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Review of: Sarah Engler, Palmo Brunner, Romane Loviat, Tarik Abou-Chadi, Lucas Leemann, Andreas Glaser & Daniel Kübler, Democracy in times of the pandemic: explaining the variation of COVID-19 policies across European democracies West European Politics, martie 2021, pp. 1-22.
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European Union member states are preferring to address the single labour market’s benefits, and thus establishing the various forms of regulations for the labour migration within EU. Among the member states, Germany labour rules are in the great norms and the good history which makes the fair and just legislation between the national workers and migrant workers. The very interesting regulations in Germany are the Key Role of Hartz Reform with the Convincing on the Effectiveness of Profound Labour Market which gets the German labour policies to be developed. Active labour market policies are the principal play in Europe as far as the workers’ rights through the labour market, and so all European member countries also have to implement ALMP supporting to their national labour legislations. Germany had been trying to set active labour market policies as their best in lieu of demanding the skilled workers only, since after the Second World War.
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The role of whistleblowers is important in a democratic society, in terms of implementing the postulate of transparency in public life, and for verifying the functioning of public institutions and persons discharging public functions. For many years, the European Union has encouraged the Member States to introduce such regulations. The research objective of the article is to evaluate Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons reporting breaches of EU law in terms of the effectiveness and adequacy of the proposed solutions. Appropriate standards ensuring their protection constitute an important element enabling the realization of the freedom of expression and the right of access to information. The research is based on the legal dogmatic method. The article singles out and analyses the elements of an effective whistleblower protection system and performs a critical analysis of Directive 2019/1937 in terms of meeting these conditions. Undoubtedly, both the creation of a minimum level of protection at the EU level and the horizontal approach covering sectors, public as well as private, should be positively assessed. However, the Directive leaves some gaps for the national legislator, the fulfilment of which depends on the actual effectiveness of the solutions proposed in it.
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The dissertation analyses the Slovak language usage possibilities and practice. The author surveys the provision of law referring to the minority language rights: the constitution, the minority law, and other decrees. It presents the scenes of individual and collective, verbal and written language usage at the present time, which are: the family, circle of friends and acquaintance, labour and leisure, cultural and public life, administration, purchasing, illness, church, ecclesiastical and religious life, the media, personal sphere and institutions.
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Abaterea constând în consumul de alcool în incita societăţii sau la punctele de lucru nu este condiţionată de săvârşirea acesteia în timpul programului de lucru, susţinerile reclamantului cu privire la aflarea în afara orelor de program neavând nicio relevanţă sub aspectul existenţei faptei.
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The main goal of this paper is the topic of education of adults legally sentenced to unconditional imprisonment in the field of ICT and its financial implications for public finances, especially on employment policy and saving opportunities in this area. It is based on data obtained from a quantitative survey conducted in the second half of 2019 in twelve Czech prisons for unconditional imprisonment, legally convicted persons and in the first half of 2021 in ten Czech prisons for imprisonment, legally convicted. The research sample includes a total of 999 people, of which 748 are men and 215 are women. Publicly available data from Eurostat, the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic (MLSA CR) and the Czech Statistical Office are also used. The Gretl program was used for calculations and statistical modeling. The results can be used in the public sphere to prepare educational programs in prisons. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic can use them within the framework of employment policy, the Ministroy of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through educational institutions used to educate prisoners. The results can also be used in the commercial sector, in the case of the supply of ICT, hardware and software to prisons.
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Globalisation debate in recent years is characterised with trade literature, growth and formation of multinational companies, the internationalisation motive, market liberalisation and the impact of these on nation states’ labour markets (Giddens, 2004). Zimbabwe as a nation is not exempted from the impact of globalisation on its labour relations. Literature review identified that to curb the adverse effects of globalisation, Zimbabwe adopted the use of affirmative action policies, which were received with mixed feelings of criticisms and appreciations. This article sought to understand the impact of globalisation on affirmative action and establish the extent to which affirmative action policies ameliorate the negative effects of globalisation. A qualitative paradigm was adopted. Data was gathered through the use of interviews and participants memoirs. Results were analysed by usingf both Nvivo 10 and manual coding. Results showed that either globalisation has an impact on affirmative action through inspiring the promulgation of policies or labour legislation that eradicates discrimination, or it can stifle some policies that deter globalisation. The article recommended that to ensure fairer globalisation there is need to use affirmative action policies to ameliorate discriminations occasioned by globalisation on Zimbabwe’s employment relations. Affirmative action policies need to be properly discussed and shared by all social partners to increase the chance of success in their implementation. With openness and shared goals, affirmative action policies and laws can help to achieve fairer globalisation.
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The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 disrupted lives across the globe and nations were suddenly forced to adapt in conditions that were unprecedented, uncertain and life-threatening. Nations responded by closing borders and ordering their citizens to work from home, forcing organisations and those working in them to find new ways of carrying out their core functions in conditions of disorientation, isolation, competing demands and in some cases, fear. The extent to which organisations were able to negotiate the crisis would depend on how their managers responded to their staff. This study draws on an analysis of semi-structured interviews with 26 Scottish Criminal Justice Social Workers and managers which took place during the national lockdown of March– June 2020. Drawing on theories of leadership and self-determination theory, the findings reveal that good managers at such a time of crisis are servant leaders who prioritise the fundamental human needs of their staff and reduce their level of uncertainty.
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Achieving an optimal work–life balance has been a policy objective of the European Union for many years. Despite progress in this reconciliation, inequalities in the labour market and in gender equality still persist. It should be emphasized that we are not just talking about inequalities in the private sector, the issue of reconciling family and working life is also relevant in local government conditions, and it also affects private and public sector employees who are responsible for families. In the context of European social and legal culture, the legislature, by means of family policy, not excluding legislative measures taken by labour legislation, creates the conditions for workers – women and men caring for children and other dependants – to ensure that they are not subject to economic and social instability. In this study, we analyse the minimum standards of Directive 2019/1158 on work–life balance for parents and carers, focusing on the institutes of maternity, paternity and parental leave. Comparatively, we examine the extent to which the Slovak Republic has adopted legislative measures of family policy with the legislation of Italy.
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Initiated early and consistently promoted, EU policy action to combat climatechange is characterized by consistency, exemplary, and stimulating to create the legalframework for the national, regional and global response to the challenges of globalwarming, resilience and adaptation. climate change. Standing at the forefront of theappropriate response, the Union has shown political, diplomatic, strategic and legalleadership by approving the Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and theKyoto Protocol (1997) without waiting for their entry into force, by to adopt anambitious and relevant energy-climate package on 23 April 2009, while in December ofthe same year in Copenhagen, COP-15 failed to make new post-2012 commitments, toplay a "locomotive" role in negotiation and adoption of the 2015 Paris Agreement, andin the face of general uncertainty caused by the (temporary) withdrawal of the US fromit during the Donald Trump administration, to announce the Green Deal (2019) as anew growth strategy. The adoption of the European Climate Law (Regulation2021/1119) and the "Fit-for-55" legislative package has led to the structuring of arepresentative legislative body, which is booming, with rapid trends towards theestablishment of an "EU climate law", an incentive for the development of internationaland comparative law and a major influence on strengthening the relevant regulations inthe domestic law of the Member States.
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The economic and social provisions of the Vidovdan constitution represent its most advanced part. Its introduction was a step forward towards the creation of a socially responsible state. However, their basic goal, increasing the cultural and economic well-being of the people, was not achieved and the economic crisis deepened. In the post-war state, burdened with cultural, religious, and national differences, the democratic constitution did not last long. The author tries to explain the factors that influenced the adoption of these provisions and their (non) implementation. Whether the failure of economic and social provisions was determined by the fate of the constitution or by objective facts is difficult to say. The author seeks to prove that the collapse of the constitution and its economic and social provisions was influenced by a number of unfavorable circumstances, such as the economic underdevelopment of the state, the remnants of feudal relations, political disunity, resistance to the new state, and Serbian hegemony. Using the historical-legal method of research, combined with economic and sociological methods, the socio-economic provisions of the Vidovdan Constitution and their implementation will be analyzed.
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The analysis was carried out on the Judgment of the Provincial Administrative Court of November 27, 2022 with reference number II SA/Sz 1182/21 concerning the provisions of the Act on family benefits (hereinafter referred to as the Act on differentiate the situation of persons with the right to family benefits), as clearly stated in Art. 17 sec. 1 u.ś.r., the benefit in question is addressed to people who do not take up or resign from employment or other gainful work in order to take care of a person who has a certificate of severe disability. The negation of the causal relationship between the applicant’s failure to take up employment and the care provided would have to be based on fully authoritative premises, clearly undermining this relationship in a subjective or objective aspect. caregivers of disabled people, consisting in the exclusion of the entire right to the care benefit of those caregivers who have an established right to one of the benefits listed in art. 17 sec. 5 point 1 lit. a u.ś.r., in a situation where this benefit is lower than the nursing benefit. First of all, it should be noted that the purpose of the nursing benefit is to compensate for the lack of income from gainful employment due to caring for a disabled family member. for this group of caregivers, despite the fact that while providing care after obtaining the right to retirement, the guardian may not take up gainful employment. 17 sec. 5 point 1 lit. and the Act on family benefits should be understood as a way to avoid the accumulation of received benefits, and not as the exclusion of the possibility of establishing the right to a nursing benefit in a situation where the person applying for this benefit meets the conditions for obtaining another benefit specified in this provision. to obtain a nursing benefit, it is not necessary to apply for the revocation of the decision establishing the right to a retirement pension, and it is sufficient to suspend its payment.
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Provoked by the situation caused by the Covid 19 pandemic and the people`s incapacity to leave their homes and to do their usual activities, the institutions started to make only some of their services online. This article presents the progress of the National social security in terms of digitization, referring to the available documents adopted in this area.
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One perspective for the analysis of the principle of equality is equality of opportunity and treatment between the two main genders, female and male, the concept around which this article was developed. At present, both the notion of equal treatment in employment and that of non-discrimination in employment relations are in a relationship of equality. The literature, as well as informal sources such as the media, social networks, etc., convey the concept of discrimination as the opposite of fairness. European Union legislation on non-discrimination has undergone many changes over the last two decades. In this way, the concept of gender equality has undergone a dynamic development both in legislation and in case law, and has become one of the twenty fundamental principles that define the European Pillar of Social Rights, the driving force behind the Europe 2030 agenda. The implications of this concept can be seen both in the economic sphere, particularly in the labour market: equal access and non-discrimination in employment relations, and in the social sphere.
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As part of a larger work "Struttura ed esercizio delle servitù d'acqua nell'esperienza giuridica romana", published in Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, 8 (2003), the author presents the distinction between public and private waters and the discussion of the creation of water easements. The opinions of Roman jurists and the principles of determining the place from which the easement is constituted are presented, as well as their modification during the time of the Principate in relation to the needs of practice and the creation of new types of easements that require supplementing the concept of ius civile.
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Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 28 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑612/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 28 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑637/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 7 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑228/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 7 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑333/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 7 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑489/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 7 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑342/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 7 aprilie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑668/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 24 martie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑711/20, Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene din data de 24 martie 2022, pronunţată în cauza C‑697/20,
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The nature of the presence and participation of private military and security companies in contemporary armed conflicts is omnipresent. The rights and obligations of these companies in general and their employees in particular are an important element of legal research in the field of international humanitarian law. This article examines the constituent elements of the legal status of employees in the light of the following categories of participants in the conflict: combatants, mercenaries, civilians following the regular armed forces and civilians. Thus, it is very important to establish the rights and obligations of employees of private military and security companies in both international and non-international armed conflicts, in order to establish the mechanisms and legal instruments to ensure their compliance with the international humanitarian law rules.
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