The End of Truth. Five Essays on The Demise of Neoliberalism

Author(s): Bülent Somay / Language(s): English

What seems to be happening throughout the last decade is the gradual invalidation and dissolution of what we used to call ‘Truth’, and hence the disruption and gradual dissolution of what Foucault had called the existing hierarchical “Regime of Truth”. What remains is not what Marx had hoped to be a more egalitarian regime in which “the educator{s themselves are also] educated”, but rather a ‘Humpty Dumpty Regime’, where ‘Truth’ is whatever the Humpty-Dumpty in power wants it to be. This book argues that this is an unmediated outcome of the profound social, cultural and economic crisis of neoliberal capitalism, and its political corollary, the meteoric rise of populism and authoritarianism, not only in the so-called ‘developing’ countries, but throughout the entire globe.

Caring for Life before Birth. Pre-Natal Rites of Passage in Hindu Tradition

Author(s): Hilda-Hedvig Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Man is often told that life begins with birth. Hindu tradition is one of those examples that highlight the fact that life begins much earlier, with early stages of pregnancy. We shall not adopt a position from a medical or ethical point of view, but will emphasize this claim judging by the care and effort put into the well-being and good health of foetus and expectant mother by members of this religious tradition from ancient times. Archaic Hindu society was very strongly under the spell of the supernatural and magical, which surfaces in many sacred texts. It is interesting to notice and understand how the supernatural, religious and social intertwine and bring order into the lives of its people.The present paper focuses on pre-natal rites of passage as having an ordering quality in man’s life, mentioning key examples from sacred texts related to cultural and religious details that are the backbone of Hindu tradition. It is a shy attempt to bring to light features in the thought process of the ancient Hindu society in order to better relate and comprehend the treasures of its rich past.

Virtual Reality from the Standpoint of Complexity Science

Author(s): Helena Knyazeva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

An extended approach to the comprehension of virtual reality is developed in the article. Virtual reality is understood not only as a logically possible or cybernetically constructed reality but also as continuous turbulence of potencies of the complex natural and social world we live in, the wandering of complex systems and organizations over a field of possibilities, such a realization of forms and structures in which many formations remain in latent, potential forms, and are in the permanent process of making and multiplying a spectrum of possibilities, lead to the growth of the evolutionary tree of paths of development. It is shown that such an understanding of virtual reality corresponds to concepts and notions developed in the modern science of complexity. The most significant concepts are considered, such as the nonlinearity of time, the relationship of space and time, the uncertainty of the past and the openness of the future, the choice and construction of the future at the moments of passing the bifurcation points. Some cultural and historical prototypes of these modern ideas of virtual reality are given. It is substantiated that the vision of virtual reality being developed today can play the role of a heuristic tool for understanding the functioning and stimulation of human creativity.

The Actuality of Aristotelian Virtues

Author(s): Carmen Rodica Dobre / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Aristotle defined the ethical and intellectual virtues which are recognized as fundamental even today. Contemporary virtue ethics still takes into account Aristotelian virtues. The modern moral philosophers have tried to find new ethical values in a society in which religions are in decline and the old values lost their meaning. The starting point of their research has been Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics” which has remained the most important work in ethics influencing the philosophical thinking until nowadays. This paper seeks to explain the actual importance of the cardinal Aristotelian virtues and how they are seen today.

The Corporal-oriented approach to Education: a Turn towards the Whole Person

Author(s): Svitlana Hanaba / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Recent anthropological studies consider the corporal experience as an indispensable attribute of a person’s life world. They declare to go beyond the dichotomy of body and mind and present a modern person as a complex integrity of all systems and characteristics of a living organism. Body and mind are a union of vitality with different forms of their manifestation. The corporal is not regarded as an essential complement to the mental, the corporal is the mental, just in a different form of its manifestation. The implementation of a methodological turn from a rational-cognitive approach to a holistic understanding of human nature and the peculiarities of cognitive processes outlines the problem of education transformation in both theoretical and practical terms. Taking into account the complexity and multiplicity of tasks in solving this problem, the guideline in defining conceptual ideas is the understanding of a person as a multi-temporal being who lives simultaneously in multiple hierarchical levels, ontological time and the scale of processes. It is a question of necessity to construct educational activity in semantic planes: mind-body-culture, mind-body-activity, body-consciousness-reaction and others.

Jak wyjaśnić obraz?

Author(s): Stanisław Czekalski / Language(s): Polish

The book provides a synthesis of the methodological issues in art history as a discipline that in the 20th century chose the methodical and objective explanation of images as one of its main tasks. Since the time when W. Dilthey's methodology distinguished the humanities, the most eminent art historians have sought to strengthen its position among these sciences by relying on the rigors of scientific objectivity and empiricism, accuracy and correctness, verifiability and cognitive certainty, in line with the natural science model. Can and if so how can an interpretation come closer to the explanatory model, and how can it fulfill the role of a historical explanation of the works of painting? How should it be based on the solid ground of facts and the logic of inferences? What research methodologies can ensure the correctness of explanations, verifiability and the accuracy of the results? Such methodological issues were connected with the reflections of a number of scholars. Among whom E. Gombrich played a special role, first as a spokesman for the turn in iconology towards Popper’s deductionism, and then as an inspiration and point of reference for the next generation of academics, some of whom followed the rigors of normative methodology, while others looked for alternatives or developed a narrative methodology. The book presents significant relationships linking methodologically oriented art history not only with various concepts of general methodology and the philosophy of science, but also with another important source of inspiration, namely the models of inference used by detectives in crime novels.

За "Славянска философия" на д-р Петър Берон

Author(s): Anani Stoynev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The work is centered around the views of Dr. Petar Beron – an "emblematic" person for the so called "Bulgarian Revival". He is the first Bulgarian encyclopedist and author of the first Bulgarian textbook for modern, secular education. Beron spent most of his life in Heidelberg, Munich, Paris, Berlin, London, Athens and Vienna. The text analyses his original system for explaining the world, set out in his greatest work, published in 8 volumes under the general title "Panepistemia". In this case, the object of analysis are the philosophical views of Beron, presented in the work "Slavic Philosophy", published in 1855 in German in Prague. His name is an emblem and a metaphor of the national culture and Bulgarian identity of this period.

Metafizyka dla neurotyka. Czym jest i czym mógłby być coaching filozoficzny?

Author(s): Marcin Fabjański / Language(s): Polish

Seria: Studia Philosophica Silesiensia (3), ISSN 2720-1120 The book deals with the assumptions, practices and challenges facing the new field of practice called “philosophical coaching”. The author proposes a definition of philosophical coaching as ethically and metaphysically engaged coaching, which distinguishes it from all other varieties of coaching, as well as from most psychotherapy approaches, as it is not afraid of metaphysical inquiries and is also ethically committed. From living philosophy, such as was cultivated in Greek and Roman antiquity, and — at the same time — in India and China, it inherited the courage to ask fundamental questions about the meaning of life, human finitude, our place in the cosmos, and the source of good life.

Studenti učitelství mezi tacitními a explicitními znalostmi

Author(s): Petr Svojanovský,Jan Nehyba,Vlastimil Švec,James Lawley,Eva Minaříková,Blanka Pravdová,Jan Slavík,Radim Šíp,Barbora Šimůnková / Language(s): Czech

The book focuses on pre-service teachers’ tacit knowledge in the second stage of their studies (Master’s study programme). It deals with the theoretical background and highlights the need for a radical turn in the methodology when we want to explore this concept. Drawing on this, a qualitative method of data collection which was used in the presented research, so called clean language, is described in detail. The empirical part of the book presents studies concerning topics connected to pre-service teachers’ tacit knowledge – unexpected situations, student teachers’ beliefs or explicit and tacit knowledge sharing.

SEZNAM ZKRATEK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

SEZNAM TABULEK A OBRÁZKŮ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

JMENNÝ REJSTŘÍK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Mýty – omyly – nepravdy: O „chibách“ ve vzdělávání a pedagogice

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

The book is the translation from Mythen – Irrtümer – Unwahrheiten: Essays über das „Valsche“ in der Pädagogik edited by H. U. Grunder (Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017). It includes seven essays written by authors from Germany and Switzerland. They strive for profound understanding of issues as upbringing, education, school, teachers, students, teaching and learning.

NENÍ ZAPOTŘEBÍ VŠECHNO VĚDĚT, STAČÍ KDYŽ VÍTE, KDE TO NAJDETE

Author(s): Karl-Heinz Dammer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Není zapotřebí všechno vědět, stačí když víte, kde to najdete – to je oblíbená fráze z horkovzdušné trouby současného vzdělávacího diskursu. Často se objevuje zároveň s pojmem společnost vědění, který implicitně odůvodňuje užití této fráze. Ve společnosti vědění se údajně stav vědění a poznatků každých pět let zdvojnásobí (někdy i každé tři roky), a proto je zbytečné zatěžovat mozek: stačí vědět, kde si můžeme vědomosti opatřit.

Od fikce k realitě

Author(s): Jana Stará / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Prvouka je předmět tradičně komplikovaný z hlediska pojetí obsahu a formy předmětů výuky, zvláště proto, že zprostředkovává obsahy přírodovědné i sociálně-humanitní, a to z mnoha společenskovědních a přírodovědných disciplín.

Edukacja filozoficzna w Indiach wczesnego okresu upaniszadowego

Author(s): Michał Nowicki / Language(s): Polish

This publication is the first Polish-language presentation of the history of philosophical education in ancient India. The titular issue deserves special attention, as it goes back to the well-documented sources of this phenomenon and the beginnings of Hindu philosophical thought, revealing the roots of yoga, which today enjoy such popularity. Although the book is scientific in its nature, it is addressed to a broad audience interested in Indian culture. It shows how the phenomenon of philosophical education came into being and became deeply rooted in the original initiation structures. It discusses issues related to: (1) the proper goal of education, focusing on the issues of human suffering, liberation from it, obstacles that stand in the way of achieving this goal, and finally, human cognitive potential; (2) selection of the subjects for education, including the issues of mythical origins, the issues of cognition, atman and brahman, states of consciousness and the issue of identity or the law of karma; (3) methods of educational work, taking into account the issues of initiation and the issue of direct experience of a mystical nature, the role of words in the teaching process or the beginnings of the yoga tradition. What emerges from the narrative is the rich world of philosophical explorations, full of enthusiasm and affirmation of life and faith in the possibility of achieving unconditional happiness - a world that respects tradition and boldly seeks new ways to fulfill its potential in the best possible way.

Câteva proprietăți fundamentale ale muzeului, indispensabile în context contemporan

Author(s): Liviu Răzvan Pripon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

What is the strength of the museum? The answer can be summarized briefly by listing two strong and distinctive points that define this institution in its essence. The museum is a device that generates time and, on the other hand, operates with the authentic object, giving the possibility of a direct interaction with the reality of visitors. Even in case of considerable intervention by contextualization of the museum object, the visitor has the possibility to establish a direct, present and sufficiently intimate connection with at least a fraction belonging to the object itself, which intervenes in the knowledge of the truth. In contrast stand replicas or copies of objects with which we are continuously bombarded in a time of constant processing and manipulation of reality through computers and their software. In this paper I argue for the two fundamental features of the museum and I try to prove that they have an indispensable role from a cultural point of view, which cannot be replaced by other media, considered by some, competitors.

Ценности и личност: етапи на развитие в контекста на една процесуална аксиология

Author(s): Sylvia Borissova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

Taking as a starting point the problematization of the debate on values and the understanding of the stages of personality development over the past two centuries, the article aims to dynamize the findings in the context of the formation of values and the integration of personality, by proposing a process-axiological grid for the analysis of values and their role in personality development.

Старозаветни и Новозаветни ценности – практическа реализация в съвременната ситуация. Урок по философия за IX клас

Author(s): Milena Coloma,Ognyan Uzunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

This text outlines an interactive philosophy teaching model conducted among 9th-grade students of 51th Secondary School “Elisaveta Bagryana” – Sofia. The teaching is based on a topic set in the curriculum and concerns the exploration of values in the Old and New Testaments. The model examines the values of Old Testament justice and Christian love in the context of their relationship to society and the individual. It emphasizes the practical nature of both types of values and derives their relevance to specific life situations. The teaching aims to develop the skills of analysis, synthesis, argumentation, discussion, conclusion-drawing, and generalization. The stages of learning follow the sequence: from knowledge of biblical values to skills for defining them in practice, focusing on their competent application in life. The model demonstrates an approach to make learning more challenging and encourage critical thinking in an enjoyable manner. It cultivates a value model rooted in understanding and respecting differences.