CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

PARTICULARITĂȚILE APLICĂRII TEHNICII POLIGRAF LA ASIGURAREA ORDINII ȘI SIGURANȚEI PUBLICE

Author(s): Andrei Lungu,Iurie Odagiu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In this article we propose to analyze and evaluate some aspects related to the use of the polygraph technique in the process of ensuring public order and security. Attention will be given to the professional skills and competencies of a polygraph examiner, as well as the need to know the special procedures that may be applied during a polygraph test. We will focus on the need to use memorial traces from a forensic point of view. We will focus on the method and methodology of conducting a polygraph test and provide recommendations for further research in the field of polygraph application.

More...

MULTICULTURALISM ȘI DIVERSITATE ÎN MISIUNILE DE MENȚINERE A PĂCII SUB EGIDA ONU

Author(s): Petru Țarcă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Created in 1945 primarily for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security, the United Nations (UN) plays a vital role in restoring and maintaining peace and stability in countries still affected by conflicts or large-scale crisis. This is achieved through peacekeeping missions and operations, which have constantly evolved and developed. Thus, there has been a gradual shift from the simpler, traditional missions and operations carried out in the spirit of Chapter VI of the UN Charter on the peaceful settlement of disputes, without any military objective or task, to today's multidimensional missions, which have to manage much more complex crisis situations. The United Nations is committed to promote cultural awareness and diversity in all its peacekeeping operations. In recent years, the United Nations has taken significant steps to improve the cultural awareness and sensitivity of its peacekeepers. This includes providing training on cultural competency and cross-cultural communication, as well as developing policies and guidelines that consider the unique needs of each mission. The UN perspective is that peacekeeping operations are often conducted in cultures very different from those of the peacekeepers themselves. As such, it is important for peacekeepers to be aware of the local culture and customs. By taking steps to promote cultural awareness and diversity, the UN is working to increase the efficiency of its peacekeeping forces.

More...

Procesul de deeplearning al aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială

Author(s): Sorin-Constantin Lică,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Deeplearning is a branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on training deep neural networks to learn and make decisions or make predictions. This technology is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.Deeplearning models are made up of several layers of interconnected artificial neurons, called artificial neural networks. Each layer takes the output from the previous layer, processes it and sends it to the next layer. Layers close to the input are responsible for extracting lower-level features, while deeper layers learn higher-level representations or abstractions.One of the main advantages of deeplearning is its ability to automatically learn relevant features or representations from raw data, eliminating the need for manual engineering. This allows deeplearning models to excel in tasks such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, recommender systems, and more.Training deeplearning models typically involves providing a large set of labeled data and using an algorithm called backpropagation to adjust connection weights between neurons, minimizing the difference between predicted and actual outputs. This process is computationally intensive and often requires significant computational resources such as specialized hardware (e.g., GPUs) or distributed computing systems.

More...

Strategii de prevenire și combatere a criminalității organizate din perspectiva falsificării de monedă

Author(s): Eduard Constantin / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Organized crime is a dynamic, cross-border, criminal phenomenon that requires the periodic development of strategies adapted to new trends to prevent and combat it. In this sense, the criminogenic factors, the methods and ways of committing the purpose crimes, the relevant legislation in force, the competence and performance of institutions specialized in combating crime, but also of social reaction to organized crime, must be taken into account.At the european level, the EU Strategy to combat organized crime 2021-2025 is applicable, being the first unitary strategy dedicated to organized crime; this derives from the EU Security Union Strategy. In Romania, the seat of the matter is Law no. 39/2003, national strategies and specific, multi-annual action plans being developed.Currency counterfeiting, as a manifestation of organized crime, is part of the scope of strategies of this type, which include a series of measures and actions to prevent and combat such a criminal phenomenon, which seriously affects the economy, the financial system of the European Union and the member states, but also the patrimony of the natural or legal person injured by receiving counterfeit currency.The SOCTA 2021 assessment by Europol mentions currency counterfeiting as the main area of activity of organized crime networks, being classified as a priority threat under the European Multidisciplinary Platform against Criminal Threats 2022-2025 (EMPACT 2022).

More...

Lupta împotriva terorismului în contextul internațional: fond și reguli procedurale. Studii de caz

Author(s): George Gabriel Nistorescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States and generated a significant increase in legislation on the fight against terrorism at national and European level. Given the seriousness of these offences, judicial cooperation between States is indispensable. In this context, both substantial and procedural instruments are taken into account to provide the necessary measures to prevent and combat terrorism. These include the European Arrest Warrant within the European Union. However, there are two major risks associated with this supposed fight against terrorism. These include the European Arrest Warrant within the European Union. However, there are two major risks associated with this supposed fight against terrorism. The first risk is the creation of a so-called „criminal security law” that could undermine the legal safeguards and fundamental rights of individuals. The second risk is the questionable violation of human rights by some of these procedural measures. In the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, judicial cooperation between Member States focuses mainly on the nature and characteristics of terrorism, an offence that does not respect territorial boundaries at all. The „criminal security law”, in the context of the war in Ukraine, has become, more than ever, a subject of great topicality.We will examine the provisions proposed by the draft EU Constitution on the material and procedural instruments used in the fight against terrorism in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters. In this context, we believe that it is crucial to adopt alternative instruments that protect citizens' civil liberties and human rights. Only in this way will fair and equitable judicial cooperation between the various Member States be possible.

More...

On the Use of Semantic Frames in Law Enforcement English Methodology

Author(s): Ileana Chersan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The methodology of English for specific purposes has long been employed and developed, capitalizing on the latest language research and linguistic traits. Using semantic analysis and more specifically semantic frames (in the sense of Fillmore ) to deconstruct the meanings of a lexical unit or word is a complex and rewarding methodological approach; this can facilitate the comprehension of cultural and social concepts behind the lexical units, contrasting concepts and situations and contextualizing them with more semantic precision. Law enforcement concepts favour this approach due to the social and historical complexity of law enforcement systems and their impact on cross-cultural communication. This paper explores two semantic frames of law enforcement concepts – ‘Criminal attempts’ and the ‘Power to stop and search’ - to demonstrate the rationale and applicability of frame semantics to English law enforcement vocabulary teaching.

More...

Un Studiu Aprofundat al Comportamentului Managerial în Context Organizațional

Author(s): Cristina Pielmuş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The organisational behaviour represents the way in which members of an organisation understand to adopt certain attitudes or modes of action in their relationship with the organisational environment, as individuals or as members of a group. The understanding of organisational behaviour as an essential variable of the organisation is directly dependent on the human component that forms the core of organisations, without which we could not conceive their existence. The study of organisational behavior is relevant for the deep understanding of the mechanisms that engage the entire organisational life. In the specialised literature, the organisational context is viewed as the influencing factor of human behaviour, and, therefore, as the variable that has a direct impact on the type of behaviour that is created at the organisational level. As a matter of fact, this study aims at highlighting those dimensions of the organisation that act as determinants of organisational behaviour.

More...

Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Author(s): Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Denisa-Cristina Niță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We chose this subject because we believe it represents a head topic for public order activity, especially regarding law enforcement. In the content of the article, we decided to approach some of the similarities in the provisions of the Criminal Code, Law no. 61/1991, respectively Law no. 4/2008.Analyzing the normative framework from the perspective of law enforcement by public order bodies, certain existing challenges can be found during the execution of the missions in terms of the legal framing of the facts, respectively risks that fall on the erroneous application of a misdemeanor punishment for committing an act of a criminal nature. At the same time, it was analysed the managing of a specific case in the sports environment by the bodies empowered to apply sanctions or to ascertain the commission of the act (eg: the statements of former coach Oprița Daniel from the fall of 2022, in the context of confrontations between the gendarmes and CSA Steaua supporters which resulted in acts of violence).

More...

Fraudele prin atribuirea identității unor persoane din cadrul unităților bancare

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Impersonation fraud is a major problem in the financial sector and can have significant consequences for banks and their customers. This problem is growing as technology evolves and the number of online financial transactions increases. Thus, this research topic is important and topical as it aims to identify the causes that foster identity attribution fraud and to identify the most effective methods to prevent and pre-empt it. In addition, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks have moved to online banking, which has increased the risk of cyber fraud and made the topic of this research even more relevant. There is also an increased need to protect customers' data and financial information, making this research important for the development of a safer and more secure banking environment. This research study could have a positive impact on the banking industry and its customers by creating more effective policies and procedures to prevent and combat identity attribution fraud.In conclusion, research in this area has focused on developing technological and methodological solutions for the prevention and detection of identity-attribution fraud in banking establishments.

More...

Importanța cunoașterii populației pentru activitățile specifice poliției

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Knowledge of the population is extremely important for specific policing activities as it can help to identify security problems and develop strategies to prevent anti-social crime. By knowing the population, police can better understand the culture, customs and values of the community. This knowledge can help identify vulnerable groups, those who may be vulnerable to crime or tempted to commit it. Knowledge of the population can also be useful in establishing effective communication between the police and the community. By understanding the needs and expectations of the community, the police can develop strategies to involve the community in crime prevention and crime fighting activities. In addition, knowledge of the population can help to identify high-risk areas, areas where offences against the law frequently occur or where there are public safety problems. In order to develop community-specific preventive strategies, the police need to identify and assess community-specific risk factors. Identifying and assessing risk factors are essential steps in the crime prevention process and can help to develop appropriate preventive strategies. One of the main objectives of population awareness in the work of preventing crimes harmful to society is to develop specific preventive measures tailored to the needs of the community.

More...

Prevenirea și Combaterea Criminalității Informatice din Perspectiva Cooperării Polițienești Internaționale

Author(s): Alexandru Ignat,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We can state that with each passing day, our world is becoming increasingly digitized and the accessibility of the population to information resources and computer systems is becoming more and more diversified, while awareness and education regarding online security are not, unfortunately, a priority discussed on the agenda, yet. As technology advances, people become more dependent on it, and preventing and combating cybercrime becomes an increasingly pressing issue. International police cooperation is essential in addressing this type of often organized crime, as most cybercrimes surpass conventional borders. Thus, strong and efficient collaboration among law enforcement agencies from different countries can contribute to identifying and pursuing criminals who exploit computer systems, as well as exchanging vital information for preventing future cyber attacks. This requires the development of common protocols and procedures, open and transparent communication, and a shared commitment to protecting citizens and public institutions. Additionally, public education and awareness are of paramount importance in preventing crimes within the realm of cybercrime. In an increasingly interconnected world, we must ensure that a significant portion of the population understands the risks associated with technology usage and is prepared to protect themselves or detect and report violations of rights in the online environment.

More...

Reducerea vulnerabilității comunităților urbane în fața dezastrelor

Author(s): Ionel-Alin Mocioi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, worldwide, there is a major increase in losses caused by natural disasters, in a situation where the frequency of occurrence of destructive natural phenomena is relatively constant. It can be said that we are still powerless in the face of natural disasters and that we have to learn to live permanently and consciously with the risk of producing such destructive phenomena. Reducing the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters is a complex process and requires an integrated approach involving prevention, preparedness and emergency response measures. This is also a major concern in disaster risk management. Urban communities are exposed to a range of disaster risks, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, storms and heat waves, and these can have serious consequences for people's lives, the environment and Property.There are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters, as follows:• Identification and assessment of risks specific to the community• Sustainable urban planning• Making investments in infrastructure• Early warning systems• Educating and informing the community• Development and implementation of evacuation plans• Development of a communication network• Preparing the population to respond in case of emergencyBy taking such measures, urban communities can become more resilient to disasters and better prepared to deal with emergencies.The negative effects generated by disasters should rather be seen as an opportunity for the initiation of regional sustainable development programs. Rather, disasters should be seen as an opportunity to implement profound social and economic change.

More...

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION

Author(s): Cătălin Opriță / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the hydraulic calculation of an IG 541 extinguishing system, we can distinguish the evolution of several physical quantities, within the dimensionally configured installation, such as pressure, flow rate, temperature. In a non-compliant hydraulic calculation, we can identify several errors. These calculation errors, but also the use of non-compliant materials, because of wrong calculations, can lead to critical situations. Considering that the IG 541 inert gas extinguishing installations are intended for the protection of vitally vulnerable spaces, such as mobile telecommunications centers, control units, banking centers, museums, archives and many such spaces, the requirements must be considered regarding the continuity of the activity, and the calculation errors must be zero.

More...

ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR

Author(s): Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article describes a simulation of a fire in a plastic and polypropylene storage warehouse using Pyrosim software. The warehouse has a 40 cm thick concrete floor and is 34.02 m long, 23.73 m wide, and 8.38 m high. Temperature distribution during the fire was monitored using vertical and horizontal temperature plans. The highest temperature of 1020°C was recorded in the vertical plan passing through the fire, and at a height of 1.7 meters, the temperature reached 120°C, making it difficult for firefighters to enter the storage area. Finally, the article highlights the importance of an automatic sprinkler extinguishing system to prevent explosions and rapid fire spread throughout the warehouse.

More...

Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu

Author(s): Irinel Alexandru Precup,Liviu Valentin Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the event of a fire involving radioactive materials, the burning of these materials can lead to the release of radioactive gases, which can spread into the atmosphere and be inhaled by humans, posing risks to their health. The purpose of detecting radionuclides is to identify their presence in various media, such as water, air or soil, in order to evaluate their impact on human health and the environment, and to ensure a safe working and living environment for people. Radionuclide detection can also be used to assess the effectiveness of radiation protection and control measures. A specially designed computer system for calculating the release rate of radionuclides can ensure that radionuclide emissions are maintained at acceptable levels, and that any incidents or accidental releases are detected and reported in a timely manner, ensuring a high level of safety and protection for people and the environment. Keywords: radionuclides, release rate, dispersion, half-life, fire.

More...

Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Author(s): Marian Truță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the main factors that cause fires in vehicles. The paper also aims to present two particular cases in which fires in ambulances had unusual causes. The analysis of common causes of vehicle fires and unusual causes will highlight a number of relevant conclusions regarding the circumstances of vehicle fires and a number of measures to be taken to reduce the risk of vehicle fires.

More...

Полицейската регистрация в светлината на решение на съда на ЕС, Пети състав, от 26 януари 2023 г. по Дело С-205/21

Author(s): Tsvetana Valentinova Barzinska / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The presentation contains an analysis and conclusions regarding the synchronization of national legislation with that of the European Union (EU) regarding the processing of personal data in connection with police registration. Proposals have also been made to change the legal basis.

More...

Решения за преодоляване на недостига на средства за хоспитализацията и лечението на здравно-неосигурените пациенти в Клиниката по токсикология на МБАЛ-София, ВМА

Author(s): Lyudmila Neykova-Vasileva,Anton Pramatarov,Kuzman Paskalev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

According to the Ministry of Finance, by the end of 2022, the uninsured population in the country will exceed 700 000 Bulgarians or 12% of the population subject to compulsory health insurance. The aim of the present study is to analyse the available data according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 nosological classification. Gender, age group, reasons for admission to the clinic, duration of hospitalizations, cost of treatment of uninsured persons hospitalized in the Emergency Toxicology Clinic of the Hospital of the Medical University of Sofia, MMA, in the period 2020-2023 were taken into account. The subject of the study are intoxications caused by abuse of psychoactive substances (PAS), which is a significant social and health problem.

More...

Pension Tracking System Application in Bulgaria

Author(s): Stanislav Dimitrov,Elroi Hadad / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Different areas serve as sources of pension protection for the citizens of the European Union. Along with pensions from public systems, capital pensions are playing an increasing role. Financial institutions-providers of pension savings products operate on a different business model. This diversity makes it difficult for the saver to make a decision and is an obstacle to the development of the pension protection. The pension tracking system is seen as a mechanism for achieving a more efficient market for pension products. The report examines the development of this instrument in the European Union. We are looking for answers to questions about the possible application in Bulgaria and other countries. The analysis concludes that the pension tracking system is a necessary set of measures that would be a prerequisite for improving the well-being of the savers.

More...

За необходимостта от трудово-правна уредба на ваучерната система на заетост, в контекста на принципа за недискриминация

Author(s): Paola Klassa / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report provides an overview of the emergence of voucher systems for employment in Belgium, France and Canton Geneva (Switzerland), the specifics of their application in each of these countries, the problems that this type of employment solves, as well as its weaknesses, its interdependence with the so-called domestic workers. Outlines the place for its‘ regulation according to the Employment Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria 2021-2030 to other forms of flexibility as a prerequisite for economic growth. Points to its inevitable interconnection as attypical employment also with the principle of non165 discrimination and the need to transpose Directive No 2023/970 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023. to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for women and men for equal work or work of equal value, through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms.

More...