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This long overview discusses the current situation at the external borders of the European Union (Greece and Italy) and discusses efforts the bloc is making to safeguard its borders.
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List of available plans of Drohobycz with a detailed description of particular versions and editions.
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The following paper presents the characteristics of historical properties and their impact on supply, demand and development of the historical property market. The study concerned historical properties, located in the Warmia and Mazury region and,at the local level, in the city of Olsztyn. The study covered sites listed in the registry of historical monuments of Warmia and Mazury, the Voivodship's records of historical sites and the author's own research of documentation regarding the conservation of sites situated in the city of Olsztyn.
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Branch Railway Stations within the Polish State Railways company arose following implementation of the Act on commercialisation, restructuring and privatization of the "Polish State Railways" state enterprise. The process of creation was initiated in 2000 and continues to the present. The huge impact on the present character of the company were changes that were introduced in 2010. After that year, a process began whose effect was to increase the real estate railway stations managed by the department from 83 to more than 900. The increase in resources was not merely quantitative but also qualitative. The article presents the results of studies describing the state and the current structure of the Railway Stations Railway Company S.A.
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Sustainable and environmentally-friendly tourism can provide stable foundations for the development of rural areas with poor transportation links, poorly-developed tourist infrastructure, insufficient marketing and promotion and no integrated tourist products. Forms of land use associated with the natural values of the tourist space and of those creating potential for development of tourist infrastructure account for approx. 40% of the area of the Kozłowo commune. There are few forests in the rural areas of the commune and it has no outstanding tourist value, but the vicinity of other attractive areas of Warmia and Mazury, as well as the presence of Lakes Kownatka and Szkotowskie can help it to develop its own tourist infrastructure. The development of tourism in the commune requires adopting relevant planning assumptions and a sustainable development programme, taking into account the close association of rural area development with the natural environment. In effect, such actions should contribute to social development and its stimulation in the rural ares of the commune.
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This paper presents an evaluation of landscape transformation resulting from tourist-recreational functional development, as based on an analysis of literature and own observations. The existing spatial assets have a direct influence on tourist development. The universal components are the accommodation and gastronomy (food and shelter) available in the area and transportation. The coastal regions have beaches, ferry and cruise ship infrastructure and marinas. Heritage, adventure and rural tourism, if developed in a balanced way, allow for the preservation of landscape assets. The most valuable, from an ecological and social point of view, are actions leading to the re-cultivation and revitalization of the tourism and recreation development of degraded areas.
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The economic growth, its quality and other characteristics depend not only one conomical capacity of the country, but also on the clearly formulated economical development tasks and expected results. The aim of the research was to convey and compare the tasks and expected results of the process of rural areas development in Lithuania and Poland, in accordance with the rural areas development conceptions and historical context of the development of European Union, as well as Lithuanian and Polish legislation. Most of the discussions are in the form of a scientific debate. The main directions of the agriculture and rural development in Lithuania and Poland are presented as the results of the research.
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This paper identifies the factors which determine the direction and dynamics of changes in the peri-urban areas with a similar demographic potential (Wrocław, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań). An assessment of the level of transformation of individual groups of conditions was made. This, in turn, made it possible to present an image of synthetic transformations and identify trends taking place in multi-functional development.
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This paper discusses the issue of spatial conditions which affect crisis management. The typology of events which pose threats has been analysed, as have been the main data, which are necessary to evaluate and assess such threats. The analysis results have been applied in the form of a map of threats to transport routes, where there is a risk of snow being blown onto the roads. It takes into account the spatial conditions prevalent in the area, which favour the specific situation. The map has been developed with the use of available sources of information, such as Geoportal, the system of spatial information on forests and AutoCad software.
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The wintertime in Poland lasts for a long period of time so there is a significant need to keep planting evergreens. One of the most important groups among the plants growing in cities are coniferous and deciduous evergreen shrubs. Deciduous evergreen shrubs keep their leaves all-year-long, therefore they are a fixed element in parks and gardens. It is also important that some of them make decorative flowers and fruit. Unfortunately, they are demanding plants. There are only a few species that grow well in the Polish climate and tolerate severe winter frost. This includes, in particular, the colder areas of eastern Poland. For this reason, in the green areas of the cities it is optimal to plant trees and shrubs that are best-tailored to real natural conditions. It will allow them to grow healthily and look their best for years to come. The research on deciduous evergreen shrubs conducted in Lublin, which involved an analysis of the composition of the species, their status and condition revealed that in addition to the plants recommended in the selection of species in green areas of Lublin, it is possible to plant at least 5 other species. This indicates the possibility of extending the list of deciduous evergreen shrub species for the green areas of Lublin.
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An attempt was made to systemize the possible conditions of land management. The paper presents theoretical considerations regarding space division in view of its transformation, taking the original condition as a reference point, followed by the identification of the current state of the analyzed space. Based on technical specifications and planning documentation, a theoretical scheme for spatial transformations in time was proposed. The determination of the present and future conditions of space provides a basis for rational and sustainable land use planning, management and development. It also helps to prevent land devastation and degradation as well as permits a long-term and large-scale improvement in the value of space.
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The study characterises the changes in natural changes and the structure of population in rural and town-rural communes of Lower-Silesia Voivodship in the years 1988, 1996 and 2002. The analyses of the selected demographic processes taking place in the rural areas of the voivodship were divided into the following thematic groups: population growth, number of females per 100 males and age groups within the voivodship. Moreover, the study analyses the differences in the rate of population growth within the years in which the analysis was conducted. The results of the study will make it possible to select the communes with favourable, average and unfavourable demographic changes within the analysed features and to present them in a form of cartograms.
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The subject of analyzes is the form of functioning, the relevance of the transformation and possibilities of the development of villages that neighbour on state border localized in the municipality of Ladek Zdroj, district Klodzko, province Dolny Slask. The scope of the subject includes three aspects. First one is the description of the current status quo, second one . the estimation of present form of the functioning of the unit and third one sketchy depiction of possible trends and forms of development. It was assumed that future form of the unit should keep following features: a) qualifying object as .stricte. village; b) of the regional cultural environment that document local specific of the region. Obtained effects point at variety of the phases of transformation of current structures. The systems were identified where the meaning of characteristics disappeared where the relevance of features is by now minimal, symbolical and third one . where transient forms exist. For every situation certain proposals of depiction of development are determined.
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An attempt was made to systemize the possible conditions of land management. The paper presents theoretical considerations regarding space division in view of its transformation, taking the original condition as a reference point, followed by the identification of the current state of the analyzed space. Based on technical specifications and planning documentation, a theoretical scheme for spatial transformations in time was proposed. The determination of the present and future conditions of space provides a basis for rational and sustainable land use planning, management and development. It also helps to prevent land devastation and degradation as well as permits a long-term and large-scale improvement in the value of space.
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Proper location of point objects in space of particular scenery qualities and historical values is a criterion of professionalism of appropriate architecture, conservatory and planning bodies. In case of selection a place for monumental horse monument to Jan Zamojski in front of the Zamojski palace in Zamość no basic historical and landscape studies were carried-out. The present work presents a possible broad scope of research which should have been accomplished to obtain optimal location of the sculpture keeping in mind the future revitalization of the palace and its surroundings.
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Legal regulations of purchasing land properties by foreigners in Poland were dubious. The aim of study is to present scale of land properties purchasing, as well agricultural and forestry properties by foreigner in Poland in period 1999.2005. In 2004 there was increase of transactions number where wasn.t necessity for permission (1341). It was first time when it was higher than number of transaction with necessity for permission (1117). This tendency was also in 2005. The most properties belong to German, Dutch, French and Italian capital, focusing in mazowieckie region (3,33 thousand ha). Agricultural and forestry properties mostly were purchasing with necessity for permission in analyzing period (total 1193,62 ha). Agricultural and forestry properties belonging to foreigners and purchasing in 1999.2005 it is only about 0,006% of all agricultural and forestry land in Poland. It isn.t scale which we afraid before accession.
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This paper concerns issues related to a land transformation into an optimum land use condition in the light of functionality and costs, with a focus on creating a concept of spatial information system structure, covering data, characteristics or methods useful in rational space planning management. A diagnosis of space values, based on the Bajerowski's method of characteristics generating optimum use matrix, is incomplete and insufficient for making decisions based on them, as model comparison units are missing for some land use conditions [Bajerowski 1996]. On the basis of studies carries, it is proposed to add anthropogenic characteristics to this method, and to include rational decision theory and game theory in the comparison units model building, for all values of land functions, using a computer programme as a tool. Studies cover a verification of spatial information system construction functionality, by comparing (comparison units) values of land sold by tender in computer stimulator and by Olsztyn City Council in 2005 and 2006.
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At this moment, in Romania it is desired the introduction of the generalcadastre and with it, the completion of specialized cadastres.The objective of systematic cadastre is the registration into the Integrated cadastre andland book system of the real estates located outside towns, the works beeing initiated by theterritorial administrative unit at the cadastral sector level.The theme of this paper is to solve a topical problem in our country, namely: theregistration in the Land Book of real estates from a cadastral sector located in the outskirtsof UAT Jidvei, through the National Cadastre and Land Book Program (PNCCF).The objective is based on the measurement and free registration of all real estates (landand building), in the integrated system of cadastre and real estate advertising.
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The approached subject is about the problem of satellite geodesy beingrelated to the establishment ofsome modalitiesthat can provide accuracy in obtaining higherprecision through a careful planning and organization of GPS observations. That is to say,correct information that comes at the right time can lead to the expected result. Not a fewtimes it has been shown that improvisation, even if it represents a level of creativity, relyingon intuition, it is dangerous in the engineering activity in general, and in topo-geodesicworks in particular. Therefore, a set of rules is required, which even if at first it seemsunimportant, it will prove useful both for promptness and especially for obtaining theexpected result
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: The systematic registration of all the property in Romania is a priority of the Romanian Government as the implementation of the National Cadastre and Land Registration Programme is vital to our country’s economic development. The registration of property into the integrated system of cadastre and land registration through simplified procedures of systematic registration, as well as the increase in the number of registered property are all objectives assumed by Romania, taking into account the constitutional principle of ownership guarantee
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