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In this paper, we demonstrate the complexity and interrelationships of the elements pertaining to anisotropic regions and the existing development opportunities, focusing on a representative region of Romania,the Somesul Mare anisotropic region.
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Valea lui Stan (Brezoi) and Costeşti (Horezu) are both shear-zone related gold mineralizations within the metamorphic rocks in South Carpathians. They are similar in respect to the mineral associations and structural setting, but are different in respect to the geochemical parageneses and the related protores. In both occurrences the gold is present as inclusions in different sulphides (arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite) and quartz. Gold occurs in these minerals at different size scales. Rarely found at macroscopic scale, gold is usually present at microscopic and submicroscopic scale, as micro-, infra- and nano-inclusions. In the two mineralizations, gold is represented by a silver-rich alloy, and having subordinate amounts of Cu, Bi, Ni and Mn. At Valea lui Stan the natural alloy is usually richer in Au than at Costeşti. Some compositional differences have been observed between the gold composition in respect to the host minerals. When gold is included in arsenopyrite (in both occurrences) the Ag content is higher than the case in which is included in chalcopyrite (Valea lui Stan) or pyrrhotite (Costeşti).
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Ankara’da yayın faaliyetlerini sürdüren Fecr Yayınları alışılagelmiş yayın politikasınınbiraz dışına çıkarak alanında başarılı ve özgün bir kitap yayının- da bulunmuştur. Araştırmacı yazar Doç. Dr. Enver ARPA tarafından kaleme alınan ve “Afrika Seyahatnamesi” ismiyle yayımlanan bu çalışma, kuşe kâğıda basılmış,harita ve resimlerle desteklenmiş oldukça güzel bir mizanpajla okuyucuya sunulmuştur. 2015 yılında yayımlanan bu eser alanında kaleme alınmış ilk eser olup önemli bir boşluğu doldurmuştur. Oldukça akıcı bir dille adeta roman kıvamında kaleme alınan bu seyahatname, okuyucuyu cezbederek peşinden sürüklemekte ve gizemli dünyalara doğru keyifli bir yolculuğa çıkarmaktadır. Gerek teknik açıdan ve gerekse içerik açısından göz alıcı bir kıvamda olan 416 sayfalık orta boy bu eser, Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği tarafından 2015 yılında, gezi dalında yılın kitabı ödülüne layık görülmüştür.
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The aim of this article is to determine the share of frost processes in the annual balance of river bank erosion. Rates of erosional retreat of river banks in Podhale (boundary zone between the Central and Outer Carpathians) were measured for the hydrological year 2013–2014. Bank erosion during the winter half year was caused mainly by frost phenomena (ground ice and needle ice) and during the summer half year – by fluvial processes and mass movements (undercutting, slumping). The share of erosion by fluvial processes in the yearly progress of bank retreat (this amounted to 71 cm on average) was four times greater than by frost processes, including mass movements. The effects of erosion by frost processes were greatest in the upper parts of banks, built mostly of fine-grained alluvia, while the lower parts, built largely of gravel, were mostly eroded by fluvial processes.
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The present-day channel patterns of Carpathian rivers are a result of intensified human activity, which mainly involved narrowing of channels and setting regulatory routes. The processes of erosion and redeposition, that intensify with high water levels, often lead to the creation of certain sections in the river channel, which divert from the single channel pattern arrangement stabilized by man. The aim of this work is to establish the scale, source and direction of transformations of the lower Skawa river channel in the period betweenthe 19th and the 21st century. With the establishment of the factors involved in the transformation of a braided channel existing in the 19th century into a single channel in the 20th century, we are able to identify the determinants in the segmental renaturalisation of the currently existing river channel. Our analysis was based on cartographic materials, which allowed for the comparison of the river channel in the 19th and the 20th century. The basic source with regardto the former period was the second military mapping survey of Austria-Hungary createdin the years 1806–1896. As a representation of the current channel state we used a Google Satellite photo from 2012. The results of measurements preformed on the cartographic materials were used as input data in the process of classification of the channel pattern and mid-channel formations. The Skawa river channel was classified using the method developed by Brice (1975). The analysis led to a conclusion that the change of the Skawa river channel pattern was a result of its adjustment. The present-day river channel develops braided channel segments in places where the regulatory route has been damaged.
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The objective of the study was the long-term and annual variability of atmospheric circulation indices over the Lublin region in the years 1951–2010. The zonal, meridional and cyclonicity indices were calculated based on the calendar of circulation types over East-Central Poland. Furthermore, the relationships between atmospheric circulation and thermal as well as precipitation conditions in the Lublin region were examined. In winter season, the strongest zonal circulation was noticed in the period from the second half of the 1980s to the end of the 20th century. In the last two decades of the analyzed period, a higher frequency of southern circulation in summer was observed. The characteristic features of atmospheric circulation in the study area include the prevalence of westerly circulation in autumn and winter, and easterly air flow in spring. The zonal circulation had an important role for monthly air temperature both in winter and in summer, whereas meridional air flow in spring and autumn. Compared to the air flow direction, the character of atmospheric circulation, expressed by anticyclonic and cyclonic circulation, had a weak influence on monthly air temperatures. The cyclonicity index most accurately reflects the variability of monthly precipitation totals in the Lublin region
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There are many classifications of atmospheric circulation types. In Poland, the most important one, used in climatological studies, is the classification of circulation types developed by Lityński. This study aims to compare the results of two variations of this classification: the “old” one – based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and on the original limits of the classes (of indicators Ws, Wp and Cp) proposed by the author of the original classification and the “new” one – which also calculates the limits of the classes on the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis material, but with increasingly longer periods each year. In the period 1971–2015 more than 21% of the results of the “new” classification were different from the “old” one. The differences in the frequency of each class (in relation to individual circulation indicators) in the “old” classification were much higher than in the “new” one. Consequently, the use of “new” limits of the classes causes that in the circulation types catalog the division of the distribution of the Ws, Wp and Cp indicators into three classes is more similar to the one of equal-probability. In the second part of the paper, a modification of the “new” classification isproposed. The “new modified” classification, takes into account only the 30 last years while calculating the limits of the classes. Shortening the period based on which the limits of the classes are calculated one can capture long-term variations in the values of individual circulation indicators, and thus the division of their distributions into three classes is even closer to the equal-probability one.
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The work is a description of onerousness of bio-thermal conditions occurring at midday during days of tmax≥30°C in three towns located in north-western Poland: Kolobrzeg, Chojnice and Poznan, for people undertaking physical activity of varying intensity. Based on the meteorological data for 12 a.m. UTC from the period 1981–2016 average values of biometeorological (HIS, STI) and thermophysiologial (HR, Oh_H, SW, DhRna) indices, as well as their extreme values and amplitudes were calculated. The frequency of conditions burdening human body, when undertaking exercise outdoors, was also determined. The analyses showed that in the midday hours an increased physical activity leads to an increase in intense thermal sensations and a significant burdening of the human body with heat stress. A potential risk of overheating, that could occur within an hour of intense effort, was noted. A serious risk of dehydration of the body, even at moderate activity, was also indicated. Particularly burdening conditions, with high sultriness and a possibility of hyperthermia were observed in Kolobrzeg.
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Knowledge about water flow and contaminant transport in the unsaturated zone is crucial for groundwater resource estimations and groundwater vulnerability assessments. Large field lysimeters are commonly used as physical models of the unsaturated zone. Tracer experiments conducted in lysimeters are generally applied to investigate the time scale of leaching processes in the unsaturated zone. In this paper the preliminary results of using penetrometer-based electrical resistivity profiling to follow tracer transport through the soil in a lysimeter. The measurements were made in two lysimeters (Liz A and Liz I) filled with the same sandy soil. A tracer solution was injected only into lysimeter A. The measurements in lysimeter I were treated as a benchmark reflecting the influence of temporal soil moisture variations on the soil electrical resistivity. Additionally, temperature profiling in the soil next to lysimeter column was conduceted to consider the impact of the temperature fluctuations on soil resistivity. The obtained soil resistivity profiles for lysimeter A clearly reflect the tracer breakthrough curves in the 7th and 22nd day after injection. The analysis of the curves yielded the approximated velocity of tracer transport.
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In Western Africa, Islam made its way towards the mid-11th century, through the Arabian merchants who crossed Sahara, and with their merchandise they brought a new religion as well.Over a period of several centuries, the voluntary mixture of local traditions with the Muslim practices takes place in this area, as the ordinary people accept this new religion with more ease.
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Gediz delta is one of the biggest coastal plain of Western Anatolia. The establishment and life of the ancient city of Panaztepe in Delta is closely related to the stages of delta development. In the Holocene, the sea and shoreline changes have controlled the development of the Gediz delta where Panaztepe is located. In order to be able to explain these developments and to reveal the paleogeographical features, a total of 15 drills were carried out in delta lava between 1990-2002 and 3 in this study in the summer of 2017. In particular, our recent studies have focused on the determination of the paleogeography-geoarchaeological features of Panaztepe ancient city and its surroundings. The question of whether Panaztepe is an island settlement and whether there is actually a harbor in front of the remains of the Harbor City has become important. Important paleogeographical data has been reached in this study which is made for the answer of them, giving hope to find Panaztepe's ancient harbor.
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