in accordance with Directive (EU) 2021/2118 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2021 amending Directive 2009/103/EC relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability, member states must establish, authorize or designate a body having the role of making payments to third parties prejudiced by compulsory insurance of vehicles against civil liability, in case of insolvency or liquidation for any reason of the insurer that issued the compulsory insurance of vehicles against civil liability contract, body to negotiate the conclusion of agreements with similar bodies in other member states.

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Dopuszczalne różnicowanie sytuacji pracowników ze względu na religię, wyznanie lub światopogląd

Author(s): Małgorzata Czuryk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2024

Both believers and non-believers have equal rights in state, political, economic, social and cultural life. Accordingly, discrimination based on religion or religious convictions is prohibited, including within the framework of employment relations. However, in Polish law, an exception to the principle of non-differentiation among employees on the basis of religion, belief or worldview is set out in Article 183b § 4 of the Labour Code: it is not a violation of the principle of equal treatment for churches and other religious organisations, as well as organisations whose ethics are based on religion, beliefs or worldview, to restrict access to employment based on the same if the nature of their activities makes religion, beliefs or worldview a real and decisive professional requirement imposed on an employee, which is proportionate to achieving the legitimate aim of differentiating the situation of that person. This also applies to the requirement for employees to act in good faith and have loyalty towards the ethics of a church, other religious organisations and organisations whose ethics are based on religion, belief or worldview. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the permissibility of differentiating among employees on the basis of religion, belief or worldview. This requires identifying those who are entitled to apply the provision and criteria for its application. It is also necessary to draw attention to the emerging collision between the rights of an individual (the employee) and the rights of churches and other religious organisations and organisations whose ethics are based on religion, belief or worldview (employers) in the employment process and to the ways of resolving this collision. To balance the rights of the parties with the employment relationship and to prevent abuse, it is necessary to ensure that the court is able to verify whether the criteria of the counter-rule have been applied correctly in a specific situation. When resolving conflicts of rights that arise in this regard, courts should consider both the individual rights of employees and the guarantees and rights of churches and other religious and worldview organisations.

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PERSPEKTIVE PREVENTIVNIH PROGRAMA U SUSTAVU SOCIJALNE SKRBI FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Karolina Tadić-Lesko / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2024

Prevention is defined differently depending on the scientific and professional context. In essence, prevention empowers individuals, groups and systems to solve problems and difficulties, promotes the protection of human rights, encourages the choice of healthy lifestyles and prosocial behavior, prevents unacceptable social behaviors and/or reduces their intensity. This paper aims to analyze the existing capacities for prevention in the social legislation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on areas for the improvement of preventive interventions (and programs). The analysis of the social legislation of the FB&H indicated capacities for the application of preventive interventions and programs aimed at children and families, the application of the restorative justice model, the prevention of domestic violence, the development of foster care, and mode to prevent high-conflict divorces, as well. The same analysis showed that the terms “prevention”, “deterrence” and “suppression” are rarely used in local legislation, and there are no instructions for the implementation of (preventive) activities; moreover, there are no regulations for the implementation of preventive interventions, while possible preventive activities represent measures and procedures from jurisdiction. In the analysis of local and foreign literature, there are strong points for the implementation of preventive interventions (and programs) through services for preventive work and/or the application of an integrated approach to prevention through specialized family centers in order to improve preventive efficiency in the social welfare system as well as the community, which represents a significant step towards providing preventive services, increasing social inclusion and improving the quality of life of their users.

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CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC EDUCATION POLICIES IN ROMANIA AND EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Mădălina-Elena Mihăilescu / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2023

This article aims to highlight what efforts have been made in the last two to three years both in Romania and in other European countries to reduce school dropout, in particular, - a phenomenon increasingly present in many European societies, what were the amounts invested in this regard and to what extent such investments have had practical effect.

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Pracovnoprávny spor v Českej republike a na Slovensku

Author(s): Jana Mikušová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The legal regulation of individual labour disputes as disputes with a weaker party, which is the employee, underwent a major recodification in the Slovak Republic in 2016. The adoption of new procedural codes, one of which was Act No. 165/2015 Coll. Civil Procedure Code, a special institute of individual labour law dispute was established, which relatively comprehensively regulates several deviations and departures from the general legal regulation of civil procedure. Recodification simultaneously repealed and replaced Act No 99/1963 Coll., the Civil Procedure Code, which was an imitation of Act No 99/1963 Coll. Code of the Civil procedure regulating civil court proceedings or civil procedure in the Czech Republic to this day. Although the Civil Procedure Code does not contain a comprehensive special regulation of individual labour law litigation, it does, however, in several places, provide for certain derogations to be applied in the case of this specific type of litigation. The content of this article is precisely a comparison of the Czech and Slovak legal regulation of individual labour law litigation with regard to both the applicable legislation and the case law and judicial practice in this area. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis and comparison made, the article also contains their evaluation and de lege ferenda proposals.

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Vztahy z dohod o pracích konaných mimo pracovní poměr, odkud přicházíte a kam kráčíte?

Author(s): Vojtěch Kadlubiec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The article is focused on the analysis of main elements of the legal regulation of Czech labour-law relations based on the agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship. The main attention is dedicated to the established conditions for application of given relations (also from a historical perspective) and to the key pro¬blematic aspects of their regulation in the context of ensuring an adequate level of protec¬tion of legal status of employees. The aim is also to contribute to the debate on possible solutions of identified problems in the field of Labour law.

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LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLATFORM SERVICE PROVIDERS AND ONLINE TRANSPORTATION DRIVER IN INDONESIA

Author(s): Dian HADIATI,Abdul Rachmad Budiono,Hanif Nur Widhiyanti / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2023

This research aims to determine the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers). The choice of theme is motivated by the fact that so far the legal relationship that occurs between platform service providers and online transportation drivers is a partnership relationship, but the partnership relationship that occurs does not implement the principles of partnership in its implementation in the business world. This partnership cooperation relationship is not regulated in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises or the Indonesian labour law because the Indonesian labour law only recognizes working relationships, while in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises because the original intent of the partnership in Law No.20/2008 is very different from the partnership relationship that is currently happening between platform service providers and online transportation drivers. Then the writing of this paper uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The legal material obtained by the author will be analyzed using descriptive analytical analysis techniques, namely a method of analyzing legal material by determining the content or meaning of legal rules in terms of partnership cooperation relationships, as well as the Civil Code. From the results of research with the above methods, the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers) is classified as a partnership relationship based on the Subordinate union of partnership, namely a partnership based on the merger of two or more parties that are subordinately related.

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Kultura sećanja u književnosti radnih migranata

Author(s): Ana Banić Grubišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2024

This article examines the significance of memory and remembrance for the identity formation of Yugoslavian/Serbian guest workers and sheds light on the building narrative elements of memory culture in the prose works of so-called “Gastarbeiter literature” written by members of different generations of migrants. The role of memory and remembrance in migration is examined on the basis of examples of prose works by migrant workers, whereby the interweaving of individual and collective memory is emphasized as an essential feature of migrant literature. Individual memories in the literature of migrant workers are linked to feelings of longing for home and past times, which makes the nostalgia a decisive element of the memory culture in guest worker literature.

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Admitere recurs în interesul legii. Interpretarea și aplicarea unitară a dispozițiilor art. 150 C. muncii, art. 7 din H.G. nr. 250/1992, art. 22 din O.G. nr. 6/2007 și art. 23 din O.G. nr. 10/2008. Indemnizația de hrană reglementată de art. 18 din...

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru soluționarea recursului în interesul legii, decizia nr. 13/2024, Publicat în: Monitorul Oficial Nr. 1.052 din 21 octombrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 39 alin. (1) și (4) raportat la art. 6 lit. a), b) și c) din Legea-cadru nr. 153/2017. Nivel maxim de salarizare. Drepturi salariale

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 40/2024, Publicată în: Monitorul Oficial Nr. 1017 din 11 octombrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept . Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea art. 106 alin. (1), art. 144 și art. 146 alin. (3) C. muncii, art. 220 alin. (1) și (5) din Legea nr. 198/2023, art. 267 alin. (1) și art. 270 din Legea nr. 1/2011

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 41/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.056 din 21 octombrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 58 lit. c) din Legea nr. 263/2010 privind sistemul unitar de pensii publice. Stagiu complet de cotizare. Vechime în muncă

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 51/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.184 din 28 noiembrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 14 alin. (3) din anexa nr. VI Familia ocupațională de funcții bugetare "Apărare, ordine publică și securitate națională" din...

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 60/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.244 din 11 decembrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Promovare în grade/trepte profesionale superioare ori din funcția de grefier cu studii medii în cea de grefier cu studii superioare, în cadrul aceleiași instanțe sau aceluiași...

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 61/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.274 din 18 decembrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 15 alin (1) din anexa VI la Legea-cadru nr. 153/2017, art. 34 alin. (2) din O.U.G. nr. 114/2018, art. I alin. (3) din O.U.G. nr. 226

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 75/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.218 din 4 decembrie 2024.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Recalcularea drepturilor de pensie deschise anterior intrării în vigoare a Legii nr. 197/2021, prin aplicarea art. 107 alin. (3) din Legea nr. 263/2010

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 89/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.291 din 20 decembrie 2024.

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Schimbarea, ca urmare a admiterii apelului, a sentinței prin care s-a dispus anularea deciziei de concediere și reintegrare în muncă, care a fost pusă în executare. Consecințe

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

În situația în care sentința prin care s-a dispus anularea deciziei de concediere și reintegrare în muncă a fost pusă în executare și, ulterior, a fost schimbată în apel, în sensul respingerii acțiunii: (a) vechimea în muncă acumulată de la data reintegrării în muncă până la pronunțarea soluției în apel rămâne dobândită și atrage beneficiile contractuale convenite de părți sau prevăzute în contractul colectiv de muncă; (b) angajatul trebuie să restituie suma primită cu titlu de despăgubiri în temeiul art.80 Codul Muncii, iar dobânda este datorată de la momentul la care hotărârea judecătorească a fost desființată în calea de atac, întrucât suma primită devine necuvenită abia după acel moment, iar dacă angajatul nu o restituie, este considerat de rea-credință, deținând suma de bani fără temei și cunoscând această împrejurare.

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Může soud dotvořením práva pomoci zaměstnanci se zdravotním postižením?

Author(s): Nicolas Ölveczky / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2025

In this paper I attempt to examine the question of whether the court can aid an employee with a disability through judicial law-making. I do so by analysing the Supreme Court’s decision 21 Cdo 1276/2016. I will try to demonstrate, that it did not in my opinion consider and reflect the EU and international approach to the integration of employees with disabilities into the workforce with a sufficient degree of intensity. I introduce these approaches, and I try to showcase their possible relevance to Czech case law. I overall try to assess the decision in terms of the (in)admissibility of its judicial law-making. This means that I am attempting to determine whether the court has impermissibly encroached (by the way it interprets the law) upon the legislative authority of parliament. I firstly address the issue of judicial law-making itself theoretically and then through case law. In the case law section, I outline a “methodology”, describing a procedure a court should follow when wanting to engage in judicial law-making. I then analyse the case 21 Cdo 1276/2016 through the lens of the theoretical setting, “methodology”, and knowledge of the EU and international approach. I point out its legal framework, present its two legal conclusions, and I attempt to evaluate them in terms of their conformity with the approaches, and their (in)admissibility respectively. I affirmatively answer the question posed in the title in this part of the text in the context of a specific labor law case. I then outline the abstract implications derivable from such an analysis in the conclusion. There I provide a positive answer to the question posed in the title in a general way. Finally, I note the non-exhaustive, practicality, topicality, and interdisciplinary applicability of the topic of judicial law-making as a whole.

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WAS A LEGAL DEFINITION OF THE LEGAL EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP NECESSARY IN THE ROMANIAN LABOR CODE?

Author(s): Dan Ţop / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2025

For the first time in Romanian labor legislation we have a legal definition of the legal employment relationship.by Law No. 283/2024. In the Romanian legal doctrine, it is shown that not all social relations are legal relations, but any social relation is susceptible to becoming a legal relation. In order for a legal relationship to appear and develop, it is necessary to have some preliminary factors, often called premises, which must exist (as the name suggests) before the appearance of the legal relationship, namely: the legal norm, the subjects of the legal relationship and the legal facts. Prior to the aforementioned regulation, the legal relationship was defined in doctrine. Given these consideration, the question may be asked whether a legal definition of the legal employment relationship was necessary or not.

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VALJANOST UGOVORA O KUPOPRODAJI ROBE – KARAKTERISTIKE KINESKOG PRAVA

Author(s): Mihaela Braut Filipović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2024

The paper presents the development of Chinese contract law, which underwent significant legislative changes from the 1980s until the adoption of the Civil Code of China in 2020. Although the legislative models of Croatian and Chinese legislators largely overlap, the paper discusses whether Chinese law comprises any specific solutions, particularly influenced by the ideological philosophies, of Confucianism and communism, which prevail in Chinese culture and legal system. The paper examines the specifics of concluding the sale of goods contracts between Croatian and Chinese traders. The research questions deal with the implementation of the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods and legal challenges to the validity of contracts when Chinese law applies. The author identifies two key challenges to the validity of the contract according to Chinese law, namely its form and content, as well as the scope of application of the principle of party autonomy. Contractual solutions are proposed to avoid some dubious interpretations before the Chinese courts. In conclusion, this article contributes to understanding the context of Chinese commercial contract law and its legal framework, and enhances thereby the party’s legitimate expectations and the quality of drafting sales of goods contract when engaging in business with Chinese traders.

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