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The Use of Online Education by the Czech Population in the European Context

Author(s): Hanne-Lore Bobáková,Martina Chylková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article deals with online educational courses in the Czech Republic. The subject of the investigation is the participation of individuals between 16–74 years of age in online education in the Czech Republic and its development. The investigation also focuses on the computer skills of individuals and their development between 2005–2014, and also in 2017, depending on data availability. All the above-mentioned indicators were analysed and compared to the situation in the neighbouring countries and in the European context. The methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison were applied. The research showed that the number of individuals participating in courses in the Czech Republic was relatively low in comparison to other neighbouring countries, even though the advancement of computer skills in the Czech Republic was constantly increasing from 2005 to 2014.

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Measuring Student Involvement When Taking Tests in E-learning Courses

Author(s): Krzysztof Dziedzic / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected the education process of young people in primary, secondary, and tertiary education, as well as those who improve their competences through various courses and trainings. The practically incessant lockdown in education has resulted in a situation in which distance learning, which most often plays a supplementary role, now constitutes the basic form of education. This situation has forced the selection and adaptation of the available e-learning tools to the types of classes and levels of education. Despite great progress in the development of e-learning technologies, constant stimulation and maintenance of students’ interest in the content presented and monitoring their activity still pose a problem, which also concerns the education of computer science students in issues related to computer graphics. Currently, the preferred model of distance learning is based on various technologies and IT tools that enable the implementation of synchronous and asynchronous work. Prompt acquisition of data on students’ activity allows trainers to adjust the form and content of the presented material to their expectations. It also makes it possible to identify issues that pose great difficulties to students. This paper discusses modern solutions and trends in designing e-learning courses based on the new interactive e-learning platform Quizer. The aim of the research is to determine the course effectiveness using the user activity-monitoring module designed and implemented for the Quizer e-learning platform. The correctness of the answers correlates with the number of attempts to answer it (−0.65). The time devoted to a given question was usually high for questions with low correctness of answers.

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Implementation of Contextual Learning Model Efforts to Improve the Quality of Online Learning of Professional English Students

Author(s): Rizal Yon,Widya Hestiningtyas,Albet Maydiantoro / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

During online learning of professional English courses, economic education students of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung still tend to be passive, so the quality of existing knowledge is considered to be lacking. It is necessary to apply a learning model that can improve the quality of learning. In this study, the model used is the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) model. The contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach is a learning concept that helps educators where during the learning process they can relate the material being taught to the natural world conditions of students and encourage them to apply it in their lives as family and community members. The research uses classroom action research (CAR) using two cycles. Based on the observations, the level of student participation in cycle two is known to increase the active participation rate of students by 41.94%. While the results of student evaluation scores in cycle two are known to have increased by 38.71%.

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Internet methodology - difficulties and opportunities offered by the Internet in conducting research. Analysis of the phenomenon in the light of the literature on the subject

Author(s): Kinga Frączkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2020

Aim. A theoretical review of the opportunities and functions of the application enabling the creation of internet surveys. Assessment of their use in accordance with own opinion and the analysis of the literature on the subject. Methods. Analysis of the literature on the subject and a summary of the description of the survey conducted on the basis of a questionnaire examining the interesting phenomenon of e-methodology and an opinion on distance learning. The authors analysed the advantages and disadvantages of the tools used in online research. The aforementioned experiences of the researchers refer to the experience gained during research on e-methodology. Results and conclusion. The interest in this medium as a tool for social and psychological research has been growing rapidly in the last ten years. The very rapid development of technology that has taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to easily conduct a research survey using the network, which can easily replace any labour-intensive data collection through inquiry. In addition, many different tools and techniques have been created that use the so-called “Global spider web” in conducting my own research. The researcher abandons direct contact with the respondent and devotes himself to the analysis of the phenomenon that interests him by analysing the given Internet environment, social groups that express themselves on a given topic or share their work on specifi c problems. However, the global network is not only a chance for good, innovative approach to research, but also threats and related difficulties. One of the most important weaknesses of the network is the fact that we can never be sure who is on the other end of the computer. Cognitive value. Presentation of new ways of conducting scientific research via the network, presenting my own analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the e-methodology phenomenon. Analysing the phenomenon of internet methodology, we learn that the tendency to participate in internet research is increasing. However, motivation to participate in internet research is not always sufficient, as mentioned by many researchers. There are many ways to infl uence the attractiveness of the research and the motivation to participate in the research. Thanks to this article, we also learn that it is still necessary to conduct further methodological research on increasing the effectiveness of Internet research and minimising errors associated with it. The issues presented in this article reflect the current methodological knowledge. We can predict that as the Internet grows and new technical opportunities emerge - such as video-enabled applications, among others - new methodological issues will arise that may be of interest to researchers.

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Differences in Personal Innovativeness in the Domain of Information Technology Among University Students and Teachers

Author(s): Andrej Šorgo,Mateja Ploj Virtič,Kosta Dolenc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Two online surveys among 1105 university students and 656 employees were conducted with the inclusion of the construct Personal Innovativeness in the domain of Information Technologies (PIIT). After calculating descriptive statistics, statistically significant differences between personal innovativeness of university students and teachers were sought by the application of one-way ANOVA. The first and most important finding was that average perceived PIIT of teachers and students falls around the middle of the seven-point scale, which cannot be regarded as a plausible predictor of upgrading the University as an Innovative Ecosystem. The second was that university teachers scored higher than their students, a situation that could produce an expectancy conflict between those who want to work in an innovative way and those who would prefer study by the book. Teaching assistants, who should belong to the generation of digital natives, are only slightly more innovative than university teachers, who can be regarded as digital immigrants. Assuming that innovativeness can be upgraded by learning, means that efforts should be made by University Management to encourage and support Personal Innovativeness (and other creativities, as well) as a preferred teaching practice.

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Perspektive učenja i poučavanja na daljinu sa stajališta nastave tehničke kulture: Iskustva učitelja tijekom COVID-19 pandemije i perspektive za budućnost

Author(s): Damir Purković,Zvonimir Lapov Padovan,Dino Delač / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2021

Distance education can play an important role in the teaching process and in achieving learning outcomes, especially in the context of the exceptional circumstances caused by the crisis COVID -19. However, the specifics of technical education require the achievement of results of a practical nature, which is not easy to achieve with this approach. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine how and in what ways distance education and teaching are applicable in teaching technical culture, summarizing the experiences of teachers during the pandemic COVID -19. The research was conducted in the form of a semi-structured interview in which teachers presented their own experiences and views on the impact of such teaching on students. From the research findings, it can be concluded that such teaching can be used under 'normal' circumstances for developing students' digital literacy skills, developing literacy and communication skills in the ICT environment, encouraging introverted pupils, developing pupils' independence and as a qualitative supplement of direct teaching. Nevertheless, distance education cannot be an "equivalent alternative" to direct instruction because of the lack of systematic development of technical competencies and skills, the lack of social interaction (verbal, physical, emotional), the presence of "critical" groups of pupils, and the complexity of pupils’ development. Although it is necessary to further investigate the effects of such instruction on student achievement and the consequences for their development, it is clear that in this developmental age, learning and teaching at a distance cannot produce targeted student competencies.

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Cała edukacja w sieci

Author(s): Krzysztof Gurba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The article analyzes the potential of modern online learning and the expandingpossibilities of using Internet resources for independent or community online learning. Theperiod of intensive use of distance learning during the Covid -19 pandemic changed attitudestowards online learning, and revealed its advantages and disadvantages. However, developmentof online education is universal, not just occasional. It requires high-quality educationalcontent, quality control systems, and flexibility in the selection of individual learning pathways.Individualization of online learning process is now the major concern of content providers. Ourresearch confirms that when technological and organizational obstacles of delivering educationvia the Internet were removed, the human factor became a key component of the effectiveimplementation of online education. Nevertheless, the article draws attention to the existinglimitations of online education and the fact that traditional learning is irreplaceable

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COVID 19 Pandemi Döneminde Çevrimiçi Muhasebe Eğitiminin ZOGA Analizi

Author(s): Ahmet Ünsal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2021

In this study, SWOT analysis of distance accounting education with off-campus education, which is one of the formal education methods during the extraordinary pandemic caused by Covid19, was made. For this purpose, the findings of seven studies consisting of quantitative and qualitative research methods on accounting and finance course during the pandemic period; The online education infrastructure was examined in the course process, exam process and communication processes. Objective results obtained from here are SWOT components for analysis; SWOT analysis of distance accounting education was made by classifying them as difficulties, possibilities, strengths and incapacities. According to the results, in summary, although distance accounting education saves time, place and way and provides flexibility in education compared to face-to-face education, motivation in the teaching process is low, it prevents active learning, the ethical level is low in exams, it is biologically unhealthy, it creates inequality of opportunity and asocial weaknesses affect the quality of education. has negative effects.

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EVALUATION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION PROCESS IN SPORTS HIGHER EDUCATION

Author(s): Uğur Özer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In present conditions, where distance education applications in higher education have become widespread due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is seen in the research studies that the satisfaction levels of the lecturers and students are low. Although the developments in information technologies have reached advanced dimensions, the problems experienced in distance education systems have negatively affected the course functioning of the educators and the students' level of participation in the course. The issues experienced led the researchers to studies in which in-depth analysis of distance education applications was carried out. This study aims to evaluate the distance education applications in sports higher education. This research follows a case-study design, with a qualitative study model applied in terms of the techniques used to analyse the data obtained. The descriptive analysis method was taken as the basis of the study. As a qualitative research tool in the study, a semi-structured interview form was used by choosing the interview technique. The research study group consisted of fourteen academicians working in universities in Turkey, selected by criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed in the MAXQDA 20 qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the study, it was emphasized that distance education in sports sciences should be designed and implemented according to the targeted outputs of the field-specific courses and the students' accessibility to distance education.

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Designing Physics Hands-On Experiment for Distance Learning Using Arduino and Block-Based Programing Language

Author(s): Elisabeth Pratidhina,Dadan Rosana,Heru Kuswanto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Experiment activity is an essential part of physics learning because it engages students to interact with real physics phenomena and develop their scientific abilities. However, online physics learning still faces a challenge in providing experiment access to the student. In this paper, we propose an alternative experiment activity to explore Ohm's Law in physics class. The experiment incorporates Arduino and a block-based programming language called Common- Coding Builder (CCB). Arduino Uno is an affordable microcontroller that can be used to measure many physics quantities. Programming using CCB can be carried out by students who have never learned to program before. Hence, the combination of Arduino Uno and CCB offers engaging and affordable experiment activities in online learning.

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IMPROVING THE ERGONOMIC QUALITY OF AR-BASED E-LEARNING SYSTEMS: A TASK-BASED DESIGN APPROACH

Author(s): Costin Pribeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

Augmented reality (AR) is a challenging technology for e-learning. Nevertheless, the benefits of AR in terms of increased engagement and motivation could be undermined by a low ergonomic quality. A challenge for designers is to provide students with a usable AR environment that is able to support an effective and efficient achievement of their learning goals. A user-centred design approach requires understanding users and the tasks they perform. This analysis focuses on task modelling and presents a task-based approach to the development of a Chemistry application implemented on an AR teaching platform. The task model enables an analysis of critical task sequences, helps to prevent potential usability problem, and provides with a basis for a task-based approach to evaluation.

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE PLANTAR PRESSURE IN THE GIANT SLALOM TURN IN THE HIGH PERFORMANCE ALPINE SKIING

Author(s): Nicoleta Leonte,Iancu Răchita,Ofelia Popescu,Teodora Wesselly / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The specific bypass of the giant slalom in the high-performance alpine skiing is characterized by specific movements of pivoting the inner ski, by advancing the trunk forwards and by a sharp turn. As the speed increases, the centrifugal force is higher, and the skier will activate a control of the pressure of the external ski, giving him the possibility of steering the bypass. The plantar pressure exerted by the skier during the turns steering becomes extremely important, being a determining factor in improving the control over the edges. The purpose of the research is to identify the main mistakes during the turn and to make the preparation more efficient by identifying the ideal route. The constatative research is a descriptive case study that used a single subject, a member of the national group of alpine skiing. The research was conducted during the preparatory period (November, 2018), in Austria. The evaluation was carried out through the Pedar X analysis system, which adds to the kinematic analysis data regarding the distribution of pressures at the foot plant level, information that is particularly useful in assessing the dynamics of the movement. This evaluation system allowed us to observe, in real time, the distribution of the plantar pressures and the forces exerted by the athlete in the most difficult area of the route. The results obtained emphasized the need to improve the technical training, focusing on the equal distribution of plantar pressure on both feet near the gate.

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INTERACTIVE E-LEARNING APPLICATION FOR STUDYING AND EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCES OF REMOTE FILE SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHMS

Author(s): Radu Rădescu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

The present paper presents an e-learning application that studies the different ways of performing file compression and the performances obtained in synchronizing them in remote communications. Based on compression, one can estimate the differences between two files and calculate the minimum difference that must be transmitted over a network to synchronize different instances of the same file. The described application implements a client-server communication with network applications, in which a file is transmitted from server to client, the file being encoded to server and decoded to client. Using Delta compression techniques reduces bandwidth when transferring network files as well as their storage space. Delta compression allows for significant file size reduction, which helps increasing the download speed on a computer network. With the help of Delta compression, only the difference between two successive versions of the same file is performed during the upgrade process. The Rsync algorithm performs a unique approach for Delta compression, allowing the client to request changes to a file from the server without the need for the server to keep older versions of that file. Instead, the server dynamically calculates changes in an interactive protocol, which works in two steps. From the experimental results obtained in the paper, it is clearly observed that in order to obtain an optimal transfer time on a network it is advisable to use similar files, having the same source file. If the files used are too different, then full file transfer is more useful, because the Delta compression calculation time and file transfer time will be greater than the full file transfer time. The Rsync algorithm performs file synchronization between the two communication partners, assuming that any file change has occurred on both sides, in order to keep an updated list of changes permanently. The utility of the Rsync algorithm is very high for any communications network where the bandwidth costs must be kept to a minimum, and file transfer time is an important factor that is intended to be minimized.

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HYBRID VLC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR E-LEARNING BASED ON THE ARM CORTEX-A53 PROCESSOR

Author(s): George Suciu,Andrei Scheianu,Alexandru Drosu,Ioana Petre / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

VLC (Visible Light Communications) technology represents nowadays a new paradigm that could have a significant impact on future wireless communications. Although this technology has many advantages, one of the most common problem generated by the use of optical communication systems (based on the light in the visible spectrum), is the increased degree of disruption of the communication channel under the direct sunlight influence. The purpose of this article is to present the technological developments specific to the VLC/IR-RF (Visible Light Communication / Infrared - Radio-Frequency) hybrid system developed in the framework of a scientific research project started in 2017, which were recorded during the first half of 2019. This system based on multiple sensory devices such as temperature, motion, light intensity, dust, IR and microbolometer sensors will present the ability of intelligent monitoring and control of indoor environments (houses, office buildings, universities, campuses, etc.). From the point of view of the final purpose of the project, this will result in a hybrid bidirectional optical communication system capable of supporting high transfer rates, increased resistance to the specific sunlight disturbance, and the possibility of transmitting sensory information over long distances. The previous experimentation activities undertaken during the project were based on the use of the Arduino UNO development boards. Currently, it has been chosen to replace them with the development boards based on the ARM Cortex-A53 processor, in order to improve the system's performance. The Arduino development boards have limited the performance of the communications system from the point of view of the transfer speeds and distances. The new Raspberry Pi development boards, being a complete operating and control system, presents high operational performances that can be used in favor of the final goal of the project.

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AI-BASED ELEARNING FOR TRAINING PROJECT MANAGERS TO NAVIGATE IN VUCA ENVIRONMENTS

Author(s): Constanţa-Nicoleta Bodea,Radu Ioan MOGOŞ,Maximilian Müller,Maria-Iuliana Dascălu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

Training project managers for navigating their projects in VUCA environments is considered as being extremely challenging. For fulfilling a such objective, the technology-enhanced learning should consider applying diverse and AI-based methods and tools. The paper presents the potential of AI in e-learning for the successfully development of a new mindset as required for managing projects in contexts with high volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. The paper presents the analysis of the efficacy of different AI-based learning and teaching methods for developing the competences associated with the project managers’ mindset, as requested for acting in VUCA environments. The main AI methods and tools which are considered for e-learning are: semantic web, ontologies, machine learning algorithms, AI-based simulations deep-learning. The impact of methods in e-learning is analyzed by considering the relevant competences associated with the mindset growth, as needed for managing projects in VUCA environments. The specific competences which are considered by the authors of the paper are aligned with the OECD Key Competencies, in relation to the creation of new value, the reconciliation of tensions and dilemmas and assuming responsibility. Personal qualities, such as curiosity, resourcefulness, resilience, integrity, engagement, and self-reflection are critical for the mindset growth. The competence model considered by authors is the IPMA ICB (Individual Competence Baseline), version 4.0. Based on this model, the competences are structured into three area: perspective, People and Practice. The authors will consider mainly the competences included in People area.

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METHODS TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF ACCESS TO THE E-LEARNING PLATFORM USING HTTP/2

Author(s): Elena MATVIENKO,Andrey Martynov,Andrey A. Ponomarev,Matvei KIRPICHENKO / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

The basis of requesting resources from a remote server for all browsers is protocol HTTP/1(HyperText Transfer Protocol) since 1992. It has a great number of shortcomings, most of which were fixed with the release of a new version of this protocol - HTTP/2. Its main distinguishing feature is implementation based on the technologies and algorithms of the SPDY protocol. In HTTP/2 were implemented following technologies: data compression of HTTP headers, HTTP/2 Server Push, pipelining of requests, fixing the head-of-line blocking problem in HTTP/1.x, multiplexing multiple requests over a single TCP connection. It also became possible to send data that has not yet been requested by the user, but with a high probability will be called soon. All this mechanisms reduce page loading delays and increase the reliability of the current connection. This article discusses two technologies of the HTTP/2 protocol, which, presumably, will have the greatest impact on the speed of access to resources during the implementation of high-speed environment for accessing the university's e-learning platform. The main goal of this work is analyzing various mechanisms of server requests to provide users the possibility of high-speed access to the university's e-learning platform. To achieve this goal, we investigated the possible ways to access the training platform, and analyzed the influence of multiplexing and prioritization on page loading speed. Upon the research, methods of forming flows using the HTTP/2 protocol were considered. It also were analyzed the benefits of multiplexing several requests in a single TCP connection over the HTTP/1 protocol, in which only multiple TCP connections could be used. The prioritization methods employed by the most popular browsers were investigated. In addition, the case of using default settings for browsers that do not support prioritization was considered. The study and analysis shows that multiplexing and prioritization of requests really accelerate page loading, but the loading order is not always optimal. To accomplish this, it is preferred to use more complex priority schemes that are difficult to implement on the browser or server side.

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LIFELONG LEARNING THROUGH E-LEARNING OF THE PERSONNEL FROM SECURITY AND DEFENCE INSTITUTIONS

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

Continuous training of personnel from security and defense institutions through e-learning is an effective alternative for continuous training of employees in order to adapt to the demands of the changes inherent in the global society in which we live. The opportunity to participate in lifelong learning through e-learning brings some benefits for both the employer and the employee in the field of security and defense. In the case of the employer we can say that it allocates small amounts, completely eliminating the need to travel to a specific location for the course and to incur expenses for the accommodation and the employee's meal; the possibility of participating as many employees at the same time as it is not required the complete absence from the daily activity; the opportunity to enroll employees to as many such courses in different fields thus ensuring interdisciplinarity. From the employee's perspective, the advantage is that he does not have to stay away from the family during the training period through e-learning; can benefit from the expertise of well-known experts in certain areas for which travel is not allowed because of the busy schedule. Like any alternative of lifelong learning also e-learning it has its own disadvantages or better said limits, among which we mention: limiting the human interaction of the employees, otherwise said eliminates the classical socialization during the break of a classic course. E-learning as an efficient strategy of lifelong learning continues to gain more and more ground, demonstrating that it has real benefits for society and for making time for all the actors involved in the training process: trainer, employee, and employer.

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USING MOODLE AS A TRAINING PLATFORM FOR CULTURAL MEDIATORS

Author(s): Dragos Daniel Iordache,Alin Zamfiroiu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

In the last years, the evolution of e-learning platforms offers complex opportunities for teaching and training in the most diverse contexts and sectors of activity. The main goal of the project “Cultural Mediators for the Postal Sector” (CULMED) is to facilitate the third country nationals’ integration into the host societies, through the post professionals and to involve the post organizations in the integration process. This process needs for qualified personnel in the postal sector. Staff training can be done through traditional means, but e-learning platforms are a much more efficient way. Among the most commonly used e-learning platforms, MOODLE has proven its usefulness over time in various training contexts. The purpose of this study is to present the implementation of a training course, using the MOODLE (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) e-learning platform and the process to design a mobile application to be used with the MOODLE e-learning platform. At this time, trainees demand for personalized education is increasing due to competitiveness because the tests generate feedback, allowing to the trainees to see how they behave compared to their peers, stimulating the need for self-realization. In this paper we carry out an analysis of the existing Learning Management Systems – LMS to presents the advantage and disadvantages for each solution. Our elearning platform and mobile application are developed based on the experience with these applications. For the E-Learning platform we are using MOODLE and for the mobile application we will develop a native Android application based on the specification from this analysis

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PARTICULARITIES OF TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS

Author(s): Letitia Trif / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

The contemporary society being an educational society, points out a number of aspects that require the elaboration of the educational policy directions and the reconfiguration of the educational paradigms, at the macro and micro level, starting from elements such as: the high degree of abstraction of some knowledge products; restructuring of the values system promoted by the society; accelerating the dynamics, the pace of changes; scientific, technical, cultura etc., general; the mobility of social life, the need to change tasks, roles and statuses, professions; the evolution of the labor market. Thus, contemporary education systems underline the role of "the teacher who is a facilitator of learning, a student among students, a person who sees learning through the eyes of students." (John Hattie, 2014) In this context, we propose an analysis of identifying the particularities of teacher-student interaction from the perspective of learning environments.

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RECENT COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENTS: TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Alexandra Stefania Moloiu,Grigore Albeanu,Florin Popentiu -Vladicescu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

Computational Intelligence (CI) is a dynamic field of research, covering a large range of processing methods and providing value to many real-life applications. From fuzzy reasoning, through evolutionary computation to machine learning (ML), important CI paradigms proved value in science and technology. However, learning from data through examples, as a ML way of thinking, is the main characteristic of the new smart systems. Old systems used pre-programmed rules to help a decisional process mainly human centred. Machine learning is developed taking into account methods from computer science, statistics, and data science. Learning from data is possible by processes of supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, transduction, and learning to learn (inductive). Mainly, mathematical support is based on optimization techniques for neural network training. Matlab, Python, and various frameworks belong to technological support for implementation and testing. This paper gives a broad view on recent computational intelligence algorithms and presents some appropriate case studies covering character recognition, electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis for individual identification, and robust face recognition. Deep learning approach is used for robust face recognition. Experiments with some multilayer neural network architectures are presented. The performance of such identification systems depends not only on the method used for feature extraction but also on the type of matching algorithm, and the interval of time allocated for training.

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